Spectra of lutetium obtained with a sliding spark were photographed in the wavelength range 400–3200 Å. Wavelengths of 246 lines, comprising all lines identified as Lu iv appearing in the spark at 50-A peak current, are given. Fifty-seven energy levels were deduced from these lines, including nearly all levels of the 4f13(5d, 6s, 6p, 6d, and 7s) configurations and their connection to the 4f14 1S0 ground state. An ionization energy of 364 500±200 cm−1 was derived. The energy levels are interpreted by means of a theoretical analysis utilizing fitted radial parameters. With these results, trends of Slater and spin–orbit parameters and configuration energy differences for fourth spectra of the rare earths are found. The fundamental energy differences between lowest levels of the 4fN and 4fN−15d configurations for the fourth and fifth spectra are deduced.
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bl indicates lines broadened by the blending of hyperfine structure components. cl indicates that the measurement of the wavelength of this line may have been affected by a nearby line. hh indicates a very hazy line.
Calculated energy-level values and compositions for the 4f136d configuration of Lu iv. Negative eigenvector components are denoted by asterisks.
J
Calculated levels (cm−1)
Observed levels (cm−1)
Obs. minus calc.
Composition in J1j coupling
0
248 199
100%
1
238 587
97
249 084
68
29%
249 564
249 510
−54
69
31
2
235 631
235 664
33
87
13
237 936
237 947
10
87
13
248 719
248 620
−99
98
249 935
249 954
19
98
3
237 126
237 215
89
96
238 719
238 740
21
96
249 583
249 682
99
99
250 455
99
4
237 495
237 437
−58
95
238 616
238 501
−115
95
248 343
248 306
−37
97
250 718
250 789
71
97
5
236 657
236 667
10
98
238 918
238 908
−8
98
249 726
249 719
−7
100
6
237 634
237 664
30
100
Table VI
Fitted parameter values and associated standard errors for 4f136p configuration of Lu iv.
Parameter
Value (cm−1)
A
178 191±67
F2
7863±61
G2
2456±53
G4
2300±140
D1
218±66
ζf
3368.7±3.1
ζp
6111.4±7.9
rms error of calculated levels
18
Table VII
Calculated energy-level values and compositions for the 4f136p configuration of Lu iv. Negative eigenvector components are denoted by asterisks.
J
Calculated levels (cm−1)
Observed levels (cm−1)
Obs. minus calc.
Composition in J1j coupling
1
184 191
184 205
14
100%
2
173 434
173 414
−20
98
176 825
176 841
16
97
185 986
185 987
1
98
3
164 315
164 302
−13
98
174 140
174 143
3
94
176 365
176 356
−9
95
186 552
186 540
−12
99
4
164 722
164 728
6
100
174 879
174 890
11
100
185 370
185 360
−10
100
5
173 203
173 214
11
100
Table VIII
Fitted parameter values and associated standard errors for 4f136s and 4f137s configurations of Lu iv. Units are cm−1.
Parameter
4f136s
4f137s
A
125 484±23
242 187.8±1.4
G3
3056±230
511±14
ζf
3355±9.4
3393.5±0.6
Table IX
Experimental differences (in cm−1) between the quantities δiii,iv(4fN–4fN−15d) in isoelectronic third and fourth spectra of rare earths. See Ref. 16 for data sources.
Ce iv, La iii (N = 1)
Pr iv, Ce iii (N = 2)
Lu iv, Yb iii (N = 14)
δiii = (4fN–4fN−15d)iii
−7195
3277
33 386
δiv = (4fN–4fN−15d)iv
49 737
61 171
90 432
Δ = δiv–δiii
56 932
57 894
57 046
Table X
Predictions for the quantity (4fN–4fN−15d) in fourth and fifth spectra of rare earths in units of 1000 cm−1. Experimental data are given in boldface type.
bl indicates lines broadened by the blending of hyperfine structure components. cl indicates that the measurement of the wavelength of this line may have been affected by a nearby line. hh indicates a very hazy line.
Calculated energy-level values and compositions for the 4f136d configuration of Lu iv. Negative eigenvector components are denoted by asterisks.
J
Calculated levels (cm−1)
Observed levels (cm−1)
Obs. minus calc.
Composition in J1j coupling
0
248 199
100%
1
238 587
97
249 084
68
29%
249 564
249 510
−54
69
31
2
235 631
235 664
33
87
13
237 936
237 947
10
87
13
248 719
248 620
−99
98
249 935
249 954
19
98
3
237 126
237 215
89
96
238 719
238 740
21
96
249 583
249 682
99
99
250 455
99
4
237 495
237 437
−58
95
238 616
238 501
−115
95
248 343
248 306
−37
97
250 718
250 789
71
97
5
236 657
236 667
10
98
238 918
238 908
−8
98
249 726
249 719
−7
100
6
237 634
237 664
30
100
Table VI
Fitted parameter values and associated standard errors for 4f136p configuration of Lu iv.
Parameter
Value (cm−1)
A
178 191±67
F2
7863±61
G2
2456±53
G4
2300±140
D1
218±66
ζf
3368.7±3.1
ζp
6111.4±7.9
rms error of calculated levels
18
Table VII
Calculated energy-level values and compositions for the 4f136p configuration of Lu iv. Negative eigenvector components are denoted by asterisks.
J
Calculated levels (cm−1)
Observed levels (cm−1)
Obs. minus calc.
Composition in J1j coupling
1
184 191
184 205
14
100%
2
173 434
173 414
−20
98
176 825
176 841
16
97
185 986
185 987
1
98
3
164 315
164 302
−13
98
174 140
174 143
3
94
176 365
176 356
−9
95
186 552
186 540
−12
99
4
164 722
164 728
6
100
174 879
174 890
11
100
185 370
185 360
−10
100
5
173 203
173 214
11
100
Table VIII
Fitted parameter values and associated standard errors for 4f136s and 4f137s configurations of Lu iv. Units are cm−1.
Parameter
4f136s
4f137s
A
125 484±23
242 187.8±1.4
G3
3056±230
511±14
ζf
3355±9.4
3393.5±0.6
Table IX
Experimental differences (in cm−1) between the quantities δiii,iv(4fN–4fN−15d) in isoelectronic third and fourth spectra of rare earths. See Ref. 16 for data sources.
Ce iv, La iii (N = 1)
Pr iv, Ce iii (N = 2)
Lu iv, Yb iii (N = 14)
δiii = (4fN–4fN−15d)iii
−7195
3277
33 386
δiv = (4fN–4fN−15d)iv
49 737
61 171
90 432
Δ = δiv–δiii
56 932
57 894
57 046
Table X
Predictions for the quantity (4fN–4fN−15d) in fourth and fifth spectra of rare earths in units of 1000 cm−1. Experimental data are given in boldface type.