Discovery of ordered and quasi-ordered photonic crystal structures in the scales of the beetle Eupholus magnificus

C. Pouya; D. G. Stavenga; P. Vukusic

doi:10.1364/OE.19.011355

Discovery of ordered and quasi-ordered photonic crystal structures in the scales of the beetle Eupholus magnificus

C. Pouya, D. G. Stavenga, and P. Vukusic

Optics Express
Vol. 19,
Issue 12,
pp. 11355-11364
(2011)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.011355

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C. Pouya, D. G. Stavenga, and P. Vukusic, "Discovery of ordered and quasi-ordered photonic crystal structures in the scales of the beetle Eupholus magnificus," Opt. Express 19, 11355-11364 (2011)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Photonic Crystals
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Biomaterials (160.1435)
- Photonic bandgap materials (160.5293)
- Photonic crystals (160.5298)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 1, 2011
- Manuscript Accepted: March 31, 2011
- Published: May 26, 2011
Virtual Issues
Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics Vol. 6, Iss. 7

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

The outer wing casings (elytra) of the weevil Eupholus magnificus are marked by yellow and blue bands. We have investigated the scales covering the elytra by using microspectrophotometry, imaging scatterometry, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform analysis. We demonstrate that the scales in the yellow elytral bands comprise highly ordered 3D photonic crystal structures, whereas the scales of the blue bands comprise quasi-ordered 3D photonic structures. Both systems, highly contrasting in their periodic order, create approximately angle-independent colour appearances in the far-field. The co-existence of these two contrasting forms of 3D structural order in the same single species is certainly uncommon in natural biological systems and has not been reported in the photonic literature.

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References

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[Crossref]
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[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. A. Noyes, P. Vukusic, and I. R. Hooper, “Experimental method for reliably establishing the refractive index of buprestid beetle exocuticle,” Opt. Express 15(7), 4351–4358 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
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[Crossref]
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[Crossref]
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K. Michielsen, H. De Raedt, and D. G. Stavenga, “Reflectivity of the gyroid biophotonic crystals in the ventral wing scales of the Green Hairstreak butterfly, Callophrys rubi,” J. R. Soc. Interface 7(46), 765–771 (2010).
[Crossref]
P. Vukusic, B. Hallam, and J. Noyes, “Brilliant whiteness in ultrathin beetle scales,” Science 315(5810), 348 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. P. Vigneron, M. Rassart, Z. Vértesy, K. Kertész, M. Sarrazin, L. P. Biró, D. Ertz, and V. Lousse, “Optical structure and function of the white filamentary hair covering the edelweiss bracts,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 71(1), 011906 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
D. G. Stavenga, H. L. Leertouwer, P. Pirih, and M. F. Wehling, “Imaging scatterometry of butterfly wing scales,” Opt. Express 17(1), 193–202 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
P. Vukusic and D. G. Stavenga, “Physical methods for investigating structural colours in biological systems,” J. R. Soc. Interface 6(Suppl 2), S133–S148 (2009).
[PubMed]
V. Sharma, M. Crne, J. O. Park, and M. Srinivasarao, “Structural origin of circularly polarized iridescence in jeweled beetles,” Science 325(5939), 449–451 (2009).
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V. Saranathan, C. O. Osuji, S. G. J. Mochrie, H. Noh, S. Narayanan, A. Sandy, E. R. Dufresne, and R. O. Prum, “Structure, function, and self-assembly of single network gyroid (I4132) photonic crystals in butterfly wing scales,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(26), 11676–11681 (2010).
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R. O. Prum and R. H. Torres, “Structural colouration of mammalian skin: convergent evolution of coherently scattering dermal collagen arrays,” J. Exp. Biol. 207(12), 2157–2172 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. Florescu, S. Torquato, and P. Steinhardt, “Complete band gaps in two-dimensional photonic quasicrystals,” Phys. Rev. B 80(15), 155112 (2009).
[Crossref]
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[Crossref]
H. T. Miyazaki, H. Miyazaki, K. Ohtaka, and T. Sato, “Photonic band in two-dimensional lattices of micrometer-sized spheres mechanically arranged under a scanning electron microscope,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(10), 7152–7158 (2000).
[Crossref]
I. Divliansky, T. S. Mayer, K. S. Holliday, and V. H. Crespi, “Fabrication of three-dimensional polymer photonic crystal structures using single diffraction element interference lithography,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(11), 1667 (2003).
[Crossref]
M. Deubel, G. von Freymann, M. Wegener, S. Pereira, K. Busch, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Direct laser writing of three-dimensional photonic-crystal templates for telecommunications,” Nat. Mater. 3(7), 444–447 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. S. Rill, C. Plet, M. Thiel, I. Staude, G. von Freymann, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, “Photonic metamaterials by direct laser writing and silver chemical vapour deposition,” Nat. Mater. 7(7), 543–546 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Ding, K. Song, K. Clays, and C. H. Tung, “Fabrication of 3D Photonic Crystals of Ellipsoids: Convective Self-Assembly in Magnetic Field,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1936–1940 (2009).
[Crossref]
B. Hatton, L. Mishchenko, S. Davis, K. H. Sandhage, and J. Aizenberg, “Assembly of large-area, highly ordered, crack-free inverse opal films,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(23), 10354–10359 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (5)

J. Jágerská, H. Zhang, Z. Diao, N. L. Thomas, and R. Houdré, “Refractive index sensing with an air-slot photonic crystal nanocavity,” Opt. Lett. 35(15), 2523–2525 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Huang, C. H. Lin, Z. K. Huang, K. Y. Lee, C. C. Yu, and H. C. Kuo, “Double Photonic Quasi-Crystal Structure Effect on GaN-Based Vertical-Injection Light-Emitting Diodes,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49(2), 022101 (2010).
[Crossref]

K. Michielsen, H. De Raedt, and D. G. Stavenga, “Reflectivity of the gyroid biophotonic crystals in the ventral wing scales of the Green Hairstreak butterfly, Callophrys rubi,” J. R. Soc. Interface 7(46), 765–771 (2010).
[Crossref]

V. Saranathan, C. O. Osuji, S. G. J. Mochrie, H. Noh, S. Narayanan, A. Sandy, E. R. Dufresne, and R. O. Prum, “Structure, function, and self-assembly of single network gyroid (I4132) photonic crystals in butterfly wing scales,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(26), 11676–11681 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Hatton, L. Mishchenko, S. Davis, K. H. Sandhage, and J. Aizenberg, “Assembly of large-area, highly ordered, crack-free inverse opal films,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(23), 10354–10359 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (7)

D. G. Stavenga, H. L. Leertouwer, P. Pirih, and M. F. Wehling, “Imaging scatterometry of butterfly wing scales,” Opt. Express 17(1), 193–202 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Vukusic and D. G. Stavenga, “Physical methods for investigating structural colours in biological systems,” J. R. Soc. Interface 6(Suppl 2), S133–S148 (2009).
[PubMed]

V. Sharma, M. Crne, J. O. Park, and M. Srinivasarao, “Structural origin of circularly polarized iridescence in jeweled beetles,” Science 325(5939), 449–451 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. E. Seago, P. Brady, J. P. Vigneron, and T. D. Schultz, “Gold bugs and beyond: a review of iridescence and structural colour mechanisms in beetles (Coleoptera),” J. R. Soc. Interface 6(Suppl 2), S165–S184 (2009).

M. Florescu, S. Torquato, and P. Steinhardt, “Complete band gaps in two-dimensional photonic quasicrystals,” Phys. Rev. B 80(15), 155112 (2009).
[Crossref]

T. Ding, K. Song, K. Clays, and C. H. Tung, “Fabrication of 3D Photonic Crystals of Ellipsoids: Convective Self-Assembly in Magnetic Field,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1936–1940 (2009).
[Crossref]

T. M. Trzeciak and P. Vukusic, “Photonic crystal fiber in the polychaete worm Pherusa sp,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 80(6), 061908 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (3)

K. Michielsen and D. G. Stavenga, “Gyroid cuticular structures in butterfly wing scales: biological photonic crystals,” J. R. Soc. Interface 5(18), 85–94 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. W. Galusha, L. R. Richey, J. S. Gardner, J. N. Cha, and M. H. Bartl, “Discovery of a diamond-based photonic crystal structure in beetle scales,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 77(5), 050904 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. S. Rill, C. Plet, M. Thiel, I. Staude, G. von Freymann, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, “Photonic metamaterials by direct laser writing and silver chemical vapour deposition,” Nat. Mater. 7(7), 543–546 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (3)

P. Vukusic, B. Hallam, and J. Noyes, “Brilliant whiteness in ultrathin beetle scales,” Science 315(5810), 348 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Birό, K. Kertész, Z. Vertésy, G. Mark, Z. Bálint, V. Lousse, and J. Vigneron, “Living photonic crystals: Butterfly scales — Nanostructure and optical properties,” Mater. Sci. Eng. C 27, 941–946 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. A. Noyes, P. Vukusic, and I. R. Hooper, “Experimental method for reliably establishing the refractive index of buprestid beetle exocuticle,” Opt. Express 15(7), 4351–4358 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (3)

O. Deparis, C. Vandenbem, M. Rassart, V. Welch, and J. P. Vigneron, “Color-selecting reflectors inspired from biological periodic multilayer structures,” Opt. Express 14(8), 3547–3555 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Kertész, Z. Bálint, Z. Vértesy, G. I. Márk, V. Lousse, J. P. Vigneron, M. Rassart, and L. P. Biró, “Gleaming and dull surface textures from photonic-crystal-type nanostructures in the butterfly Cyanophrys remus,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 74(2), 021922 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Altug, D. EnglUnd, and J. Vučković, “Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser,” Nat. Phys. 2(7), 484–488 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

J. P. Vigneron, M. Rassart, Z. Vértesy, K. Kertész, M. Sarrazin, L. P. Biró, D. Ertz, and V. Lousse, “Optical structure and function of the white filamentary hair covering the edelweiss bracts,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 71(1), 011906 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (2)

M. Deubel, G. von Freymann, M. Wegener, S. Pereira, K. Busch, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Direct laser writing of three-dimensional photonic-crystal templates for telecommunications,” Nat. Mater. 3(7), 444–447 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. O. Prum and R. H. Torres, “Structural colouration of mammalian skin: convergent evolution of coherently scattering dermal collagen arrays,” J. Exp. Biol. 207(12), 2157–2172 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (2)

I. Divliansky, T. S. Mayer, K. S. Holliday, and V. H. Crespi, “Fabrication of three-dimensional polymer photonic crystal structures using single diffraction element interference lithography,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(11), 1667 (2003).
[Crossref]

P. Vukusic and J. R. Sambles, “Photonic structures in biology,” Nature 424(6950), 852–855 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (1)

S. Kinoshita, S. Yoshioka, Y. Fujii, and N. Okamoto, “Photophysics of structural color in the Morpho butterflies,” Forma 17, 103–121 (2002).

2000 (3)

M. Zoorob, M. Charlton, G. Parker, J. Baumberg, and M. Netti, “Complete and absolute photonic bandgaps in highly symmetric photonic quasicrystals embedded in low refractive index material,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B 74(1-3), 168–174 (2000).
[Crossref]

H. T. Miyazaki, H. Miyazaki, K. Ohtaka, and T. Sato, “Photonic band in two-dimensional lattices of micrometer-sized spheres mechanically arranged under a scanning electron microscope,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(10), 7152–7158 (2000).
[Crossref]

A. P. Li, F. Müller, and U. Gösele, “Electrochem. “Polycrystalline and Monocrystalline Pore Arrays with Large Interpore Distance in Anodic Alumina,” Solid-St. 3, 155112 (2000).

1999 (1)

M. Srinivasarao, “Nano-Optics in the Biological World: Beetles, Butterflies, Birds, and Moths,” Chem. Rev. 99(7), 1935–1962 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (2)

J. C. Knight, J. Broeng, T. A. Birks, and P. S. J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fibers,” Science 282(5393), 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Parker, D. McKenzie, and M. Large, “Multilayer reflectors in animals using green and gold beetles as contrasting examples,” J. Exp. Biol. 201, 1307–1313 (1998).

1997 (1)

C. C. Cheng and A. Scherer, “New fabrication techniques for high quality photonic crystals,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 15(6), 2764–2767 (1997).
[Crossref]

1984 (1)

D. Levine and P. Steinhardt, “Quasicrystals: A New Class of Ordered Structures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 53(26), 2477–2480 (1984).
[Crossref]

1971 (1)

E. J. Denton, “Reflectors in fishes,” Sci. Am. 224(1), 64–72 (1971).
[Crossref]

Aizenberg, J.

Altug, H.

H. Altug, D. EnglUnd, and J. Vučković, “Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser,” Nat. Phys. 2(7), 484–488 (2006).
[Crossref]

Bálint, Z.

Bartl, M. H.

Baumberg, J.

Bir?, L.

Birks, T. A.

J. C. Knight, J. Broeng, T. A. Birks, and P. S. J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fibers,” Science 282(5393), 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Biró, L. P.

Brady, P.

Broeng, J.

J. C. Knight, J. Broeng, T. A. Birks, and P. S. J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fibers,” Science 282(5393), 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Busch, K.

Cha, J. N.

Charlton, M.

Cheng, C. C.

C. C. Cheng and A. Scherer, “New fabrication techniques for high quality photonic crystals,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 15(6), 2764–2767 (1997).
[Crossref]

Clays, K.

T. Ding, K. Song, K. Clays, and C. H. Tung, “Fabrication of 3D Photonic Crystals of Ellipsoids: Convective Self-Assembly in Magnetic Field,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1936–1940 (2009).
[Crossref]

Crespi, V. H.

Crne, M.

V. Sharma, M. Crne, J. O. Park, and M. Srinivasarao, “Structural origin of circularly polarized iridescence in jeweled beetles,” Science 325(5939), 449–451 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Davis, S.

De Raedt, H.

Denton, E. J.

E. J. Denton, “Reflectors in fishes,” Sci. Am. 224(1), 64–72 (1971).
[Crossref]

Deparis, O.

Deubel, M.

Diao, Z.

J. Jágerská, H. Zhang, Z. Diao, N. L. Thomas, and R. Houdré, “Refractive index sensing with an air-slot photonic crystal nanocavity,” Opt. Lett. 35(15), 2523–2525 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ding, T.

T. Ding, K. Song, K. Clays, and C. H. Tung, “Fabrication of 3D Photonic Crystals of Ellipsoids: Convective Self-Assembly in Magnetic Field,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1936–1940 (2009).
[Crossref]

Divliansky, I.

Dufresne, E. R.

EnglUnd, D.

H. Altug, D. EnglUnd, and J. Vučković, “Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser,” Nat. Phys. 2(7), 484–488 (2006).
[Crossref]

Ertz, D.

Florescu, M.

M. Florescu, S. Torquato, and P. Steinhardt, “Complete band gaps in two-dimensional photonic quasicrystals,” Phys. Rev. B 80(15), 155112 (2009).
[Crossref]

Fujii, Y.

S. Kinoshita, S. Yoshioka, Y. Fujii, and N. Okamoto, “Photophysics of structural color in the Morpho butterflies,” Forma 17, 103–121 (2002).

Galusha, J. W.

Gardner, J. S.

Gösele, U.

A. P. Li, F. Müller, and U. Gösele, “Electrochem. “Polycrystalline and Monocrystalline Pore Arrays with Large Interpore Distance in Anodic Alumina,” Solid-St. 3, 155112 (2000).

Hallam, B.

P. Vukusic, B. Hallam, and J. Noyes, “Brilliant whiteness in ultrathin beetle scales,” Science 315(5810), 348 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hatton, B.

Holliday, K. S.

Hooper, I. R.

Houdré, R.

J. Jágerská, H. Zhang, Z. Diao, N. L. Thomas, and R. Houdré, “Refractive index sensing with an air-slot photonic crystal nanocavity,” Opt. Lett. 35(15), 2523–2525 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, H.

Huang, Z. K.

Jágerská, J.

J. Jágerská, H. Zhang, Z. Diao, N. L. Thomas, and R. Houdré, “Refractive index sensing with an air-slot photonic crystal nanocavity,” Opt. Lett. 35(15), 2523–2525 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kertész, K.

Kinoshita, S.

S. Kinoshita, S. Yoshioka, Y. Fujii, and N. Okamoto, “Photophysics of structural color in the Morpho butterflies,” Forma 17, 103–121 (2002).

Knight, J. C.

J. C. Knight, J. Broeng, T. A. Birks, and P. S. J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fibers,” Science 282(5393), 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kuo, H. C.

Large, M.

A. Parker, D. McKenzie, and M. Large, “Multilayer reflectors in animals using green and gold beetles as contrasting examples,” J. Exp. Biol. 201, 1307–1313 (1998).

Lee, K. Y.

Leertouwer, H. L.

D. G. Stavenga, H. L. Leertouwer, P. Pirih, and M. F. Wehling, “Imaging scatterometry of butterfly wing scales,” Opt. Express 17(1), 193–202 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Levine, D.

D. Levine and P. Steinhardt, “Quasicrystals: A New Class of Ordered Structures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 53(26), 2477–2480 (1984).
[Crossref]

Li, A. P.

A. P. Li, F. Müller, and U. Gösele, “Electrochem. “Polycrystalline and Monocrystalline Pore Arrays with Large Interpore Distance in Anodic Alumina,” Solid-St. 3, 155112 (2000).

Lin, C. H.

Linden, S.

Lousse, V.

Mark, G.

Márk, G. I.

Mayer, T. S.

McKenzie, D.

A. Parker, D. McKenzie, and M. Large, “Multilayer reflectors in animals using green and gold beetles as contrasting examples,” J. Exp. Biol. 201, 1307–1313 (1998).

Michielsen, K.

K. Michielsen and D. G. Stavenga, “Gyroid cuticular structures in butterfly wing scales: biological photonic crystals,” J. R. Soc. Interface 5(18), 85–94 (2008).
[Crossref]

Mishchenko, L.

Miyazaki, H.

Miyazaki, H. T.

Mochrie, S. G. J.

Müller, F.

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V. Sharma, M. Crne, J. O. Park, and M. Srinivasarao, “Structural origin of circularly polarized iridescence in jeweled beetles,” Science 325(5939), 449–451 (2009).
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[Crossref]

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V. Sharma, M. Crne, J. O. Park, and M. Srinivasarao, “Structural origin of circularly polarized iridescence in jeweled beetles,” Science 325(5939), 449–451 (2009).
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[Crossref] [PubMed]

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P. Vukusic and D. G. Stavenga, “Physical methods for investigating structural colours in biological systems,” J. R. Soc. Interface 6(Suppl 2), S133–S148 (2009).
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T. M. Trzeciak and P. Vukusic, “Photonic crystal fiber in the polychaete worm Pherusa sp,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 80(6), 061908 (2009).
[Crossref]

P. Vukusic, B. Hallam, and J. Noyes, “Brilliant whiteness in ultrathin beetle scales,” Science 315(5810), 348 (2007).
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P. Vukusic and J. R. Sambles, “Photonic structures in biology,” Nature 424(6950), 852–855 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Wehling, M. F.

D. G. Stavenga, H. L. Leertouwer, P. Pirih, and M. F. Wehling, “Imaging scatterometry of butterfly wing scales,” Opt. Express 17(1), 193–202 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Welch, V.

Yoshioka, S.

S. Kinoshita, S. Yoshioka, Y. Fujii, and N. Okamoto, “Photophysics of structural color in the Morpho butterflies,” Forma 17, 103–121 (2002).

Yu, C. C.

Zhang, H.

J. Jágerská, H. Zhang, Z. Diao, N. L. Thomas, and R. Houdré, “Refractive index sensing with an air-slot photonic crystal nanocavity,” Opt. Lett. 35(15), 2523–2525 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zoorob, M.

Adv. Mater. (1)

T. Ding, K. Song, K. Clays, and C. H. Tung, “Fabrication of 3D Photonic Crystals of Ellipsoids: Convective Self-Assembly in Magnetic Field,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1936–1940 (2009).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

Chem. Rev. (1)

M. Srinivasarao, “Nano-Optics in the Biological World: Beetles, Butterflies, Birds, and Moths,” Chem. Rev. 99(7), 1935–1962 (1999).
[Crossref]

Forma (1)

S. Kinoshita, S. Yoshioka, Y. Fujii, and N. Okamoto, “Photophysics of structural color in the Morpho butterflies,” Forma 17, 103–121 (2002).

J. Appl. Phys. (1)

J. Exp. Biol. (2)

A. Parker, D. McKenzie, and M. Large, “Multilayer reflectors in animals using green and gold beetles as contrasting examples,” J. Exp. Biol. 201, 1307–1313 (1998).

J. R. Soc. Interface (4)

K. Michielsen and D. G. Stavenga, “Gyroid cuticular structures in butterfly wing scales: biological photonic crystals,” J. R. Soc. Interface 5(18), 85–94 (2008).
[Crossref]

P. Vukusic and D. G. Stavenga, “Physical methods for investigating structural colours in biological systems,” J. R. Soc. Interface 6(Suppl 2), S133–S148 (2009).
[PubMed]

J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B (1)

C. C. Cheng and A. Scherer, “New fabrication techniques for high quality photonic crystals,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 15(6), 2764–2767 (1997).
[Crossref]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1)

Mater. Sci. Eng. B (1)

Mater. Sci. Eng. C (1)

Nat. Mater. (2)

Nat. Phys. (1)

H. Altug, D. EnglUnd, and J. Vučković, “Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser,” Nat. Phys. 2(7), 484–488 (2006).
[Crossref]

Nature (1)

P. Vukusic and J. R. Sambles, “Photonic structures in biology,” Nature 424(6950), 852–855 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (3)

D. G. Stavenga, H. L. Leertouwer, P. Pirih, and M. F. Wehling, “Imaging scatterometry of butterfly wing scales,” Opt. Express 17(1), 193–202 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (1)

J. Jágerská, H. Zhang, Z. Diao, N. L. Thomas, and R. Houdré, “Refractive index sensing with an air-slot photonic crystal nanocavity,” Opt. Lett. 35(15), 2523–2525 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. B (1)

M. Florescu, S. Torquato, and P. Steinhardt, “Complete band gaps in two-dimensional photonic quasicrystals,” Phys. Rev. B 80(15), 155112 (2009).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. (4)

T. M. Trzeciak and P. Vukusic, “Photonic crystal fiber in the polychaete worm Pherusa sp,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 80(6), 061908 (2009).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

D. Levine and P. Steinhardt, “Quasicrystals: A New Class of Ordered Structures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 53(26), 2477–2480 (1984).
[Crossref]

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2)

Sci. Am. (1)

E. J. Denton, “Reflectors in fishes,” Sci. Am. 224(1), 64–72 (1971).
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Science (3)

J. C. Knight, J. Broeng, T. A. Birks, and P. S. J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fibers,” Science 282(5393), 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Vukusic, B. Hallam, and J. Noyes, “Brilliant whiteness in ultrathin beetle scales,” Science 315(5810), 348 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Sharma, M. Crne, J. O. Park, and M. Srinivasarao, “Structural origin of circularly polarized iridescence in jeweled beetles,” Science 325(5939), 449–451 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Solid-St. (1)

A. P. Li, F. Müller, and U. Gösele, “Electrochem. “Polycrystalline and Monocrystalline Pore Arrays with Large Interpore Distance in Anodic Alumina,” Solid-St. 3, 155112 (2000).

Other (5)

P. Vukusic, and J. R. Sambles, “Shedding light on butterfly wings” Proc. SPIE 4438, 0277–786X/01 (2001).

M. C. Hutley, Diffraction Gratings, Techniques of Physics 6 (Academic Press, London, 1982).

A. Okabe, B. Boots, K. Sugihara, and S. N. Chiu, Spatial Tessellations-Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams (Second Edition). (John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 2000).

J. D. Joannopoulos, S. G. Johnson, J. N. Winn, and R. D. Meade, Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light (Second Edition) (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2008).

S. Kinoshita, Structural Colours in the Realm of Nature (World Scientific, Singapore, 2008).

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Fig. 1

(a) The weevil Eupholus magnificus. The elytra are marked by yellow and blue bands, with a diameter of a few mm, due to differently coloured scales. The coloured stripes alternate with dark bands where there are no scales present on the weevil’s elytra: bar 4 mm. (b) Epi-illumination of the scales in the yellow elytral bands shows highly domained scales: bar 50 µm. (c) The scales in the blue bands are more or less homogenous in coloration: bar 50 µm.

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Fig. 2

Reflectance spectra of E. magnificus. (a) Spectra obtained from an area of the yellow (red curve) and blue (black curve) band of the elytra (inset), measured with a bifurcated probe spectrometer. (b) Epi-illumination microspectrophotometry (MSP) of various domains of a yellow scale (inset: a yellow scale showing the many coloured domains). (c) MSP of a blue scale rotated insteps of 2°.

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Fig. 3

Scattering patterns from the yellow (a) and blue (b) scales of E. magnificus. From left to right the scales were rotated in steps of 10° (the red rings represent scattering angles of 5°, 30°, 60° and 90°).

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Fig. 4

SEM images of a yellow scale (a, b) and a blue scale (c, d) of E. magnificus, cross-sectioned using FIB milling. Below the ridged surfaces (a, c), in the yellow scale a highly ordered periodic 3D-lattice exists (b), whereas in the blue scale the lattice is quasi-ordered (d). (a, c): bar 10 µm, (b, d): bar 2 µm.

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Fig. 5

Fourier transforms of the photonic nanostructures within the yellow scales (a) and blue scales (b) of E. magnificus.

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Fig. 6

Photonic band diagram of an ideal inverse FCC photonic crystal with cubic supercell length a = 368 nm and radius of air spheres r = 100 nm. The striped boxes highlight the partial band-gaps at the X, L and K points corresponding to the reflectance maxima shown in Fig. 2b.

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Equations (1)

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S = \frac{\sum P_{n} \ln (P_{n})}{\ln (N)}