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Abstract
This paper introduces a versatile metasurface based on vanadium dioxide (${{\rm VO}_{2}}$) and graphene that seamlessly transitions between electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and multi-band absorption through ${{\rm VO}_{2}}$’s phase change property. When ${{\rm VO}_{2}}$ is in a dielectric state, the device can generate EIT. This configuration allows dynamic tuning of the central frequency by adjusting the graphene’s Fermi levels (${E_f}$), achieving a remarkable group delay of 1.42 ps. When ${{\rm VO}_{2}}$ is in a metallic state, the structure facilitates a Fabry–Perot resonance between the ${{\rm VO}_{2}}$ layer at the bottom and the graphene layer at the top, leading to exceptional light absorption. Specifically, absorptivity of 99.8% and 99.4% is achieved at 1.66 THz and 2.87 THz, respectively. In addition, these two resonance peaks can also be dynamically adjusted by modulating ${E_f}$. Furthermore, the device serves as a highly sensitive sensor with sensitivity up to 0.65 THz/RIU. Notably, both absorption and EIT modes are polarization-insensitive and exhibit tolerance to a wide range of incidence angles. Consequently, the proposed device holds significant promise across various applications within the electromagnetic field, including tunable devices, absorbers, sensors, slow-light devices, and so on.
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