Abstract

Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) limited by intermodulation distortions is a usually accepted measure for dynamic performance of a photonic time-stretched analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In this paper, SFDR improvement in a photonic time-stretched ADC based on third-order predistortion is proposed. The third-order predistortion is achieved optically within an integrated dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM). The mechanism of SFDR improvement with third-order predistortion in the DPMZM is theoretically analyzed. Compared with a conventional scheme without predistortion, the experimental results show that the SFDR improvement of ∼26  dB in the proposed scheme is proved.

[Publisher's Note: This paper is part of the Microwave Photonics special issue published in Photonics Research, Vol. 2, No. 4. It was mistakenly published in Issue No. 5.]

© 2014 Chinese Laser Press

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References

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  1. R. H.  Walden, “Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 17, 539–550 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  2. R.  Walden, “Analog-to-digital conversion in the early twenty-first century,” in Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering (Wiley, 2008), pp. 126–138.
  3. G. C.  Valley, “Photonic analog-to-digital converters,” Opt. Express 15, 1955–1982 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  4. J.  Capmany, D.  Novak, “Microwave photonics combines two worlds,” Nat. Photonics 1, 319–330 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  5. Y.  Han, B.  Jalali, “Photonic time-stretched analog-to-digital converter: fundamental concepts and practical considerations,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 3085–3103 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  6. S.  Gupta, B.  Jalali, “2nd order distortion cancellation in photonic time stretch analog-to-digital converter,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Microwave Symposium Digest (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2007), pp. 229–232.
  7. S.  Gupta, G. C.  Valley, B.  Jalali, “Distortion cancellation in time-stretch analog-to-digital converter,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3716–3721 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  8. H. S.  Jang, H. T.  Jeong, C. D.  Kim, I. S.  Chang, “New predistortion method using phase modulation with envelope signal,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Microwave Symposium Digest (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2003), pp. 1339–1342.
  9. G. C.  Wilson, “Optimized predistortion of overmodulated Mach–Zehnder modulators with multicarrier input,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, 1535–1537 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  10. Y.  Tang, K. P.  Ho, W.  Shieh, “Coherent optical OFDM transmitter design employing predistortion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 954–956 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  11. R. W.  Boyd, Nonlinear Optics (Academic, 2003).
  12. B.  Masella, B.  Hraimel, X.  Zhang, “Enhanced spurious-free dynamic range using mixed polarization in optical single sideband Mach–Zehnder modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27, 3034–3041 (2009).
    [Crossref]

2009 (1)

2008 (1)

Y.  Tang, K. P.  Ho, W.  Shieh, “Coherent optical OFDM transmitter design employing predistortion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 954–956 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (3)

2003 (1)

1999 (1)

R. H.  Walden, “Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 17, 539–550 (1999).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

G. C.  Wilson, “Optimized predistortion of overmodulated Mach–Zehnder modulators with multicarrier input,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, 1535–1537 (1997).
[Crossref]

Boyd, R. W.

R. W.  Boyd, Nonlinear Optics (Academic, 2003).

Capmany, J.

J.  Capmany, D.  Novak, “Microwave photonics combines two worlds,” Nat. Photonics 1, 319–330 (2007).
[Crossref]

Chang, I. S.

H. S.  Jang, H. T.  Jeong, C. D.  Kim, I. S.  Chang, “New predistortion method using phase modulation with envelope signal,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Microwave Symposium Digest (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2003), pp. 1339–1342.

Gupta, S.

S.  Gupta, G. C.  Valley, B.  Jalali, “Distortion cancellation in time-stretch analog-to-digital converter,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3716–3721 (2007).
[Crossref]

S.  Gupta, B.  Jalali, “2nd order distortion cancellation in photonic time stretch analog-to-digital converter,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Microwave Symposium Digest (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2007), pp. 229–232.

Han, Y.

Ho, K. P.

Y.  Tang, K. P.  Ho, W.  Shieh, “Coherent optical OFDM transmitter design employing predistortion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 954–956 (2008).
[Crossref]

Hraimel, B.

Jalali, B.

S.  Gupta, G. C.  Valley, B.  Jalali, “Distortion cancellation in time-stretch analog-to-digital converter,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3716–3721 (2007).
[Crossref]

Y.  Han, B.  Jalali, “Photonic time-stretched analog-to-digital converter: fundamental concepts and practical considerations,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 3085–3103 (2003).
[Crossref]

S.  Gupta, B.  Jalali, “2nd order distortion cancellation in photonic time stretch analog-to-digital converter,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Microwave Symposium Digest (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2007), pp. 229–232.

Jang, H. S.

H. S.  Jang, H. T.  Jeong, C. D.  Kim, I. S.  Chang, “New predistortion method using phase modulation with envelope signal,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Microwave Symposium Digest (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2003), pp. 1339–1342.

Jeong, H. T.

H. S.  Jang, H. T.  Jeong, C. D.  Kim, I. S.  Chang, “New predistortion method using phase modulation with envelope signal,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Microwave Symposium Digest (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2003), pp. 1339–1342.

Kim, C. D.

H. S.  Jang, H. T.  Jeong, C. D.  Kim, I. S.  Chang, “New predistortion method using phase modulation with envelope signal,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Microwave Symposium Digest (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2003), pp. 1339–1342.

Masella, B.

Novak, D.

J.  Capmany, D.  Novak, “Microwave photonics combines two worlds,” Nat. Photonics 1, 319–330 (2007).
[Crossref]

Shieh, W.

Y.  Tang, K. P.  Ho, W.  Shieh, “Coherent optical OFDM transmitter design employing predistortion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 954–956 (2008).
[Crossref]

Tang, Y.

Y.  Tang, K. P.  Ho, W.  Shieh, “Coherent optical OFDM transmitter design employing predistortion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 954–956 (2008).
[Crossref]

Valley, G. C.

Walden, R.

R.  Walden, “Analog-to-digital conversion in the early twenty-first century,” in Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering (Wiley, 2008), pp. 126–138.

Walden, R. H.

R. H.  Walden, “Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 17, 539–550 (1999).
[Crossref]

Wilson, G. C.

G. C.  Wilson, “Optimized predistortion of overmodulated Mach–Zehnder modulators with multicarrier input,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, 1535–1537 (1997).
[Crossref]

Zhang, X.

IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. (1)

R. H.  Walden, “Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 17, 539–550 (1999).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (2)

G. C.  Wilson, “Optimized predistortion of overmodulated Mach–Zehnder modulators with multicarrier input,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, 1535–1537 (1997).
[Crossref]

Y.  Tang, K. P.  Ho, W.  Shieh, “Coherent optical OFDM transmitter design employing predistortion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 954–956 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (3)

Nat. Photonics (1)

J.  Capmany, D.  Novak, “Microwave photonics combines two worlds,” Nat. Photonics 1, 319–330 (2007).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Other (4)

R.  Walden, “Analog-to-digital conversion in the early twenty-first century,” in Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering (Wiley, 2008), pp. 126–138.

H. S.  Jang, H. T.  Jeong, C. D.  Kim, I. S.  Chang, “New predistortion method using phase modulation with envelope signal,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Microwave Symposium Digest (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2003), pp. 1339–1342.

S.  Gupta, B.  Jalali, “2nd order distortion cancellation in photonic time stretch analog-to-digital converter,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Microwave Symposium Digest (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2007), pp. 229–232.

R. W.  Boyd, Nonlinear Optics (Academic, 2003).

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the proposed photonic time-stretched ADC based on third-order predistortion (SC, super-continuum).

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Experimental setup of the proposed photonic time-stretched ADC based third-order predistortion (OSC, oscillator; SA, spectrum analyzer).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Electronic output spectrum for the conventional scheme without predistortion by using a common MZM. (b) Electronic output spectrum for the highly linearized scheme based on third-order predistortion by using DPMZM.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Simulation and experimental results show the C/IM as a function of the modulation index m.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Power of the stretched signal as a function of electronic input power for our proposed scheme and conventional scheme without predistortion. (a) Squares and lines represent the experimental data and linear fits to the fundamental and limiting IMD3 of common MZM scheme. (b) Circles and lines represent the experimental and linear fits to the fundamental and limiting IMD3 of the proposed DPMZM scheme.

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Equations (12)

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E 1 ( ω ) = E 0 ( 2 π T 0 2 ) 1 / 2 exp ( − ω 2 T 0 2 2 ) ,
E 2 ( ω ) = E 1 ( ω ) exp ( j L 1 β 2 ω 2 2 ) ,
E 3 ( t ) = E 2 ( t ) 2 [ cos   φ 1 ( t ) 2 e j φ 3 / 2 + cos   φ 2 2 e − j φ 3 / 2 ] ,
E 4 ( ω ) = E 3 ( ω ) exp ( j L 2 β 2 ω 2 2 ) ,
I ( t ) ∝ | E 4 ( t ) | 2 .
V ( t ) = m [ cos ( ω 1 t ) + cos ( ω 2 t ) ] ,
IMD 3 = E 2 ( t ) e j φ 3 / 2 J 1 ( m 2 ) J 2 ( m 2 ) sin ( φ 1 2 ) cos ( 2 ω 2 t ± ω 1 t ) ,
I ( t ) ∝ I env ( t ) { Γ 0 + Γ 1 [ cos ( ω 1 t M ) + cos ( ω 2 t M ) ] + Γ 3 [ cos ( 2 ω 1 t ± ω 2 t M ) + cos ( 2 ω 2 t ± ω 1 t M ) ] ⋯ } ,
Γ 3 = K [ J 0 ( m 2 ) J 1 ( m 2 ) 2 cos ( φ 1 2 ) + J 2 ( m 2 ) ( 2 J 0 ( m 2 ) 2 cos ( φ 1 2 ) + cos ( φ 2 2 ) cos ( φ 3 ) ) ] ,
Γ 3 = K [ m 2 32 ( 4   cos ( φ 1 2 ) + cos ( φ 2 2 ) cos ( φ 3 ) ) − m 4 64 cos ( φ 1 2 ) + O ( m 4 ) ] .
4   cos ( φ 1 2 ) + cos ( φ 2 2 ) cos ( φ 3 ) = 0 ,
H = ( cos ( 2 π 2 β 2 L 2 f 2 / M ) ) 2 ,

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