Numerical investigations of an optical switch based on a silicon stripe waveguide embedded with vanadium dioxide layers

Lei Chen; Han Ye; Yumin Liu; Dong Wu; Rui Ma; Zhongyuan Yu

doi:10.1364/PRJ.5.000335

Numerical investigations of an optical switch based on a silicon stripe waveguide embedded with vanadium dioxide layers

Lei Chen, Han Ye, Yumin Liu, Dong Wu, Rui Ma, and Zhongyuan Yu

Photonics Research
Vol. 5,
Issue 4,
pp. 335-339
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.5.000335

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Lei Chen, Han Ye, Yumin Liu, Dong Wu, Rui Ma, and Zhongyuan Yu, "Numerical investigations of an optical switch based on a silicon stripe waveguide embedded with vanadium dioxide layers," Photon. Res. 5, 335-339 (2017)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Silicon Photonics
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Optical switching devices (130.4815)
- Metamaterials (160.3918)
- Integrated optics devices (230.3120)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 6, 2017
- Revised Manuscript: April 11, 2017
- Manuscript Accepted: May 4, 2017
- Published: July 10, 2017

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

A novel scheme for the design of an ultra-compact and high-performance optical switch is proposed and investigated numerically. Based on a standard silicon (Si) photonic stripe waveguide, a section of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMM) consisting of 20-pair alternating vanadium dioxide $({VO}_{2}) / Si$ thin layers is inserted to realize the switching of fundamental TE mode propagation. Finite-element-method simulation results show that, with the help of an HMM with a size of $400 nm \times 220 nm \times 200 nm$ ( $width \times height \times length$ ), the ON/OFF switching for fundamental TE mode propagation in an Si waveguide can be characterized by modulation depth (MD) of 5.6 dB and insertion loss (IL) of 1.25 dB. It also allows for a relatively wide operating bandwidth of 215 nm maintaining $MD > 5 dB$ and $IL < 1.25 dB$ . Furthermore, we discuss that the tungsten-doped ${VO}_{2}$ layers could be useful for reducing metal-insulator-transition temperature and thus improving switching performance. In general, our findings may provide some useful ideas for optical switch design and application in an on-chip all-optical communication system with a demanding integration level.

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References

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Publication

C. Wan, T. K. Gaylord, and M. S. Bakir, “Grating design for interlayer optical interconnection of in-plane waveguides,” Appl. Opt. 55, 2601–2610 (2016).
[Crossref]
G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics 4, 518–526 (2010).
[Crossref]
J. Wang, Z. Cheng, Z. Chen, X. Wan, B. Zhu, H. K. Tsang, C. Shu, and J. Xu, “High-responsivity graphene-on-silicon slot waveguide photodetectors,” Nanoscale 8, 13206–13211 (2016).
[Crossref]
K. Wen, Y. Hu, L. Chen, J. Zhou, L. Lei, and Z. Guo, “Design of an optical power and wavelength splitter based on subwavelength waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32, 3020–3026 (2014).
[Crossref]
P. Dastmalchi and G. Veronis, “Plasmonic switches based on subwavelength cavity resonators,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33, 2486–2492 (2016).
[Crossref]
J. Kim, S. Y. Lee, H. Park, K. Lee, and B. Lee, “Reflectionless compact plasmonic waveguide mode converter by using a mode-selective cavity,” Opt. Express 23, 9004–9013 (2015).
[Crossref]
Y. Li and W. P. Huang, “Electrically-pumped plasmonic lasers based on low-loss hybrid SPP waveguide,” Opt. Express 23, 24843–24849 (2015).
[Crossref]
A. Emboras, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, W. Heni, U. Koch, P. Ma, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Electrically controlled plasmonic switches and modulators,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21, 276–283 (2015).
[Crossref]
P. P. Sahu, “Theoretical investigation of all optical switch based on compact surface plasmonic two mode interference coupler,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34, 1300–1305 (2016).
[Crossref]
B. Gholipour, J. Zhang, K. F. MacDonald, D. W. Hewak, and N. I. Zheludev, “An all-optical, non-volatile, bidirectional, phase-change meta-switch,” Adv. Mater. 25, 3050–3054 (2013).
[Crossref]
J. Li, J. Tao, Z. H. Chen, and X. G. Huang, “All-optical controlling based on nonlinear graphene plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 24, 22169–22176 (2016).
[Crossref]
G. X. Ni, L. Wang, M. D. Goldflam, M. Wagner, Z. Fei, A. S. McLeod, M. K. Liu, F. Keilmann, B. Özyilmaz, A. H. C. Neto, J. Hone, M. M. Fogler, and D. N. Basov, “Ultrafast optical switching of infrared plasmon polaritons in high-mobility graphene,” Nat. Photonics 10, 244–247 (2016).
[Crossref]
G. V. Naik, V. M. Shalaev, and A. Boltasseva, “Alternative plasmonic materials: beyond gold and silver,” Adv. Mater. 25, 3264–3294 (2013).
[Crossref]
G. V. Naik, J. Kim, and A. Boltasseva, “Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in the optical range,” Opt. Express 1, 1090–1099 (2011).
[Crossref]
A. Lalisse, G. Tessier, J. Plain, and G. Baffou, “Plasmonic efficiencies of nanoparticles made of metal nitrides (TiN, ZrN) compared with gold,” Sci. Rep. 6, 38647 (2016).
[Crossref]
V. E. Babicheva, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Lavrinenko, “Transparent conducting oxides for electro-optical plasmonic modulators,” Nanophotonics 4, 165–185 (2015).
[Crossref]
C. T. Riley, J. S. T. Smalley, K. W. Post, D. N. Basov, Y. Fainman, D. Wang, Z. Liu, and D. J. Sirbuly, “High-quality, ultraconformal aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoplasmonic and hyperbolic metamaterials,” Small 12, 892–901 (2016).
[Crossref]
R. Alaee, M. Albooyeh, S. Tretyakov, and C. Rockstuhl, “Phase-change material-based nanoantennas with tunable radiation patterns,” Opt. Lett. 41, 4099–4102 (2016).
[Crossref]
P. Shekhar, J. Atkinson, and Z. Jacob, “Hyperbolic metamaterials: fundamentals and applications,” Nano Convergence 1, 14 (2014).
[Crossref]
J. H. Choe and J. T. Kim, “Design of vanadium oxide-based plasmonic modulator for both TE and TM modes,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27, 514–517 (2015).
[Crossref]
S. B. Choi, J. S. Kyoung, H. S. Kim, H. R. Park, B. J. Kim, Y. H. Ahn, F. Rotermund, H. T. Kim, K. J. Ahn, and D. S. Kim, “Nanopattern enabled terahertz all-optical switching on vanadium dioxide thin film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 071105 (2011).
[Crossref]
A. Poddubny, I. Iorsh, P. Belov, and Y. Kivshar, “Hyperbolic metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics 7, 948–957 (2013).
[Crossref]
D. W. Ferrara, E. R. MacQuarrie, V. D. B. J. Nag, A. B. Kaye, and R. F. H. Jr, “Plasmonic enhancement of the vanadium dioxide phase transition induced by low-power laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. A 108, 255–261 (2012).
[Crossref]
L. Chen, Y. Liu, Z. Yu, D. Wu, R. Ma, Y. Zhang, and H. Ye, “Numerical investigations of a near-infrared plasmonic refractive index sensor with extremely high figure of merit and low loss based on the hybrid plasmonic waveguide-nanocavity system,” Opt. Express 24, 23260–23270 (2016).
[Crossref]
M. Kim, J. Jeong, J. K. S. Poon, and G. V. Eleftheriades, “Vanadium-dioxide-assisted digital optical metasurfaces for dynamic wavefront engineering,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33, 980–988 (2016).
[Crossref]
T. Li and J. B. Khurgin, “Hyperbolic metamaterials: beyond the effective medium theory,” Optica 3, 1388–1396 (2016).
[Crossref]
V. E. Babicheva, M. Y. Shalaginov, S. Ishii, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Kildishev, “Finite-width plasmonic waveguides with hyperbolic multilayer cladding,” Opt. Express 23, 9681 (2015).
[Crossref]
G. K. Bebek, M. N. F. Hoqie, M. Holtz, Z. Fan, and A. A. Bernussi, “Continuous tuning of W-doped VO2 optical properties for terahertz analog applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 201902 (2014).
[Crossref]
T. Wang, H. Yu, X. Dong, Y. D. Jiang, and R. L. Hu, “Modeling and experiments of N-doped vanadium oxide prepared by a reactive sputtering process,” Chin. Phys. B 24, 038102 (2015).
[Crossref]
R. M. Briggs, I. M. Pryce, and H. A. Atwater, “Compact silicon photonic waveguide modulator based on the vanadium dioxide metal-insulator phase transition,” Opt. Express 18, 11192–11201 (2010).
[Crossref]

2016 (12)

C. Wan, T. K. Gaylord, and M. S. Bakir, “Grating design for interlayer optical interconnection of in-plane waveguides,” Appl. Opt. 55, 2601–2610 (2016).
[Crossref]

J. Wang, Z. Cheng, Z. Chen, X. Wan, B. Zhu, H. K. Tsang, C. Shu, and J. Xu, “High-responsivity graphene-on-silicon slot waveguide photodetectors,” Nanoscale 8, 13206–13211 (2016).
[Crossref]

P. Dastmalchi and G. Veronis, “Plasmonic switches based on subwavelength cavity resonators,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33, 2486–2492 (2016).
[Crossref]

J. Li, J. Tao, Z. H. Chen, and X. G. Huang, “All-optical controlling based on nonlinear graphene plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 24, 22169–22176 (2016).
[Crossref]

G. X. Ni, L. Wang, M. D. Goldflam, M. Wagner, Z. Fei, A. S. McLeod, M. K. Liu, F. Keilmann, B. Özyilmaz, A. H. C. Neto, J. Hone, M. M. Fogler, and D. N. Basov, “Ultrafast optical switching of infrared plasmon polaritons in high-mobility graphene,” Nat. Photonics 10, 244–247 (2016).
[Crossref]

P. P. Sahu, “Theoretical investigation of all optical switch based on compact surface plasmonic two mode interference coupler,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34, 1300–1305 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Lalisse, G. Tessier, J. Plain, and G. Baffou, “Plasmonic efficiencies of nanoparticles made of metal nitrides (TiN, ZrN) compared with gold,” Sci. Rep. 6, 38647 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. T. Riley, J. S. T. Smalley, K. W. Post, D. N. Basov, Y. Fainman, D. Wang, Z. Liu, and D. J. Sirbuly, “High-quality, ultraconformal aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoplasmonic and hyperbolic metamaterials,” Small 12, 892–901 (2016).
[Crossref]

R. Alaee, M. Albooyeh, S. Tretyakov, and C. Rockstuhl, “Phase-change material-based nanoantennas with tunable radiation patterns,” Opt. Lett. 41, 4099–4102 (2016).
[Crossref]

L. Chen, Y. Liu, Z. Yu, D. Wu, R. Ma, Y. Zhang, and H. Ye, “Numerical investigations of a near-infrared plasmonic refractive index sensor with extremely high figure of merit and low loss based on the hybrid plasmonic waveguide-nanocavity system,” Opt. Express 24, 23260–23270 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Kim, J. Jeong, J. K. S. Poon, and G. V. Eleftheriades, “Vanadium-dioxide-assisted digital optical metasurfaces for dynamic wavefront engineering,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33, 980–988 (2016).
[Crossref]

T. Li and J. B. Khurgin, “Hyperbolic metamaterials: beyond the effective medium theory,” Optica 3, 1388–1396 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (7)

V. E. Babicheva, M. Y. Shalaginov, S. Ishii, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Kildishev, “Finite-width plasmonic waveguides with hyperbolic multilayer cladding,” Opt. Express 23, 9681 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. H. Choe and J. T. Kim, “Design of vanadium oxide-based plasmonic modulator for both TE and TM modes,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27, 514–517 (2015).
[Crossref]

T. Wang, H. Yu, X. Dong, Y. D. Jiang, and R. L. Hu, “Modeling and experiments of N-doped vanadium oxide prepared by a reactive sputtering process,” Chin. Phys. B 24, 038102 (2015).
[Crossref]

V. E. Babicheva, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Lavrinenko, “Transparent conducting oxides for electro-optical plasmonic modulators,” Nanophotonics 4, 165–185 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. Kim, S. Y. Lee, H. Park, K. Lee, and B. Lee, “Reflectionless compact plasmonic waveguide mode converter by using a mode-selective cavity,” Opt. Express 23, 9004–9013 (2015).
[Crossref]

Y. Li and W. P. Huang, “Electrically-pumped plasmonic lasers based on low-loss hybrid SPP waveguide,” Opt. Express 23, 24843–24849 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Emboras, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, W. Heni, U. Koch, P. Ma, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Electrically controlled plasmonic switches and modulators,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21, 276–283 (2015).
[Crossref]

2014 (3)

K. Wen, Y. Hu, L. Chen, J. Zhou, L. Lei, and Z. Guo, “Design of an optical power and wavelength splitter based on subwavelength waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32, 3020–3026 (2014).
[Crossref]

P. Shekhar, J. Atkinson, and Z. Jacob, “Hyperbolic metamaterials: fundamentals and applications,” Nano Convergence 1, 14 (2014).
[Crossref]

G. K. Bebek, M. N. F. Hoqie, M. Holtz, Z. Fan, and A. A. Bernussi, “Continuous tuning of W-doped VO2 optical properties for terahertz analog applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 201902 (2014).
[Crossref]

2013 (3)

A. Poddubny, I. Iorsh, P. Belov, and Y. Kivshar, “Hyperbolic metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics 7, 948–957 (2013).
[Crossref]

B. Gholipour, J. Zhang, K. F. MacDonald, D. W. Hewak, and N. I. Zheludev, “An all-optical, non-volatile, bidirectional, phase-change meta-switch,” Adv. Mater. 25, 3050–3054 (2013).
[Crossref]

G. V. Naik, V. M. Shalaev, and A. Boltasseva, “Alternative plasmonic materials: beyond gold and silver,” Adv. Mater. 25, 3264–3294 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (1)

D. W. Ferrara, E. R. MacQuarrie, V. D. B. J. Nag, A. B. Kaye, and R. F. H. Jr, “Plasmonic enhancement of the vanadium dioxide phase transition induced by low-power laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. A 108, 255–261 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

S. B. Choi, J. S. Kyoung, H. S. Kim, H. R. Park, B. J. Kim, Y. H. Ahn, F. Rotermund, H. T. Kim, K. J. Ahn, and D. S. Kim, “Nanopattern enabled terahertz all-optical switching on vanadium dioxide thin film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 071105 (2011).
[Crossref]

G. V. Naik, J. Kim, and A. Boltasseva, “Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in the optical range,” Opt. Express 1, 1090–1099 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (2)

G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics 4, 518–526 (2010).
[Crossref]

R. M. Briggs, I. M. Pryce, and H. A. Atwater, “Compact silicon photonic waveguide modulator based on the vanadium dioxide metal-insulator phase transition,” Opt. Express 18, 11192–11201 (2010).
[Crossref]

Ahn, K. J.

Ahn, Y. H.

Alaee, R.

R. Alaee, M. Albooyeh, S. Tretyakov, and C. Rockstuhl, “Phase-change material-based nanoantennas with tunable radiation patterns,” Opt. Lett. 41, 4099–4102 (2016).
[Crossref]

Albooyeh, M.

R. Alaee, M. Albooyeh, S. Tretyakov, and C. Rockstuhl, “Phase-change material-based nanoantennas with tunable radiation patterns,” Opt. Lett. 41, 4099–4102 (2016).
[Crossref]

Atkinson, J.

P. Shekhar, J. Atkinson, and Z. Jacob, “Hyperbolic metamaterials: fundamentals and applications,” Nano Convergence 1, 14 (2014).
[Crossref]

Atwater, H. A.

Babicheva, V. E.

V. E. Babicheva, M. Y. Shalaginov, S. Ishii, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Kildishev, “Finite-width plasmonic waveguides with hyperbolic multilayer cladding,” Opt. Express 23, 9681 (2015).
[Crossref]

V. E. Babicheva, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Lavrinenko, “Transparent conducting oxides for electro-optical plasmonic modulators,” Nanophotonics 4, 165–185 (2015).
[Crossref]

Baffou, G.

A. Lalisse, G. Tessier, J. Plain, and G. Baffou, “Plasmonic efficiencies of nanoparticles made of metal nitrides (TiN, ZrN) compared with gold,” Sci. Rep. 6, 38647 (2016).
[Crossref]

Bakir, M. S.

C. Wan, T. K. Gaylord, and M. S. Bakir, “Grating design for interlayer optical interconnection of in-plane waveguides,” Appl. Opt. 55, 2601–2610 (2016).
[Crossref]

Basov, D. N.

Bebek, G. K.

Belov, P.

A. Poddubny, I. Iorsh, P. Belov, and Y. Kivshar, “Hyperbolic metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics 7, 948–957 (2013).
[Crossref]

Bernussi, A. A.

Boltasseva, A.

V. E. Babicheva, M. Y. Shalaginov, S. Ishii, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Kildishev, “Finite-width plasmonic waveguides with hyperbolic multilayer cladding,” Opt. Express 23, 9681 (2015).
[Crossref]

V. E. Babicheva, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Lavrinenko, “Transparent conducting oxides for electro-optical plasmonic modulators,” Nanophotonics 4, 165–185 (2015).
[Crossref]

G. V. Naik, V. M. Shalaev, and A. Boltasseva, “Alternative plasmonic materials: beyond gold and silver,” Adv. Mater. 25, 3264–3294 (2013).
[Crossref]

G. V. Naik, J. Kim, and A. Boltasseva, “Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in the optical range,” Opt. Express 1, 1090–1099 (2011).
[Crossref]

Briggs, R. M.

Chen, L.

Chen, Z.

J. Wang, Z. Cheng, Z. Chen, X. Wan, B. Zhu, H. K. Tsang, C. Shu, and J. Xu, “High-responsivity graphene-on-silicon slot waveguide photodetectors,” Nanoscale 8, 13206–13211 (2016).
[Crossref]

Chen, Z. H.

J. Li, J. Tao, Z. H. Chen, and X. G. Huang, “All-optical controlling based on nonlinear graphene plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 24, 22169–22176 (2016).
[Crossref]

Cheng, Z.

J. Wang, Z. Cheng, Z. Chen, X. Wan, B. Zhu, H. K. Tsang, C. Shu, and J. Xu, “High-responsivity graphene-on-silicon slot waveguide photodetectors,” Nanoscale 8, 13206–13211 (2016).
[Crossref]

Choe, J. H.

J. H. Choe and J. T. Kim, “Design of vanadium oxide-based plasmonic modulator for both TE and TM modes,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27, 514–517 (2015).
[Crossref]

Choi, S. B.

Dastmalchi, P.

P. Dastmalchi and G. Veronis, “Plasmonic switches based on subwavelength cavity resonators,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33, 2486–2492 (2016).
[Crossref]

Dong, X.

T. Wang, H. Yu, X. Dong, Y. D. Jiang, and R. L. Hu, “Modeling and experiments of N-doped vanadium oxide prepared by a reactive sputtering process,” Chin. Phys. B 24, 038102 (2015).
[Crossref]

Eleftheriades, G. V.

Emboras, A.

Fainman, Y.

Fan, Z.

Fedoryshyn, Y.

Fei, Z.

Ferrara, D. W.

Fogler, M. M.

Gardes, F. Y.

G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics 4, 518–526 (2010).
[Crossref]

Gaylord, T. K.

C. Wan, T. K. Gaylord, and M. S. Bakir, “Grating design for interlayer optical interconnection of in-plane waveguides,” Appl. Opt. 55, 2601–2610 (2016).
[Crossref]

Gholipour, B.

B. Gholipour, J. Zhang, K. F. MacDonald, D. W. Hewak, and N. I. Zheludev, “An all-optical, non-volatile, bidirectional, phase-change meta-switch,” Adv. Mater. 25, 3050–3054 (2013).
[Crossref]

Goldflam, M. D.

Guo, Z.

Haffner, C.

Hafner, C.

Heni, W.

Hewak, D. W.

B. Gholipour, J. Zhang, K. F. MacDonald, D. W. Hewak, and N. I. Zheludev, “An all-optical, non-volatile, bidirectional, phase-change meta-switch,” Adv. Mater. 25, 3050–3054 (2013).
[Crossref]

Hoessbacher, C.

Holtz, M.

Hone, J.

Hoqie, M. N. F.

Hu, R. L.

T. Wang, H. Yu, X. Dong, Y. D. Jiang, and R. L. Hu, “Modeling and experiments of N-doped vanadium oxide prepared by a reactive sputtering process,” Chin. Phys. B 24, 038102 (2015).
[Crossref]

Hu, Y.

Huang, W. P.

Y. Li and W. P. Huang, “Electrically-pumped plasmonic lasers based on low-loss hybrid SPP waveguide,” Opt. Express 23, 24843–24849 (2015).
[Crossref]

Huang, X. G.

J. Li, J. Tao, Z. H. Chen, and X. G. Huang, “All-optical controlling based on nonlinear graphene plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 24, 22169–22176 (2016).
[Crossref]

Iorsh, I.

A. Poddubny, I. Iorsh, P. Belov, and Y. Kivshar, “Hyperbolic metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics 7, 948–957 (2013).
[Crossref]

Ishii, S.

V. E. Babicheva, M. Y. Shalaginov, S. Ishii, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Kildishev, “Finite-width plasmonic waveguides with hyperbolic multilayer cladding,” Opt. Express 23, 9681 (2015).
[Crossref]

Jacob, Z.

P. Shekhar, J. Atkinson, and Z. Jacob, “Hyperbolic metamaterials: fundamentals and applications,” Nano Convergence 1, 14 (2014).
[Crossref]

Jeong, J.

Jiang, Y. D.

T. Wang, H. Yu, X. Dong, Y. D. Jiang, and R. L. Hu, “Modeling and experiments of N-doped vanadium oxide prepared by a reactive sputtering process,” Chin. Phys. B 24, 038102 (2015).
[Crossref]

Jr, R. F. H.

Kaye, A. B.

Keilmann, F.

Khurgin, J. B.

T. Li and J. B. Khurgin, “Hyperbolic metamaterials: beyond the effective medium theory,” Optica 3, 1388–1396 (2016).
[Crossref]

Kildishev, A. V.

V. E. Babicheva, M. Y. Shalaginov, S. Ishii, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Kildishev, “Finite-width plasmonic waveguides with hyperbolic multilayer cladding,” Opt. Express 23, 9681 (2015).
[Crossref]

Kim, B. J.

Kim, D. S.

Kim, H. S.

Kim, H. T.

Kim, J.

J. Kim, S. Y. Lee, H. Park, K. Lee, and B. Lee, “Reflectionless compact plasmonic waveguide mode converter by using a mode-selective cavity,” Opt. Express 23, 9004–9013 (2015).
[Crossref]

G. V. Naik, J. Kim, and A. Boltasseva, “Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in the optical range,” Opt. Express 1, 1090–1099 (2011).
[Crossref]

Kim, J. T.

J. H. Choe and J. T. Kim, “Design of vanadium oxide-based plasmonic modulator for both TE and TM modes,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27, 514–517 (2015).
[Crossref]

Kim, M.

Kivshar, Y.

A. Poddubny, I. Iorsh, P. Belov, and Y. Kivshar, “Hyperbolic metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics 7, 948–957 (2013).
[Crossref]

Koch, U.

Kyoung, J. S.

Lalisse, A.

A. Lalisse, G. Tessier, J. Plain, and G. Baffou, “Plasmonic efficiencies of nanoparticles made of metal nitrides (TiN, ZrN) compared with gold,” Sci. Rep. 6, 38647 (2016).
[Crossref]

Lavrinenko, A. V.

V. E. Babicheva, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Lavrinenko, “Transparent conducting oxides for electro-optical plasmonic modulators,” Nanophotonics 4, 165–185 (2015).
[Crossref]

Lei, L.

Leuthold, J.

Li, J.

J. Li, J. Tao, Z. H. Chen, and X. G. Huang, “All-optical controlling based on nonlinear graphene plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 24, 22169–22176 (2016).
[Crossref]

Li, T.

T. Li and J. B. Khurgin, “Hyperbolic metamaterials: beyond the effective medium theory,” Optica 3, 1388–1396 (2016).
[Crossref]

Li, Y.

Y. Li and W. P. Huang, “Electrically-pumped plasmonic lasers based on low-loss hybrid SPP waveguide,” Opt. Express 23, 24843–24849 (2015).
[Crossref]

Liu, M. K.

Liu, Y.

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Plain, J.

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T. Wang, H. Yu, X. Dong, Y. D. Jiang, and R. L. Hu, “Modeling and experiments of N-doped vanadium oxide prepared by a reactive sputtering process,” Chin. Phys. B 24, 038102 (2015).
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[Crossref]

Zhang, Y.

Zheludev, N. I.

B. Gholipour, J. Zhang, K. F. MacDonald, D. W. Hewak, and N. I. Zheludev, “An all-optical, non-volatile, bidirectional, phase-change meta-switch,” Adv. Mater. 25, 3050–3054 (2013).
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Zhu, B.

J. Wang, Z. Cheng, Z. Chen, X. Wan, B. Zhu, H. K. Tsang, C. Shu, and J. Xu, “High-responsivity graphene-on-silicon slot waveguide photodetectors,” Nanoscale 8, 13206–13211 (2016).
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Adv. Mater. (2)

B. Gholipour, J. Zhang, K. F. MacDonald, D. W. Hewak, and N. I. Zheludev, “An all-optical, non-volatile, bidirectional, phase-change meta-switch,” Adv. Mater. 25, 3050–3054 (2013).
[Crossref]

G. V. Naik, V. M. Shalaev, and A. Boltasseva, “Alternative plasmonic materials: beyond gold and silver,” Adv. Mater. 25, 3264–3294 (2013).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)

C. Wan, T. K. Gaylord, and M. S. Bakir, “Grating design for interlayer optical interconnection of in-plane waveguides,” Appl. Opt. 55, 2601–2610 (2016).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. A (1)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

Chin. Phys. B (1)

T. Wang, H. Yu, X. Dong, Y. D. Jiang, and R. L. Hu, “Modeling and experiments of N-doped vanadium oxide prepared by a reactive sputtering process,” Chin. Phys. B 24, 038102 (2015).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

J. H. Choe and J. T. Kim, “Design of vanadium oxide-based plasmonic modulator for both TE and TM modes,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27, 514–517 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (2)

P. P. Sahu, “Theoretical investigation of all optical switch based on compact surface plasmonic two mode interference coupler,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34, 1300–1305 (2016).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (2)

P. Dastmalchi and G. Veronis, “Plasmonic switches based on subwavelength cavity resonators,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33, 2486–2492 (2016).
[Crossref]

Nano Convergence (1)

P. Shekhar, J. Atkinson, and Z. Jacob, “Hyperbolic metamaterials: fundamentals and applications,” Nano Convergence 1, 14 (2014).
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Nanophotonics (1)

V. E. Babicheva, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Lavrinenko, “Transparent conducting oxides for electro-optical plasmonic modulators,” Nanophotonics 4, 165–185 (2015).
[Crossref]

Nanoscale (1)

J. Wang, Z. Cheng, Z. Chen, X. Wan, B. Zhu, H. K. Tsang, C. Shu, and J. Xu, “High-responsivity graphene-on-silicon slot waveguide photodetectors,” Nanoscale 8, 13206–13211 (2016).
[Crossref]

Nat. Photonics (3)

G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, “Silicon optical modulators,” Nat. Photonics 4, 518–526 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. Poddubny, I. Iorsh, P. Belov, and Y. Kivshar, “Hyperbolic metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics 7, 948–957 (2013).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (7)

V. E. Babicheva, M. Y. Shalaginov, S. Ishii, A. Boltasseva, and A. V. Kildishev, “Finite-width plasmonic waveguides with hyperbolic multilayer cladding,” Opt. Express 23, 9681 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. Kim, S. Y. Lee, H. Park, K. Lee, and B. Lee, “Reflectionless compact plasmonic waveguide mode converter by using a mode-selective cavity,” Opt. Express 23, 9004–9013 (2015).
[Crossref]

Y. Li and W. P. Huang, “Electrically-pumped plasmonic lasers based on low-loss hybrid SPP waveguide,” Opt. Express 23, 24843–24849 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. Li, J. Tao, Z. H. Chen, and X. G. Huang, “All-optical controlling based on nonlinear graphene plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 24, 22169–22176 (2016).
[Crossref]

G. V. Naik, J. Kim, and A. Boltasseva, “Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in the optical range,” Opt. Express 1, 1090–1099 (2011).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (1)

R. Alaee, M. Albooyeh, S. Tretyakov, and C. Rockstuhl, “Phase-change material-based nanoantennas with tunable radiation patterns,” Opt. Lett. 41, 4099–4102 (2016).
[Crossref]

Optica (1)

T. Li and J. B. Khurgin, “Hyperbolic metamaterials: beyond the effective medium theory,” Optica 3, 1388–1396 (2016).
[Crossref]

Sci. Rep. (1)

A. Lalisse, G. Tessier, J. Plain, and G. Baffou, “Plasmonic efficiencies of nanoparticles made of metal nitrides (TiN, ZrN) compared with gold,” Sci. Rep. 6, 38647 (2016).
[Crossref]

Small (1)

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Fig. 1.

(a) 3D and (b) lateral view of the proposed optical switch inserted with an HMM structure consisting of 20-pair alternating ${VO}_{2} / Si$ layers on a glass substrate.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2.

(a) Transmittance diagram of $T_{ON}$ based on dielectric ${VO}_{2}$ layers with varying $k$ of ${\tilde{n}}_{\exp} (D)$ . (b) Using the same dielectric ${VO}_{2}$ layers with constant ${\tilde{n}}_{\exp} (D) = 3.1309 + 0.3612 i$ , relationship curve of MD- $d_{m}$ is calculated based on metallic ${VO}_{2}$ layers for different $k$ of ${\tilde{n}}_{\exp} (M)$ .

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3.

Electric field distribution of TE mode propagation for (a) “ON” and (b) “OFF” state with zoom-in views of the HMM structure.

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Fig. 4.

Power flux density Poavx distribution of TE mode propagation for (a) “ON” and (b) “OFF” state with zoom-in views of the HMM structure.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 5.

Transmission diagram of (a) $T_{ON}$ ( $D$ ) and (b) $T_{OFF}$ ( $M$ ) for an optical switch with $d_{m}$ varying from 5 to 55 nm.

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Fig. 6.

Electric field intensity distribution in an optical switch in“OFF” state with different HMM length of (a) $L_{HMM} = 200 nm$ ( $d_{m} = d_{d} = 5$ nm) and (b) $L_{HMM} = 600 nm$ ( $d_{m} = d_{d} = 15$ nm).

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Fig. 7.

Calculated (a) MD and (b) IL as a function of wavelength with $d_{m}$ ( $L_{HMM}$ ) varying from 5 nm (200 nm) to 55 nm (2200 nm).

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Fig. 8.

Based on an optical switch using W-doped ${VO}_{2}$ layers ( $d_{m} = 5 nm$ ), MD varies as a function of both $n$ and $k$ of ${\tilde{n}}_{\exp} (M)$ .

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Abstract

References

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