Upconversion fiber-optic confocal microscopy under near-infrared pumping

Abstract

We present a simple upconversion fiber-optic confocal microscope design using a near-infrared laser for pumping of a rare-earth-doped glass powder. The nonlinear optical frequency conversion process is highly efficient with more than 2% upconversion fluorescence efficiency at a near-infrared pumping wavelength of $1.55\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$. The upconversion confocal design allows the use of conventional Si detectors and $1.55\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$ near-infrared pump light. The lateral and axial resolutions of the system were equal to or better than 1.10 and $13.11\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$, respectively.

© 2008 Optical Society of America

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