Highly sensitive biosensor based on UV-imprinted layered polymeric–inorganic composite waveguides

S. J. Pearce, M. D. B. Charlton, J. Hiltunen, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, and J. S. Wilkinson, “Structural characteristics and optical properties of plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtered dielectric thin films for planar waveguiding applications,” Surf. Coat. Tech. 206(23), 4930–4939 (2012).
[Crossref]

X. Tu, J. Song, T. Y. Liow, M. K. Park, J. Q. Yiying, J. S. Kee, M. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Thermal independent silicon-nitride slot waveguide biosensor with high sensitivity,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2640–2648 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wang, S. Uusitalo, C. Liedert, J. Hiltunen, L. Hakalahti, and R. Myllylä, “Polymeric dual-slab waveguide interferometer for biochemical sensing applications,” Appl. Opt. 51(12), 1886–1893 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Sun, M. Y. Chen, Y. K. Zhang, J. C. Yang, J. Q. Yao, and H. X. Cui, “Microstructured-core photonic-crystal fiber for ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing,” Opt. Express 19(5), 4091–4100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Zinoviev, A. Gonzáez-Guerrero, C. Domíguez, and L. Lechuga, “Integrated bimodal waveguide interferometric biosensor for label-free analysis,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(13), 1926–1930 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, P. Karioja, S. Pearce, M. Charlton, M. Wang, J. Puustinen, and J. Lappalainen, “Manipulation of optical field distribution in layered composite polymeric-inorganic waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(11), 111113 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Wang, J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, P. Karioja, and R. Myllylä, “Fabrication of optical inverted-rib waveguides using UV-imprinting,” Microelectron. Eng. 88(2), 175–178 (2011).
[Crossref]

R. Bruck, E. Melnik, P. Muellner, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Integrated polymer-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer label-free streptavidin biosensor compatible with injection molding,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(9), 3832–3837 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Melnik, R. Bruck, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Multi-step surface functionalization of polyimide based evanescent wave photonic biosensors and application for DNA hybridization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” Anal. Chim. Acta 699(2), 206–215 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.-W. Kim, K. J. Kim, J. A. Yi, and M.-C. Oh, “Polymer waveguide label-free biosensors with enhanced sensitivity by incorporating low-refractive-index polymers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(4), 973–980 (2010).

G.-D. Kim, G.-S. Son, H.-S. Lee, K.-D. Kim, and S.-S. Lee, “Integrated photonic glucose biosensor using a vertically coupled microring resonator in polymers,” Opt. Commun. 281(18), 4644–4647 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. R. Cassidy and G. H. Cross, “Picometer resolution wavelength tracking in the C -band using an InP–InGaAsP dual-slab interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(14), 1075–1077 (2007).
[Crossref]

K. Schmitt, B. Schirmer, C. Hoffmann, A. Brandenburg, and P. Meyrueis, “Interferometric biosensor based on planar optical waveguide sensor chips for label-free detection of surface bound bioreactions,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(11), 2591–2597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-Y. Chao, W. Fung, and L. J. Guo, “Polymer microring resonators for biochemical sensing applications,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12(1), 134–142 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. Lin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, L.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Lee, B.-C. Sheu, and S.-M. Hsu, “Measurement of dimensions of pentagonal doughnut-shaped C-reactive protein using an atomic force microscope and a dual polarisation interferometric biosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(2), 323–327 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M.-S. Kwon and S.-Y. Shin, “Refractive index sensitivity measurement of a long-period waveguide grating,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(9), 1923–1925 (2005).
[Crossref]

J. Vörös, “The density and refractive index of adsorbing protein layers,” Biophys. J. 87(1), 553–561 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Shioda, N. Takamatsu, K. Suzuki, and S. Shichijyo, “Influence of water sorption on refractive index of fluorinated polyimide,” Polymer (Guildf.) 44(1), 137–142 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. Ymeti, J. S. Kanger, R. Wijn, P. V. Lambeck, and J. Greve, “Development of a multichannel integrated interferometer immunosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 83(1-3), 1–7 (2002).
[Crossref]

G. H. Cross, Y. Ren, and N. J. Freeman, “Young’s fringes from vertically integrated slab waveguides: applications to humidity sensing,” J. Appl. Phys. 86(11), 6483–6488 (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Watanabe, N. Ooba, Y. Hida, and M. Hikita, “Influence of humidity on refractive index of polymers for optical waveguide and its temperature dependence,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(13), 1533–1535 (1998).
[Crossref]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Lukosz, “Principles and sensitivities of integrated optical and surface plasmon sensors for direct affinity sensing and immunosensing,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 6(3), 215–225 (1991).
[Crossref]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Schmitt, B. Schirmer, C. Hoffmann, A. Brandenburg, and P. Meyrueis, “Interferometric biosensor based on planar optical waveguide sensor chips for label-free detection of surface bound bioreactions,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(11), 2591–2597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Bruck, E. Melnik, P. Muellner, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Integrated polymer-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer label-free streptavidin biosensor compatible with injection molding,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(9), 3832–3837 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Melnik, R. Bruck, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Multi-step surface functionalization of polyimide based evanescent wave photonic biosensors and application for DNA hybridization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” Anal. Chim. Acta 699(2), 206–215 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. R. Cassidy and G. H. Cross, “Picometer resolution wavelength tracking in the C -band using an InP–InGaAsP dual-slab interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(14), 1075–1077 (2007).
[Crossref]

C.-Y. Chao, W. Fung, and L. J. Guo, “Polymer microring resonators for biochemical sensing applications,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12(1), 134–142 (2006).
[Crossref]

J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, P. Karioja, S. Pearce, M. Charlton, M. Wang, J. Puustinen, and J. Lappalainen, “Manipulation of optical field distribution in layered composite polymeric-inorganic waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(11), 111113 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. J. Pearce, M. D. B. Charlton, J. Hiltunen, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, and J. S. Wilkinson, “Structural characteristics and optical properties of plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtered dielectric thin films for planar waveguiding applications,” Surf. Coat. Tech. 206(23), 4930–4939 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Sun, M. Y. Chen, Y. K. Zhang, J. C. Yang, J. Q. Yao, and H. X. Cui, “Microstructured-core photonic-crystal fiber for ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing,” Opt. Express 19(5), 4091–4100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. R. Cassidy and G. H. Cross, “Picometer resolution wavelength tracking in the C -band using an InP–InGaAsP dual-slab interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(14), 1075–1077 (2007).
[Crossref]

G. H. Cross, Y. Ren, and N. J. Freeman, “Young’s fringes from vertically integrated slab waveguides: applications to humidity sensing,” J. Appl. Phys. 86(11), 6483–6488 (1999).
[Crossref]

B. Sun, M. Y. Chen, Y. K. Zhang, J. C. Yang, J. Q. Yao, and H. X. Cui, “Microstructured-core photonic-crystal fiber for ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing,” Opt. Express 19(5), 4091–4100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Zinoviev, A. Gonzáez-Guerrero, C. Domíguez, and L. Lechuga, “Integrated bimodal waveguide interferometric biosensor for label-free analysis,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(13), 1926–1930 (2011).
[Crossref]

G. H. Cross, Y. Ren, and N. J. Freeman, “Young’s fringes from vertically integrated slab waveguides: applications to humidity sensing,” J. Appl. Phys. 86(11), 6483–6488 (1999).
[Crossref]

C.-Y. Chao, W. Fung, and L. J. Guo, “Polymer microring resonators for biochemical sensing applications,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12(1), 134–142 (2006).
[Crossref]

K. Zinoviev, A. Gonzáez-Guerrero, C. Domíguez, and L. Lechuga, “Integrated bimodal waveguide interferometric biosensor for label-free analysis,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(13), 1926–1930 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Ymeti, J. S. Kanger, R. Wijn, P. V. Lambeck, and J. Greve, “Development of a multichannel integrated interferometer immunosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 83(1-3), 1–7 (2002).
[Crossref]

C.-Y. Chao, W. Fung, and L. J. Guo, “Polymer microring resonators for biochemical sensing applications,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12(1), 134–142 (2006).
[Crossref]

R. Bruck, E. Melnik, P. Muellner, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Integrated polymer-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer label-free streptavidin biosensor compatible with injection molding,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(9), 3832–3837 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Melnik, R. Bruck, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Multi-step surface functionalization of polyimide based evanescent wave photonic biosensors and application for DNA hybridization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” Anal. Chim. Acta 699(2), 206–215 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wang, S. Uusitalo, C. Liedert, J. Hiltunen, L. Hakalahti, and R. Myllylä, “Polymeric dual-slab waveguide interferometer for biochemical sensing applications,” Appl. Opt. 51(12), 1886–1893 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Watanabe, N. Ooba, Y. Hida, and M. Hikita, “Influence of humidity on refractive index of polymers for optical waveguide and its temperature dependence,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(13), 1533–1535 (1998).
[Crossref]

T. Watanabe, N. Ooba, Y. Hida, and M. Hikita, “Influence of humidity on refractive index of polymers for optical waveguide and its temperature dependence,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(13), 1533–1535 (1998).
[Crossref]

S. J. Pearce, M. D. B. Charlton, J. Hiltunen, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, and J. S. Wilkinson, “Structural characteristics and optical properties of plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtered dielectric thin films for planar waveguiding applications,” Surf. Coat. Tech. 206(23), 4930–4939 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Wang, S. Uusitalo, C. Liedert, J. Hiltunen, L. Hakalahti, and R. Myllylä, “Polymeric dual-slab waveguide interferometer for biochemical sensing applications,” Appl. Opt. 51(12), 1886–1893 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wang, J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, P. Karioja, and R. Myllylä, “Fabrication of optical inverted-rib waveguides using UV-imprinting,” Microelectron. Eng. 88(2), 175–178 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, P. Karioja, S. Pearce, M. Charlton, M. Wang, J. Puustinen, and J. Lappalainen, “Manipulation of optical field distribution in layered composite polymeric-inorganic waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(11), 111113 (2011).
[Crossref]

K. Schmitt, B. Schirmer, C. Hoffmann, A. Brandenburg, and P. Meyrueis, “Interferometric biosensor based on planar optical waveguide sensor chips for label-free detection of surface bound bioreactions,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(11), 2591–2597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Lin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, L.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Lee, B.-C. Sheu, and S.-M. Hsu, “Measurement of dimensions of pentagonal doughnut-shaped C-reactive protein using an atomic force microscope and a dual polarisation interferometric biosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(2), 323–327 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Lin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, L.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Lee, B.-C. Sheu, and S.-M. Hsu, “Measurement of dimensions of pentagonal doughnut-shaped C-reactive protein using an atomic force microscope and a dual polarisation interferometric biosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(2), 323–327 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Ymeti, J. S. Kanger, R. Wijn, P. V. Lambeck, and J. Greve, “Development of a multichannel integrated interferometer immunosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 83(1-3), 1–7 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, P. Karioja, S. Pearce, M. Charlton, M. Wang, J. Puustinen, and J. Lappalainen, “Manipulation of optical field distribution in layered composite polymeric-inorganic waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(11), 111113 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Wang, J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, P. Karioja, and R. Myllylä, “Fabrication of optical inverted-rib waveguides using UV-imprinting,” Microelectron. Eng. 88(2), 175–178 (2011).
[Crossref]

X. Tu, J. Song, T. Y. Liow, M. K. Park, J. Q. Yiying, J. S. Kee, M. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Thermal independent silicon-nitride slot waveguide biosensor with high sensitivity,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2640–2648 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G.-D. Kim, G.-S. Son, H.-S. Lee, K.-D. Kim, and S.-S. Lee, “Integrated photonic glucose biosensor using a vertically coupled microring resonator in polymers,” Opt. Commun. 281(18), 4644–4647 (2008).
[Crossref]

J.-W. Kim, K. J. Kim, J. A. Yi, and M.-C. Oh, “Polymer waveguide label-free biosensors with enhanced sensitivity by incorporating low-refractive-index polymers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(4), 973–980 (2010).

J.-W. Kim, K. J. Kim, J. A. Yi, and M.-C. Oh, “Polymer waveguide label-free biosensors with enhanced sensitivity by incorporating low-refractive-index polymers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(4), 973–980 (2010).

G.-D. Kim, G.-S. Son, H.-S. Lee, K.-D. Kim, and S.-S. Lee, “Integrated photonic glucose biosensor using a vertically coupled microring resonator in polymers,” Opt. Commun. 281(18), 4644–4647 (2008).
[Crossref]

M.-S. Kwon and S.-Y. Shin, “Refractive index sensitivity measurement of a long-period waveguide grating,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(9), 1923–1925 (2005).
[Crossref]

A. Ymeti, J. S. Kanger, R. Wijn, P. V. Lambeck, and J. Greve, “Development of a multichannel integrated interferometer immunosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 83(1-3), 1–7 (2002).
[Crossref]

R. Bruck, E. Melnik, P. Muellner, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Integrated polymer-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer label-free streptavidin biosensor compatible with injection molding,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(9), 3832–3837 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Melnik, R. Bruck, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Multi-step surface functionalization of polyimide based evanescent wave photonic biosensors and application for DNA hybridization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” Anal. Chim. Acta 699(2), 206–215 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Pearce, M. D. B. Charlton, J. Hiltunen, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, and J. S. Wilkinson, “Structural characteristics and optical properties of plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtered dielectric thin films for planar waveguiding applications,” Surf. Coat. Tech. 206(23), 4930–4939 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Wang, J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, P. Karioja, and R. Myllylä, “Fabrication of optical inverted-rib waveguides using UV-imprinting,” Microelectron. Eng. 88(2), 175–178 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, P. Karioja, S. Pearce, M. Charlton, M. Wang, J. Puustinen, and J. Lappalainen, “Manipulation of optical field distribution in layered composite polymeric-inorganic waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(11), 111113 (2011).
[Crossref]

K. Zinoviev, A. Gonzáez-Guerrero, C. Domíguez, and L. Lechuga, “Integrated bimodal waveguide interferometric biosensor for label-free analysis,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(13), 1926–1930 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. Lin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, L.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Lee, B.-C. Sheu, and S.-M. Hsu, “Measurement of dimensions of pentagonal doughnut-shaped C-reactive protein using an atomic force microscope and a dual polarisation interferometric biosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(2), 323–327 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G.-D. Kim, G.-S. Son, H.-S. Lee, K.-D. Kim, and S.-S. Lee, “Integrated photonic glucose biosensor using a vertically coupled microring resonator in polymers,” Opt. Commun. 281(18), 4644–4647 (2008).
[Crossref]

G.-D. Kim, G.-S. Son, H.-S. Lee, K.-D. Kim, and S.-S. Lee, “Integrated photonic glucose biosensor using a vertically coupled microring resonator in polymers,” Opt. Commun. 281(18), 4644–4647 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. Lin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, L.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Lee, B.-C. Sheu, and S.-M. Hsu, “Measurement of dimensions of pentagonal doughnut-shaped C-reactive protein using an atomic force microscope and a dual polarisation interferometric biosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(2), 323–327 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wang, S. Uusitalo, C. Liedert, J. Hiltunen, L. Hakalahti, and R. Myllylä, “Polymeric dual-slab waveguide interferometer for biochemical sensing applications,” Appl. Opt. 51(12), 1886–1893 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Lin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, L.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Lee, B.-C. Sheu, and S.-M. Hsu, “Measurement of dimensions of pentagonal doughnut-shaped C-reactive protein using an atomic force microscope and a dual polarisation interferometric biosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(2), 323–327 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Lin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, L.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Lee, B.-C. Sheu, and S.-M. Hsu, “Measurement of dimensions of pentagonal doughnut-shaped C-reactive protein using an atomic force microscope and a dual polarisation interferometric biosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(2), 323–327 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Tu, J. Song, T. Y. Liow, M. K. Park, J. Q. Yiying, J. S. Kee, M. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Thermal independent silicon-nitride slot waveguide biosensor with high sensitivity,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2640–2648 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Tu, J. Song, T. Y. Liow, M. K. Park, J. Q. Yiying, J. S. Kee, M. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Thermal independent silicon-nitride slot waveguide biosensor with high sensitivity,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2640–2648 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Lukosz, “Principles and sensitivities of integrated optical and surface plasmon sensors for direct affinity sensing and immunosensing,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 6(3), 215–225 (1991).
[Crossref]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Melnik, R. Bruck, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Multi-step surface functionalization of polyimide based evanescent wave photonic biosensors and application for DNA hybridization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” Anal. Chim. Acta 699(2), 206–215 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Bruck, E. Melnik, P. Muellner, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Integrated polymer-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer label-free streptavidin biosensor compatible with injection molding,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(9), 3832–3837 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Schmitt, B. Schirmer, C. Hoffmann, A. Brandenburg, and P. Meyrueis, “Interferometric biosensor based on planar optical waveguide sensor chips for label-free detection of surface bound bioreactions,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(11), 2591–2597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Bruck, E. Melnik, P. Muellner, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Integrated polymer-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer label-free streptavidin biosensor compatible with injection molding,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(9), 3832–3837 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wang, S. Uusitalo, C. Liedert, J. Hiltunen, L. Hakalahti, and R. Myllylä, “Polymeric dual-slab waveguide interferometer for biochemical sensing applications,” Appl. Opt. 51(12), 1886–1893 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wang, J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, P. Karioja, and R. Myllylä, “Fabrication of optical inverted-rib waveguides using UV-imprinting,” Microelectron. Eng. 88(2), 175–178 (2011).
[Crossref]

J.-W. Kim, K. J. Kim, J. A. Yi, and M.-C. Oh, “Polymer waveguide label-free biosensors with enhanced sensitivity by incorporating low-refractive-index polymers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(4), 973–980 (2010).

T. Watanabe, N. Ooba, Y. Hida, and M. Hikita, “Influence of humidity on refractive index of polymers for optical waveguide and its temperature dependence,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(13), 1533–1535 (1998).
[Crossref]

X. Tu, J. Song, T. Y. Liow, M. K. Park, J. Q. Yiying, J. S. Kee, M. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Thermal independent silicon-nitride slot waveguide biosensor with high sensitivity,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2640–2648 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, P. Karioja, S. Pearce, M. Charlton, M. Wang, J. Puustinen, and J. Lappalainen, “Manipulation of optical field distribution in layered composite polymeric-inorganic waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(11), 111113 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. J. Pearce, M. D. B. Charlton, J. Hiltunen, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, and J. S. Wilkinson, “Structural characteristics and optical properties of plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtered dielectric thin films for planar waveguiding applications,” Surf. Coat. Tech. 206(23), 4930–4939 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Pearce, M. D. B. Charlton, J. Hiltunen, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, and J. S. Wilkinson, “Structural characteristics and optical properties of plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtered dielectric thin films for planar waveguiding applications,” Surf. Coat. Tech. 206(23), 4930–4939 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Wang, J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, P. Karioja, and R. Myllylä, “Fabrication of optical inverted-rib waveguides using UV-imprinting,” Microelectron. Eng. 88(2), 175–178 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, P. Karioja, S. Pearce, M. Charlton, M. Wang, J. Puustinen, and J. Lappalainen, “Manipulation of optical field distribution in layered composite polymeric-inorganic waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(11), 111113 (2011).
[Crossref]

G. H. Cross, Y. Ren, and N. J. Freeman, “Young’s fringes from vertically integrated slab waveguides: applications to humidity sensing,” J. Appl. Phys. 86(11), 6483–6488 (1999).
[Crossref]

K. Schmitt, B. Schirmer, C. Hoffmann, A. Brandenburg, and P. Meyrueis, “Interferometric biosensor based on planar optical waveguide sensor chips for label-free detection of surface bound bioreactions,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(11), 2591–2597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Schmitt, B. Schirmer, C. Hoffmann, A. Brandenburg, and P. Meyrueis, “Interferometric biosensor based on planar optical waveguide sensor chips for label-free detection of surface bound bioreactions,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(11), 2591–2597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Lin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, L.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Lee, B.-C. Sheu, and S.-M. Hsu, “Measurement of dimensions of pentagonal doughnut-shaped C-reactive protein using an atomic force microscope and a dual polarisation interferometric biosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(2), 323–327 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Shioda, N. Takamatsu, K. Suzuki, and S. Shichijyo, “Influence of water sorption on refractive index of fluorinated polyimide,” Polymer (Guildf.) 44(1), 137–142 (2003).
[Crossref]

M.-S. Kwon and S.-Y. Shin, “Refractive index sensitivity measurement of a long-period waveguide grating,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(9), 1923–1925 (2005).
[Crossref]

T. Shioda, N. Takamatsu, K. Suzuki, and S. Shichijyo, “Influence of water sorption on refractive index of fluorinated polyimide,” Polymer (Guildf.) 44(1), 137–142 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G.-D. Kim, G.-S. Son, H.-S. Lee, K.-D. Kim, and S.-S. Lee, “Integrated photonic glucose biosensor using a vertically coupled microring resonator in polymers,” Opt. Commun. 281(18), 4644–4647 (2008).
[Crossref]

X. Tu, J. Song, T. Y. Liow, M. K. Park, J. Q. Yiying, J. S. Kee, M. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Thermal independent silicon-nitride slot waveguide biosensor with high sensitivity,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2640–2648 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Sun, M. Y. Chen, Y. K. Zhang, J. C. Yang, J. Q. Yao, and H. X. Cui, “Microstructured-core photonic-crystal fiber for ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing,” Opt. Express 19(5), 4091–4100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Shioda, N. Takamatsu, K. Suzuki, and S. Shichijyo, “Influence of water sorption on refractive index of fluorinated polyimide,” Polymer (Guildf.) 44(1), 137–142 (2003).
[Crossref]

T. Shioda, N. Takamatsu, K. Suzuki, and S. Shichijyo, “Influence of water sorption on refractive index of fluorinated polyimide,” Polymer (Guildf.) 44(1), 137–142 (2003).
[Crossref]

X. Tu, J. Song, T. Y. Liow, M. K. Park, J. Q. Yiying, J. S. Kee, M. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Thermal independent silicon-nitride slot waveguide biosensor with high sensitivity,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2640–2648 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wang, S. Uusitalo, C. Liedert, J. Hiltunen, L. Hakalahti, and R. Myllylä, “Polymeric dual-slab waveguide interferometer for biochemical sensing applications,” Appl. Opt. 51(12), 1886–1893 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, P. Karioja, S. Pearce, M. Charlton, M. Wang, J. Puustinen, and J. Lappalainen, “Manipulation of optical field distribution in layered composite polymeric-inorganic waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(11), 111113 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Wang, J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, P. Karioja, and R. Myllylä, “Fabrication of optical inverted-rib waveguides using UV-imprinting,” Microelectron. Eng. 88(2), 175–178 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Vörös, “The density and refractive index of adsorbing protein layers,” Biophys. J. 87(1), 553–561 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wang, S. Uusitalo, C. Liedert, J. Hiltunen, L. Hakalahti, and R. Myllylä, “Polymeric dual-slab waveguide interferometer for biochemical sensing applications,” Appl. Opt. 51(12), 1886–1893 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wang, J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, P. Karioja, and R. Myllylä, “Fabrication of optical inverted-rib waveguides using UV-imprinting,” Microelectron. Eng. 88(2), 175–178 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, P. Karioja, S. Pearce, M. Charlton, M. Wang, J. Puustinen, and J. Lappalainen, “Manipulation of optical field distribution in layered composite polymeric-inorganic waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(11), 111113 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. Lin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, L.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Lee, B.-C. Sheu, and S.-M. Hsu, “Measurement of dimensions of pentagonal doughnut-shaped C-reactive protein using an atomic force microscope and a dual polarisation interferometric biosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(2), 323–327 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Watanabe, N. Ooba, Y. Hida, and M. Hikita, “Influence of humidity on refractive index of polymers for optical waveguide and its temperature dependence,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(13), 1533–1535 (1998).
[Crossref]

A. Ymeti, J. S. Kanger, R. Wijn, P. V. Lambeck, and J. Greve, “Development of a multichannel integrated interferometer immunosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 83(1-3), 1–7 (2002).
[Crossref]

S. J. Pearce, M. D. B. Charlton, J. Hiltunen, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, and J. S. Wilkinson, “Structural characteristics and optical properties of plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtered dielectric thin films for planar waveguiding applications,” Surf. Coat. Tech. 206(23), 4930–4939 (2012).
[Crossref]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Sun, M. Y. Chen, Y. K. Zhang, J. C. Yang, J. Q. Yao, and H. X. Cui, “Microstructured-core photonic-crystal fiber for ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing,” Opt. Express 19(5), 4091–4100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Sun, M. Y. Chen, Y. K. Zhang, J. C. Yang, J. Q. Yao, and H. X. Cui, “Microstructured-core photonic-crystal fiber for ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing,” Opt. Express 19(5), 4091–4100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.-W. Kim, K. J. Kim, J. A. Yi, and M.-C. Oh, “Polymer waveguide label-free biosensors with enhanced sensitivity by incorporating low-refractive-index polymers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(4), 973–980 (2010).

X. Tu, J. Song, T. Y. Liow, M. K. Park, J. Q. Yiying, J. S. Kee, M. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Thermal independent silicon-nitride slot waveguide biosensor with high sensitivity,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2640–2648 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Ymeti, J. S. Kanger, R. Wijn, P. V. Lambeck, and J. Greve, “Development of a multichannel integrated interferometer immunosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 83(1-3), 1–7 (2002).
[Crossref]

X. Tu, J. Song, T. Y. Liow, M. K. Park, J. Q. Yiying, J. S. Kee, M. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Thermal independent silicon-nitride slot waveguide biosensor with high sensitivity,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2640–2648 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Sun, M. Y. Chen, Y. K. Zhang, J. C. Yang, J. Q. Yao, and H. X. Cui, “Microstructured-core photonic-crystal fiber for ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing,” Opt. Express 19(5), 4091–4100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Zinoviev, A. Gonzáez-Guerrero, C. Domíguez, and L. Lechuga, “Integrated bimodal waveguide interferometric biosensor for label-free analysis,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(13), 1926–1930 (2011).
[Crossref]

E. Melnik, R. Bruck, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Multi-step surface functionalization of polyimide based evanescent wave photonic biosensors and application for DNA hybridization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” Anal. Chim. Acta 699(2), 206–215 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wang, S. Uusitalo, C. Liedert, J. Hiltunen, L. Hakalahti, and R. Myllylä, “Polymeric dual-slab waveguide interferometer for biochemical sensing applications,” Appl. Opt. 51(12), 1886–1893 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, P. Karioja, S. Pearce, M. Charlton, M. Wang, J. Puustinen, and J. Lappalainen, “Manipulation of optical field distribution in layered composite polymeric-inorganic waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(11), 111113 (2011).
[Crossref]

T. Watanabe, N. Ooba, Y. Hida, and M. Hikita, “Influence of humidity on refractive index of polymers for optical waveguide and its temperature dependence,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(13), 1533–1535 (1998).
[Crossref]

J. Vörös, “The density and refractive index of adsorbing protein layers,” Biophys. J. 87(1), 553–561 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Lin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-M. Wang, L.-S. Huang, Y.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Lee, B.-C. Sheu, and S.-M. Hsu, “Measurement of dimensions of pentagonal doughnut-shaped C-reactive protein using an atomic force microscope and a dual polarisation interferometric biosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(2), 323–327 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Lukosz, “Principles and sensitivities of integrated optical and surface plasmon sensors for direct affinity sensing and immunosensing,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 6(3), 215–225 (1991).
[Crossref]

R. Bruck, E. Melnik, P. Muellner, R. Hainberger, and M. Lämmerhofer, “Integrated polymer-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer label-free streptavidin biosensor compatible with injection molding,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(9), 3832–3837 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Schmitt, B. Schirmer, C. Hoffmann, A. Brandenburg, and P. Meyrueis, “Interferometric biosensor based on planar optical waveguide sensor chips for label-free detection of surface bound bioreactions,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 22(11), 2591–2597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-Y. Chao, W. Fung, and L. J. Guo, “Polymer microring resonators for biochemical sensing applications,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12(1), 134–142 (2006).
[Crossref]

J.-W. Kim, K. J. Kim, J. A. Yi, and M.-C. Oh, “Polymer waveguide label-free biosensors with enhanced sensitivity by incorporating low-refractive-index polymers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(4), 973–980 (2010).

D. R. Cassidy and G. H. Cross, “Picometer resolution wavelength tracking in the C -band using an InP–InGaAsP dual-slab interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(14), 1075–1077 (2007).
[Crossref]

M.-S. Kwon and S.-Y. Shin, “Refractive index sensitivity measurement of a long-period waveguide grating,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(9), 1923–1925 (2005).
[Crossref]

G. H. Cross, Y. Ren, and N. J. Freeman, “Young’s fringes from vertically integrated slab waveguides: applications to humidity sensing,” J. Appl. Phys. 86(11), 6483–6488 (1999).
[Crossref]

K. Zinoviev, A. Gonzáez-Guerrero, C. Domíguez, and L. Lechuga, “Integrated bimodal waveguide interferometric biosensor for label-free analysis,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(13), 1926–1930 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Wang, J. Hiltunen, S. Uusitalo, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, P. Karioja, and R. Myllylä, “Fabrication of optical inverted-rib waveguides using UV-imprinting,” Microelectron. Eng. 88(2), 175–178 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. K. Shrive, G. M. T. Cheetham, D. Holden, D. A. A. Myles, W. G. Turnell, J. E. Volanakis, M. B. Pepys, A. C. Bloomer, and T. J. Greenhough, “Three dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein,” Nat. Struct. Biol. 3(4), 346–354 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G.-D. Kim, G.-S. Son, H.-S. Lee, K.-D. Kim, and S.-S. Lee, “Integrated photonic glucose biosensor using a vertically coupled microring resonator in polymers,” Opt. Commun. 281(18), 4644–4647 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, “Folded cavity SOI microring sensors for high sensitivity and real time measurement of biomolecular binding,” Opt. Express 16(19), 15137–15148 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Tu, J. Song, T. Y. Liow, M. K. Park, J. Q. Yiying, J. S. Kee, M. Yu, and G. Q. Lo, “Thermal independent silicon-nitride slot waveguide biosensor with high sensitivity,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2640–2648 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Sun, M. Y. Chen, Y. K. Zhang, J. C. Yang, J. Q. Yao, and H. X. Cui, “Microstructured-core photonic-crystal fiber for ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing,” Opt. Express 19(5), 4091–4100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D. X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, “Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response,” Opt. Lett. 33(6), 596–598 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Shioda, N. Takamatsu, K. Suzuki, and S. Shichijyo, “Influence of water sorption on refractive index of fluorinated polyimide,” Polymer (Guildf.) 44(1), 137–142 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. Ymeti, J. S. Kanger, R. Wijn, P. V. Lambeck, and J. Greve, “Development of a multichannel integrated interferometer immunosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 83(1-3), 1–7 (2002).
[Crossref]

S. J. Pearce, M. D. B. Charlton, J. Hiltunen, J. Puustinen, J. Lappalainen, and J. S. Wilkinson, “Structural characteristics and optical properties of plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtered dielectric thin films for planar waveguiding applications,” Surf. Coat. Tech. 206(23), 4930–4939 (2012).
[Crossref]

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