Silk protein based hybrid photonic-plasmonic crystal

Sunghwan Kim; Alexander N. Mitropoulos; Joshua D. Spitzberg; David L. Kaplan; Fiorenzo G Omenetto

doi:10.1364/OE.21.008897

Silk protein based hybrid photonic-plasmonic crystal

Sunghwan Kim, Alexander N. Mitropoulos, Joshua D. Spitzberg, David L. Kaplan, and Fiorenzo G Omenetto

Optics Express
Vol. 21,
Issue 7,
pp. 8897-8903
(2013)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.008897

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Sunghwan Kim, Alexander N. Mitropoulos, Joshua D. Spitzberg, David L. Kaplan, and Fiorenzo G Omenetto, "Silk protein based hybrid photonic-plasmonic crystal," Opt. Express 21, 8897-8903 (2013)

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Abstract

We propose a biocompatible hybrid photonic platform incorporating a 3D silk inverse opal (SIO) crystal and a 2D plasmonic crystal formed on the top surface of the SIO. This hybrid photonic-plasmonic crystal (HPPC) structure simultaneously exhibits both an extraordinary transmission and a pseudo-photonic band-gap in its transmission spectrum. We demonstrate the use of the HPPC as a refractive index (RI) sensor. By performing a multispectral analysis to analyze the RI value, a sensitivity of 200,000 nm·Δ%T/RIU (refractive index unit) is achieved.

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X. Fan, I. M. White, S. I. Shopova, H. Zhu, J. D. Suter, and Y. Sun, “Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: A review,” Anal. Chem. Acta 620(1-2), 8–26 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. Homola, “Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 377(3), 528–539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
N. Nath and A. Chilkoti, “A colorimetric gold nanoparticle sensor to interrogate biomolecular interactions in real time on a surface,” Anal. Chem. 74(3), 504–509 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. Kim, J. Lee, H. Jeon, and H. J. Kim, “Fiber-coupled surface-emitting photonic crystal bandedge laser for biochemical sensor applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 133503 (2009).
[Crossref]
A. V. Kabashin, P. Evans, S. Pastkovsky, W. Hendren, G. A. Wurtz, R. Atkinson, R. Pollard, V. A. Podolskiy, and A. V. Zayats, “Plasmonic nanorod metamaterials for biosensing,” Nat. Mater. 8(11), 867–871 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. A. Yanik, M. Huang, O. Kamohara, A. Artar, T. W. Geisbert, J. H. Connor, and H. Altug, “An optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor for direct detection of live viruses from biological media,” Nano Lett. 10(12), 4962–4969 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Y. Wang, G. A. Ameer, B. J. Sheppard, and R. Langer, “A tough biodegradable elastomer,” Nat. Biotechnol. 20(6), 602–606 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. Frost and M. E. Meyerhoff, “In vivo chemical sensors: Tracking biocompatibility,” Anal. Chem. 78(21), 7370–7377 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
F. G. Omenetto and D. L. Kaplan, “A new route for silk,” Nat. Photonics 2(11), 641–643 (2008).
[Crossref]
J. Zhang, E. Pritchard, X. Hu, T. Valentin, B. Panilatis, F. G. Omenetto, and D. L. Kaplan, “Stabilization of vaccines and antibodies in silk and eliminating the cold chain,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Soc. 109(30), 11981–11986 (2012).
[Crossref]
J. J. Amsden, P. Domachuk, A. Gopinath, R. D. White, L. D. Negro, D. L. Kaplan, and F. G. Omenetto, “Rapid nanoimprinting of silk fibroin films for biophotonic applications,” Adv. Mater. 22(15), 1746–1749 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
H. Tao, J. J. Amsden, A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, D. L. Kaplan, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt, and F. G. Omenetto, “Metamaterial silk composites at terahertz frequencies,” Adv. Mater. 22(32), 3527–3531 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. C. Arsenault, D. P. Puzzo, I. Manners, and G. A. Ozin, “Photonic-crystal full-colour displays,” Nat. Photonics 1(8), 468–472 (2007).
[Crossref]
M. A. Noginov, G. Zhu, A. M. Belgrave, R. Bakker, V. M. Shalaev, E. E. Narimanov, S. Stout, E. Herz, T. Suteewong, and U. Wiesner, “Demonstration of a spacer-based nanolaser,” Nature 460(7259), 1110–1112 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. G. Romanov, A. V. Korovin, A. Regensburger, and U. Peschel, “Hybrid colloidal plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Mater. 23(22-23), 2515–2533 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
L. Landström, D. Brodoceanu, D. Bäuerle, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, S. G. Rodrigo, and L. Martin-Moreno, “Extraordinary transmission through metal-coated monolayers of microspheres,” Opt. Express 17(2), 761–772 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
X. Yu, L. Shi, D. Han, J. Zi, and P. V. Braun, “High quality factor metallodielectric hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(12), 1910–1916 (2010).
[Crossref]
B. Ding, M. E. Pemble, A. V. Korovin, U. Peschel, and S. G. Romanov, “Three-dimensional photonic crystals with an active surface: Gold film terminated opals,” Phys. Rev. B 82(3), 035119 (2010).
[Crossref]
S. Kim, A. N. Mitropoulos, J. D. Spitzberg, H. Tao, D. L. Kaplan, and F. G. Omenetto, “Silk inverse opals,” Nat. Photonics 6(12), 818–823 (2012).
[Crossref]
W. L. Vos, R. Sprik, A. Blaaderen, A. Imhof, A. Lagendijk, and G. H. Wegdam, “Strong effects of photonic band structures on the diffraction of colloidal crystals,” Phys. Rev. B 53, 16231–16235 (1996).
C. Genet and T. W. Ebbesen, “Light in tiny holes,” Nature 445(7123), 39–46 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. F. Oskooi, D. Roundy, M. Ibanescu, P. Bermel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and S. G. Johnson, “Meep: A flexible free-software package for electromagnetic simulations by the FDTD method,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 181(3), 687–702 (2010).
[Crossref]
R. C. Schroden, M. Al-Daous, C. F. Blanford, and A. Stein, “Optical properties of inverse opal photonic crystals,” Chem. Mater. 14(8), 3305–3315 (2002).
[Crossref]
A. Dahlin, M. Zäch, T. Rindzevicius, M. Käll, D. S. Sutherland, and F. Höök, “Localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of lipid-membrane-mediated biorecognition events,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(14), 5043–5048 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
N. Ganesh, I. D. Block, and B. T. Cunningham, “Near ultraviolet-wavelength photonic-crystal biosensor with enhanced surface-to-bulk sensitivity ratio,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(2), 023901 (2006).
[Crossref]
P. Offermans, M. C. Schaafsma, S. R. K. Rodriguez, Y. Zhang, M. Crego-Calama, S. H. Brongersma, and J. Gómez Rivas, “Universal scaling of the figure of merit of plasmonic sensors,” ACS Nano 5(6), 5151–5157 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. E. Stewart, N. H. Mack, V. Malyarchuk, J. A. N. T. Soares, T. W. Lee, S. K. Gray, R. G. Nuzzo, and J. A. Rogers, “Quantitative multispectral biosensing and 1D imaging using quasi-3D plasmonic crystals,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103(46), 17143–17148 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. Maria, T. T. Truong, J. Yao, T. W. Lee, R. G. Nuzzo, S. Leyffer, S. K. Gray, and J. A. Rogers, “Optimization of 3D plasmonic crystal structures for refractive index sensing,” J. Phys. Chem. C 113(24), 10493–10499 (2009).
[Crossref]
P. Y. Chung, K. L. Lee, G. Schultz, P. K. Wei, and C. Batichm, “Multispectral refractive index sensing using surface plasmon resonance on gold nanosilts,” MRS Proc. 1253, 1253–K10–26 (2010).

2012 (2)

J. Zhang, E. Pritchard, X. Hu, T. Valentin, B. Panilatis, F. G. Omenetto, and D. L. Kaplan, “Stabilization of vaccines and antibodies in silk and eliminating the cold chain,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Soc. 109(30), 11981–11986 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. Kim, A. N. Mitropoulos, J. D. Spitzberg, H. Tao, D. L. Kaplan, and F. G. Omenetto, “Silk inverse opals,” Nat. Photonics 6(12), 818–823 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

P. Offermans, M. C. Schaafsma, S. R. K. Rodriguez, Y. Zhang, M. Crego-Calama, S. H. Brongersma, and J. Gómez Rivas, “Universal scaling of the figure of merit of plasmonic sensors,” ACS Nano 5(6), 5151–5157 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. G. Romanov, A. V. Korovin, A. Regensburger, and U. Peschel, “Hybrid colloidal plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Mater. 23(22-23), 2515–2533 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (6)

X. Yu, L. Shi, D. Han, J. Zi, and P. V. Braun, “High quality factor metallodielectric hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(12), 1910–1916 (2010).
[Crossref]

B. Ding, M. E. Pemble, A. V. Korovin, U. Peschel, and S. G. Romanov, “Three-dimensional photonic crystals with an active surface: Gold film terminated opals,” Phys. Rev. B 82(3), 035119 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. J. Amsden, P. Domachuk, A. Gopinath, R. D. White, L. D. Negro, D. L. Kaplan, and F. G. Omenetto, “Rapid nanoimprinting of silk fibroin films for biophotonic applications,” Adv. Mater. 22(15), 1746–1749 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Tao, J. J. Amsden, A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, D. L. Kaplan, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt, and F. G. Omenetto, “Metamaterial silk composites at terahertz frequencies,” Adv. Mater. 22(32), 3527–3531 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. A. Yanik, M. Huang, O. Kamohara, A. Artar, T. W. Geisbert, J. H. Connor, and H. Altug, “An optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor for direct detection of live viruses from biological media,” Nano Lett. 10(12), 4962–4969 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. F. Oskooi, D. Roundy, M. Ibanescu, P. Bermel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and S. G. Johnson, “Meep: A flexible free-software package for electromagnetic simulations by the FDTD method,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 181(3), 687–702 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (5)

M. A. Noginov, G. Zhu, A. M. Belgrave, R. Bakker, V. M. Shalaev, E. E. Narimanov, S. Stout, E. Herz, T. Suteewong, and U. Wiesner, “Demonstration of a spacer-based nanolaser,” Nature 460(7259), 1110–1112 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Maria, T. T. Truong, J. Yao, T. W. Lee, R. G. Nuzzo, S. Leyffer, S. K. Gray, and J. A. Rogers, “Optimization of 3D plasmonic crystal structures for refractive index sensing,” J. Phys. Chem. C 113(24), 10493–10499 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. Kim, J. Lee, H. Jeon, and H. J. Kim, “Fiber-coupled surface-emitting photonic crystal bandedge laser for biochemical sensor applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 133503 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. V. Kabashin, P. Evans, S. Pastkovsky, W. Hendren, G. A. Wurtz, R. Atkinson, R. Pollard, V. A. Podolskiy, and A. V. Zayats, “Plasmonic nanorod metamaterials for biosensing,” Nat. Mater. 8(11), 867–871 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Landström, D. Brodoceanu, D. Bäuerle, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, S. G. Rodrigo, and L. Martin-Moreno, “Extraordinary transmission through metal-coated monolayers of microspheres,” Opt. Express 17(2), 761–772 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (2)

X. Fan, I. M. White, S. I. Shopova, H. Zhu, J. D. Suter, and Y. Sun, “Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: A review,” Anal. Chem. Acta 620(1-2), 8–26 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. G. Omenetto and D. L. Kaplan, “A new route for silk,” Nat. Photonics 2(11), 641–643 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

A. C. Arsenault, D. P. Puzzo, I. Manners, and G. A. Ozin, “Photonic-crystal full-colour displays,” Nat. Photonics 1(8), 468–472 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. Genet and T. W. Ebbesen, “Light in tiny holes,” Nature 445(7123), 39–46 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (3)

N. Ganesh, I. D. Block, and B. T. Cunningham, “Near ultraviolet-wavelength photonic-crystal biosensor with enhanced surface-to-bulk sensitivity ratio,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(2), 023901 (2006).
[Crossref]

M. E. Stewart, N. H. Mack, V. Malyarchuk, J. A. N. T. Soares, T. W. Lee, S. K. Gray, R. G. Nuzzo, and J. A. Rogers, “Quantitative multispectral biosensing and 1D imaging using quasi-3D plasmonic crystals,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103(46), 17143–17148 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Frost and M. E. Meyerhoff, “In vivo chemical sensors: Tracking biocompatibility,” Anal. Chem. 78(21), 7370–7377 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2005 (1)

A. Dahlin, M. Zäch, T. Rindzevicius, M. Käll, D. S. Sutherland, and F. Höök, “Localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of lipid-membrane-mediated biorecognition events,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(14), 5043–5048 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (1)

J. Homola, “Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 377(3), 528–539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (3)

N. Nath and A. Chilkoti, “A colorimetric gold nanoparticle sensor to interrogate biomolecular interactions in real time on a surface,” Anal. Chem. 74(3), 504–509 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Wang, G. A. Ameer, B. J. Sheppard, and R. Langer, “A tough biodegradable elastomer,” Nat. Biotechnol. 20(6), 602–606 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. C. Schroden, M. Al-Daous, C. F. Blanford, and A. Stein, “Optical properties of inverse opal photonic crystals,” Chem. Mater. 14(8), 3305–3315 (2002).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

W. L. Vos, R. Sprik, A. Blaaderen, A. Imhof, A. Lagendijk, and G. H. Wegdam, “Strong effects of photonic band structures on the diffraction of colloidal crystals,” Phys. Rev. B 53, 16231–16235 (1996).

Al-Daous, M.

R. C. Schroden, M. Al-Daous, C. F. Blanford, and A. Stein, “Optical properties of inverse opal photonic crystals,” Chem. Mater. 14(8), 3305–3315 (2002).
[Crossref]

Altug, H.

Ameer, G. A.

Y. Wang, G. A. Ameer, B. J. Sheppard, and R. Langer, “A tough biodegradable elastomer,” Nat. Biotechnol. 20(6), 602–606 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Amsden, J. J.

Arsenault, A. C.

A. C. Arsenault, D. P. Puzzo, I. Manners, and G. A. Ozin, “Photonic-crystal full-colour displays,” Nat. Photonics 1(8), 468–472 (2007).
[Crossref]

Artar, A.

Atkinson, R.

Averitt, R. D.

Bakker, R.

Bäuerle, D.

Belgrave, A. M.

Bermel, P.

Blaaderen, A.

Blanford, C. F.

R. C. Schroden, M. Al-Daous, C. F. Blanford, and A. Stein, “Optical properties of inverse opal photonic crystals,” Chem. Mater. 14(8), 3305–3315 (2002).
[Crossref]

Block, I. D.

Braun, P. V.

X. Yu, L. Shi, D. Han, J. Zi, and P. V. Braun, “High quality factor metallodielectric hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(12), 1910–1916 (2010).
[Crossref]

Brodoceanu, D.

Brongersma, S. H.

Chilkoti, A.

N. Nath and A. Chilkoti, “A colorimetric gold nanoparticle sensor to interrogate biomolecular interactions in real time on a surface,” Anal. Chem. 74(3), 504–509 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Connor, J. H.

Crego-Calama, M.

Cunningham, B. T.

Dahlin, A.

Ding, B.

Domachuk, P.

Ebbesen, T. W.

C. Genet and T. W. Ebbesen, “Light in tiny holes,” Nature 445(7123), 39–46 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Evans, P.

Fan, K.

Fan, X.

X. Fan, I. M. White, S. I. Shopova, H. Zhu, J. D. Suter, and Y. Sun, “Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: A review,” Anal. Chem. Acta 620(1-2), 8–26 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Frost, M.

M. Frost and M. E. Meyerhoff, “In vivo chemical sensors: Tracking biocompatibility,” Anal. Chem. 78(21), 7370–7377 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ganesh, N.

Garcia-Vidal, F. J.

Geisbert, T. W.

Genet, C.

C. Genet and T. W. Ebbesen, “Light in tiny holes,” Nature 445(7123), 39–46 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gómez Rivas, J.

Gopinath, A.

Gray, S. K.

Han, D.

X. Yu, L. Shi, D. Han, J. Zi, and P. V. Braun, “High quality factor metallodielectric hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(12), 1910–1916 (2010).
[Crossref]

Hendren, W.

Herz, E.

Homola, J.

J. Homola, “Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 377(3), 528–539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Höök, F.

Hu, X.

Huang, M.

Ibanescu, M.

Imhof, A.

Jeon, H.

S. Kim, J. Lee, H. Jeon, and H. J. Kim, “Fiber-coupled surface-emitting photonic crystal bandedge laser for biochemical sensor applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 133503 (2009).
[Crossref]

Joannopoulos, J. D.

Johnson, S. G.

Kabashin, A. V.

Käll, M.

Kamohara, O.

Kaplan, D. L.

S. Kim, A. N. Mitropoulos, J. D. Spitzberg, H. Tao, D. L. Kaplan, and F. G. Omenetto, “Silk inverse opals,” Nat. Photonics 6(12), 818–823 (2012).
[Crossref]

F. G. Omenetto and D. L. Kaplan, “A new route for silk,” Nat. Photonics 2(11), 641–643 (2008).
[Crossref]

Kim, H. J.

S. Kim, J. Lee, H. Jeon, and H. J. Kim, “Fiber-coupled surface-emitting photonic crystal bandedge laser for biochemical sensor applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 133503 (2009).
[Crossref]

Kim, S.

S. Kim, A. N. Mitropoulos, J. D. Spitzberg, H. Tao, D. L. Kaplan, and F. G. Omenetto, “Silk inverse opals,” Nat. Photonics 6(12), 818–823 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. Kim, J. Lee, H. Jeon, and H. J. Kim, “Fiber-coupled surface-emitting photonic crystal bandedge laser for biochemical sensor applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 133503 (2009).
[Crossref]

Korovin, A. V.

S. G. Romanov, A. V. Korovin, A. Regensburger, and U. Peschel, “Hybrid colloidal plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Mater. 23(22-23), 2515–2533 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lagendijk, A.

Landström, L.

Langer, R.

Y. Wang, G. A. Ameer, B. J. Sheppard, and R. Langer, “A tough biodegradable elastomer,” Nat. Biotechnol. 20(6), 602–606 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, J.

S. Kim, J. Lee, H. Jeon, and H. J. Kim, “Fiber-coupled surface-emitting photonic crystal bandedge laser for biochemical sensor applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 133503 (2009).
[Crossref]

Lee, T. W.

Leyffer, S.

Mack, N. H.

Malyarchuk, V.

Manners, I.

A. C. Arsenault, D. P. Puzzo, I. Manners, and G. A. Ozin, “Photonic-crystal full-colour displays,” Nat. Photonics 1(8), 468–472 (2007).
[Crossref]

Maria, J.

Martin-Moreno, L.

Meyerhoff, M. E.

M. Frost and M. E. Meyerhoff, “In vivo chemical sensors: Tracking biocompatibility,” Anal. Chem. 78(21), 7370–7377 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mitropoulos, A. N.

S. Kim, A. N. Mitropoulos, J. D. Spitzberg, H. Tao, D. L. Kaplan, and F. G. Omenetto, “Silk inverse opals,” Nat. Photonics 6(12), 818–823 (2012).
[Crossref]

Narimanov, E. E.

Nath, N.

N. Nath and A. Chilkoti, “A colorimetric gold nanoparticle sensor to interrogate biomolecular interactions in real time on a surface,” Anal. Chem. 74(3), 504–509 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Negro, L. D.

Noginov, M. A.

Nuzzo, R. G.

Offermans, P.

Omenetto, F. G.

S. Kim, A. N. Mitropoulos, J. D. Spitzberg, H. Tao, D. L. Kaplan, and F. G. Omenetto, “Silk inverse opals,” Nat. Photonics 6(12), 818–823 (2012).
[Crossref]

F. G. Omenetto and D. L. Kaplan, “A new route for silk,” Nat. Photonics 2(11), 641–643 (2008).
[Crossref]

Oskooi, A. F.

Ozin, G. A.

A. C. Arsenault, D. P. Puzzo, I. Manners, and G. A. Ozin, “Photonic-crystal full-colour displays,” Nat. Photonics 1(8), 468–472 (2007).
[Crossref]

Panilatis, B.

Pastkovsky, S.

Pemble, M. E.

Peschel, U.

S. G. Romanov, A. V. Korovin, A. Regensburger, and U. Peschel, “Hybrid colloidal plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Mater. 23(22-23), 2515–2533 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Podolskiy, V. A.

Pollard, R.

Pritchard, E.

Puzzo, D. P.

A. C. Arsenault, D. P. Puzzo, I. Manners, and G. A. Ozin, “Photonic-crystal full-colour displays,” Nat. Photonics 1(8), 468–472 (2007).
[Crossref]

Regensburger, A.

S. G. Romanov, A. V. Korovin, A. Regensburger, and U. Peschel, “Hybrid colloidal plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Mater. 23(22-23), 2515–2533 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rindzevicius, T.

Rodrigo, S. G.

Rodriguez, S. R. K.

Rogers, J. A.

Romanov, S. G.

S. G. Romanov, A. V. Korovin, A. Regensburger, and U. Peschel, “Hybrid colloidal plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Mater. 23(22-23), 2515–2533 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Roundy, D.

Schaafsma, M. C.

Schroden, R. C.

R. C. Schroden, M. Al-Daous, C. F. Blanford, and A. Stein, “Optical properties of inverse opal photonic crystals,” Chem. Mater. 14(8), 3305–3315 (2002).
[Crossref]

Shalaev, V. M.

Sheppard, B. J.

Y. Wang, G. A. Ameer, B. J. Sheppard, and R. Langer, “A tough biodegradable elastomer,” Nat. Biotechnol. 20(6), 602–606 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shi, L.

X. Yu, L. Shi, D. Han, J. Zi, and P. V. Braun, “High quality factor metallodielectric hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(12), 1910–1916 (2010).
[Crossref]

Shopova, S. I.

X. Fan, I. M. White, S. I. Shopova, H. Zhu, J. D. Suter, and Y. Sun, “Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: A review,” Anal. Chem. Acta 620(1-2), 8–26 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Soares, J. A. N. T.

Spitzberg, J. D.

S. Kim, A. N. Mitropoulos, J. D. Spitzberg, H. Tao, D. L. Kaplan, and F. G. Omenetto, “Silk inverse opals,” Nat. Photonics 6(12), 818–823 (2012).
[Crossref]

Sprik, R.

Stein, A.

R. C. Schroden, M. Al-Daous, C. F. Blanford, and A. Stein, “Optical properties of inverse opal photonic crystals,” Chem. Mater. 14(8), 3305–3315 (2002).
[Crossref]

Stewart, M. E.

Stout, S.

Strikwerda, A. C.

Sun, Y.

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Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the hybrid photonic-plasmonic crystal composed of a biocompatible silk inverse opal (SIO) and an Ag cap array.

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Fig. 2

(a), (b) SEM images of an Ag-deposited PMMA opal and a SIO. (c) Optical image of the top view of the HPPC. Green irradiation originates from diffraction by the SIO. The scale bars in both (a) and (b) are 500-nm.

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Fig. 3

Transmission spectra of (a) the bare opal, (b) the plasmonic crystal, and (c) the HPPC. By comparison, a linear superposition (black dots) of (b) and (c) is plotted in (c). (d) Calculated transmission spectrum for the plasmonic crystal. (e) Computed intensity of the magnetic field (perpendicular component to the image plane) associated with the resonance at 470 nm. The intensity is concentrated at the Ag/silk interface.

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Fig. 4

(a) Transmission spectra of the HPPC structure immerged in analytes with different RI (inset) and (b) magnified spectra to appear a pseudo-PBG shift. (c) Normalized differences in transmission as a function of wavelength when the 1.30 of RI is base. The plot is evaluated at different RI; 1.32 (black), 1.34 (blue), 1.36 (cyan), and 1.38 (red). (d) Plot of the integrated response of the HPPC over a wavelength range of 350-850 nm as a function of the change in RI. From a linear fit of the plot in (b), the HPPC exhibits a sensitivity ≈200,000 nm·Δ%T/RIU (refractive index unit).

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Equations (3)

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m λ_{B r a g g} = 2 d_{111} \sqrt{n_{e f f}^{2} - \sin^{2} θ},

k (ω) = \pm \sqrt{k_{S P P} {(ω)}^{2} - {\frac{2 π}{\sqrt{3} a} (2 j - i)}^{2}} - \frac{2 π j}{a}, \begin{matrix}  \end{matrix} (i, j) = 0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \dots,

R = \int | \frac{T_{a n a l y t e} - T_{b a s e}}{T_{b a s e}} | d λ,