Abstract

The recent advent of photonic topological insulators has opened the door to using the robustness of topologically protected transport—originated in the domain of condensed matter physics—in optical devices and in quantum simulation. Concurrently, quantum walks in photonic networks have been shown to yield exponential speedup for certain algorithms, such as Boson sampling. Here we theoretically demonstrate that photonic topological insulators can robustly protect the transport of quantum information through photonic networks, despite the presence of disorder.

© 2016 Optical Society of America

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  1. M. Z. Hasan and C. L. Kane, “Colloquium: Topological insulators,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 3045–3067 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  2. F. D. M. Haldane and S. Raghu, “Possible realization of directional optical waveguides in photonic crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013904 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  3. Z. Wang, Y. D. Chong, J. D. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljačić, “Reflection-free one-way edge modes in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013905 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  4. Z. Wang, Y. Chong, J. D. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljačić, “Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological electromagnetic states,” Nature 461, 772–775 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  5. X. Cheng, C. Jouvaud, X. Ni, S. H. Mousavi, A. Z. Genack, and A. B. Khanikaev, “Robust reconfigurable electromagnetic pathways within a photonic topological insulator,” Nat. Mater. 15, 542–548 (2016).
  6. R. O. Umucalılar and I. Carusotto, “Artificial gauge field for photons in coupled cavity arrays,” Phys. Rev. A 84, 043804 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  7. M. Hafezi, E. A. Demler, M. D. Lukin, and J. M. Taylor, “Robust optical delay lines with topological protection,” Nat. Phys. 7, 907–912 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  8. K. Fang, Z. Yu, and S. Fan, “Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation,” Nat. Photonics 6, 782–787 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  9. A. B. Khanikaev, S. Hossein Mousavi, W.-K. Tse, M. Kargarian, A. H. MacDonald, and G. Shvets, “Photonic topological insulators,” Nat. Mater. 12, 233–239 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  10. M. C. Rechtsman, J. M. Zeuner, Y. Plotnik, Y. Lumer, D. Podolsky, F. Dreisow, S. Nolte, M. Segev, and A. Szameit, “Photonic Floquet topological insulators,” Nature 496, 196–200 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  11. M. Hafezi, S. Mittal, J. Fan, A. Migdall, and J. M. Taylor, “Imaging topological edge states in silicon photonics,” Nat. Photonics 7, 1001–1005 (2013).
  12. Y. Aharonov, L. Davidovich, and N. Zagury, “Quantum random walks,” Phys. Rev. A 48, 1687–1690 (1993).
    [Crossref]
  13. H. B. Perets, Y. Lahini, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, and Y. Silberberg, “Realization of quantum walks with negligible decoherence in waveguide lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 170506 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  14. Y. Bromberg, Y. Lahini, R. Morandotti, and Y. Silberberg, “Quantum and classical correlations in waveguide lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 253904 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  15. Y. Lahini, Y. Bromberg, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Quantum correlations in two-particle Anderson localization,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 163905 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  16. A. Peruzzo, M. Lobino, J. C. F. Matthews, N. Matsuda, A. Politi, K. Poulios, X.-Q. Zhou, Y. Lahini, N. Ismail, K. Wörhoff, Y. Bromberg, Y. Silberberg, M. G. Thompson, and J. L. OBrien, “Quantum walks of correlated photons,” Science 329, 1500–1503 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  17. S. Aaronson and A. Arkhipov, “The computational complexity of linear optics,” in Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (ACM, 2011), pp. 333–342.
  18. E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. J. Milburn, “A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics,” Nature 409, 46–52 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  19. A. N. Boto, P. Kok, D. S. Abrams, S. L. Braunstein, C. P. Williams, and J. P. Dowling, “Quantum interferometric optical lithography: exploiting entanglement to beat the diffraction limit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2733–2736 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  20. I. Afek, O. Ambar, and Y. Silberberg, “High-NOON states by mixing quantum and classical light,” Science 328, 879–881 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  21. R. Morandotti, U. Peschel, J. S. Aitchison, H. S. Eisenberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Experimental observation of linear and nonlinear optical Bloch oscillations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4756–4759 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  22. T. Pertsch, P. Dannberg, W. Elflein, A. Bräuer, and F. Lederer, “Optical Bloch oscillations in temperature tuned waveguide arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4752–4755 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  23. H. Trompeter, W. Krolikowski, D. N. Neshev, A. S. Desyatnikov, A. A. Sukhorukov, Y. S. Kivshar, T. Pertsch, U. Peschel, and F. Lederer, “Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 053903 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  24. N. Malkova, I. Hromada, X. Wang, G. Bryant, and Z. Chen, “Observation of optical Shockley-like surface states in photonic superlattices,” Opt. Lett. 34, 1633–1635 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  25. Y. Plotnik, O. Peleg, F. Dreisow, M. Heinrich, S. Nolte, A. Szameit, and M. Segev, “Experimental observation of optical bound states in the continuum,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 183901 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  26. T. Schwartz, G. Bartal, S. Fishman, and M. Segev, “Transport and Anderson localization in disordered two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Nature 446, 52–55 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  27. Y. Lahini, A. Avidan, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Anderson localization and nonlinearity in one-dimensional disordered photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013906 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  28. L. Levi, M. Rechtsman, B. Freedman, T. Schwartz, O. Manela, and M. Segev, “Disorder-enhanced transport in photonic quasicrystals,” Science 332, 1541–1544 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  29. B. Freedman, G. Bartal, M. Segev, R. Lifshitz, D. N. Christodoulides, and J. W. Fleischer, “Wave and defect dynamics in nonlinear photonic quasicrystals,” Nature 440, 1166–1169 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  30. O. Peleg, G. Bartal, B. Freedman, O. Manela, M. Segev, and D. N. Christodoulides, “Conical diffraction and gap solitons in honeycomb photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 103901 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  31. T. Kitagawa, E. Berg, M. Rudner, and E. Demler, “Topological characterization of periodically driven quantum systems,” Phys. Rev. B 82, 235114 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  32. F. D. M. Haldane, “Model for a quantum hall effect without Landau levels: condensed-matter realization of the “parity anomaly”,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2015–2018 (1988).
    [Crossref]
  33. M. C. Rechtsman, Y. Lumer, Y. Plotnik, A. Perez-Leija, A. Szameit, and M. Segev, “Topological protection of path entanglement in photonic quantum walks,” in CLEO, OSA Technical Digest (2015), paper FW4A.4.
  34. S. Mittal, V. V. Orre, and M. Hafezi, “Topologically robust transport of entangled photons in a 2D photonic system,” arXiv:1605.04894 (2016).

2016 (1)

X. Cheng, C. Jouvaud, X. Ni, S. H. Mousavi, A. Z. Genack, and A. B. Khanikaev, “Robust reconfigurable electromagnetic pathways within a photonic topological insulator,” Nat. Mater. 15, 542–548 (2016).

2013 (3)

A. B. Khanikaev, S. Hossein Mousavi, W.-K. Tse, M. Kargarian, A. H. MacDonald, and G. Shvets, “Photonic topological insulators,” Nat. Mater. 12, 233–239 (2013).
[Crossref]

M. C. Rechtsman, J. M. Zeuner, Y. Plotnik, Y. Lumer, D. Podolsky, F. Dreisow, S. Nolte, M. Segev, and A. Szameit, “Photonic Floquet topological insulators,” Nature 496, 196–200 (2013).
[Crossref]

M. Hafezi, S. Mittal, J. Fan, A. Migdall, and J. M. Taylor, “Imaging topological edge states in silicon photonics,” Nat. Photonics 7, 1001–1005 (2013).

2012 (1)

K. Fang, Z. Yu, and S. Fan, “Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation,” Nat. Photonics 6, 782–787 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (4)

R. O. Umucalılar and I. Carusotto, “Artificial gauge field for photons in coupled cavity arrays,” Phys. Rev. A 84, 043804 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Hafezi, E. A. Demler, M. D. Lukin, and J. M. Taylor, “Robust optical delay lines with topological protection,” Nat. Phys. 7, 907–912 (2011).
[Crossref]

Y. Plotnik, O. Peleg, F. Dreisow, M. Heinrich, S. Nolte, A. Szameit, and M. Segev, “Experimental observation of optical bound states in the continuum,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 183901 (2011).
[Crossref]

L. Levi, M. Rechtsman, B. Freedman, T. Schwartz, O. Manela, and M. Segev, “Disorder-enhanced transport in photonic quasicrystals,” Science 332, 1541–1544 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (5)

I. Afek, O. Ambar, and Y. Silberberg, “High-NOON states by mixing quantum and classical light,” Science 328, 879–881 (2010).
[Crossref]

T. Kitagawa, E. Berg, M. Rudner, and E. Demler, “Topological characterization of periodically driven quantum systems,” Phys. Rev. B 82, 235114 (2010).
[Crossref]

M. Z. Hasan and C. L. Kane, “Colloquium: Topological insulators,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 3045–3067 (2010).
[Crossref]

Y. Lahini, Y. Bromberg, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Quantum correlations in two-particle Anderson localization,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 163905 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. Peruzzo, M. Lobino, J. C. F. Matthews, N. Matsuda, A. Politi, K. Poulios, X.-Q. Zhou, Y. Lahini, N. Ismail, K. Wörhoff, Y. Bromberg, Y. Silberberg, M. G. Thompson, and J. L. OBrien, “Quantum walks of correlated photons,” Science 329, 1500–1503 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (3)

Z. Wang, Y. Chong, J. D. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljačić, “Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological electromagnetic states,” Nature 461, 772–775 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. Bromberg, Y. Lahini, R. Morandotti, and Y. Silberberg, “Quantum and classical correlations in waveguide lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 253904 (2009).
[Crossref]

N. Malkova, I. Hromada, X. Wang, G. Bryant, and Z. Chen, “Observation of optical Shockley-like surface states in photonic superlattices,” Opt. Lett. 34, 1633–1635 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (4)

Y. Lahini, A. Avidan, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Anderson localization and nonlinearity in one-dimensional disordered photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013906 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. B. Perets, Y. Lahini, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, and Y. Silberberg, “Realization of quantum walks with negligible decoherence in waveguide lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 170506 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. D. M. Haldane and S. Raghu, “Possible realization of directional optical waveguides in photonic crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013904 (2008).
[Crossref]

Z. Wang, Y. D. Chong, J. D. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljačić, “Reflection-free one-way edge modes in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013905 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

T. Schwartz, G. Bartal, S. Fishman, and M. Segev, “Transport and Anderson localization in disordered two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Nature 446, 52–55 (2007).
[Crossref]

O. Peleg, G. Bartal, B. Freedman, O. Manela, M. Segev, and D. N. Christodoulides, “Conical diffraction and gap solitons in honeycomb photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 103901 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (2)

H. Trompeter, W. Krolikowski, D. N. Neshev, A. S. Desyatnikov, A. A. Sukhorukov, Y. S. Kivshar, T. Pertsch, U. Peschel, and F. Lederer, “Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 053903 (2006).
[Crossref]

B. Freedman, G. Bartal, M. Segev, R. Lifshitz, D. N. Christodoulides, and J. W. Fleischer, “Wave and defect dynamics in nonlinear photonic quasicrystals,” Nature 440, 1166–1169 (2006).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. J. Milburn, “A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics,” Nature 409, 46–52 (2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (1)

A. N. Boto, P. Kok, D. S. Abrams, S. L. Braunstein, C. P. Williams, and J. P. Dowling, “Quantum interferometric optical lithography: exploiting entanglement to beat the diffraction limit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2733–2736 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (2)

R. Morandotti, U. Peschel, J. S. Aitchison, H. S. Eisenberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Experimental observation of linear and nonlinear optical Bloch oscillations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4756–4759 (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Pertsch, P. Dannberg, W. Elflein, A. Bräuer, and F. Lederer, “Optical Bloch oscillations in temperature tuned waveguide arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4752–4755 (1999).
[Crossref]

1993 (1)

Y. Aharonov, L. Davidovich, and N. Zagury, “Quantum random walks,” Phys. Rev. A 48, 1687–1690 (1993).
[Crossref]

1988 (1)

F. D. M. Haldane, “Model for a quantum hall effect without Landau levels: condensed-matter realization of the “parity anomaly”,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2015–2018 (1988).
[Crossref]

Aaronson, S.

S. Aaronson and A. Arkhipov, “The computational complexity of linear optics,” in Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (ACM, 2011), pp. 333–342.

Abrams, D. S.

A. N. Boto, P. Kok, D. S. Abrams, S. L. Braunstein, C. P. Williams, and J. P. Dowling, “Quantum interferometric optical lithography: exploiting entanglement to beat the diffraction limit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2733–2736 (2000).
[Crossref]

Afek, I.

I. Afek, O. Ambar, and Y. Silberberg, “High-NOON states by mixing quantum and classical light,” Science 328, 879–881 (2010).
[Crossref]

Aharonov, Y.

Y. Aharonov, L. Davidovich, and N. Zagury, “Quantum random walks,” Phys. Rev. A 48, 1687–1690 (1993).
[Crossref]

Aitchison, J. S.

R. Morandotti, U. Peschel, J. S. Aitchison, H. S. Eisenberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Experimental observation of linear and nonlinear optical Bloch oscillations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4756–4759 (1999).
[Crossref]

Ambar, O.

I. Afek, O. Ambar, and Y. Silberberg, “High-NOON states by mixing quantum and classical light,” Science 328, 879–881 (2010).
[Crossref]

Arkhipov, A.

S. Aaronson and A. Arkhipov, “The computational complexity of linear optics,” in Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (ACM, 2011), pp. 333–342.

Avidan, A.

Y. Lahini, A. Avidan, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Anderson localization and nonlinearity in one-dimensional disordered photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013906 (2008).
[Crossref]

Bartal, G.

O. Peleg, G. Bartal, B. Freedman, O. Manela, M. Segev, and D. N. Christodoulides, “Conical diffraction and gap solitons in honeycomb photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 103901 (2007).
[Crossref]

T. Schwartz, G. Bartal, S. Fishman, and M. Segev, “Transport and Anderson localization in disordered two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Nature 446, 52–55 (2007).
[Crossref]

B. Freedman, G. Bartal, M. Segev, R. Lifshitz, D. N. Christodoulides, and J. W. Fleischer, “Wave and defect dynamics in nonlinear photonic quasicrystals,” Nature 440, 1166–1169 (2006).
[Crossref]

Berg, E.

T. Kitagawa, E. Berg, M. Rudner, and E. Demler, “Topological characterization of periodically driven quantum systems,” Phys. Rev. B 82, 235114 (2010).
[Crossref]

Boto, A. N.

A. N. Boto, P. Kok, D. S. Abrams, S. L. Braunstein, C. P. Williams, and J. P. Dowling, “Quantum interferometric optical lithography: exploiting entanglement to beat the diffraction limit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2733–2736 (2000).
[Crossref]

Bräuer, A.

T. Pertsch, P. Dannberg, W. Elflein, A. Bräuer, and F. Lederer, “Optical Bloch oscillations in temperature tuned waveguide arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4752–4755 (1999).
[Crossref]

Braunstein, S. L.

A. N. Boto, P. Kok, D. S. Abrams, S. L. Braunstein, C. P. Williams, and J. P. Dowling, “Quantum interferometric optical lithography: exploiting entanglement to beat the diffraction limit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2733–2736 (2000).
[Crossref]

Bromberg, Y.

Y. Lahini, Y. Bromberg, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Quantum correlations in two-particle Anderson localization,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 163905 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. Peruzzo, M. Lobino, J. C. F. Matthews, N. Matsuda, A. Politi, K. Poulios, X.-Q. Zhou, Y. Lahini, N. Ismail, K. Wörhoff, Y. Bromberg, Y. Silberberg, M. G. Thompson, and J. L. OBrien, “Quantum walks of correlated photons,” Science 329, 1500–1503 (2010).
[Crossref]

Y. Bromberg, Y. Lahini, R. Morandotti, and Y. Silberberg, “Quantum and classical correlations in waveguide lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 253904 (2009).
[Crossref]

Bryant, G.

Carusotto, I.

R. O. Umucalılar and I. Carusotto, “Artificial gauge field for photons in coupled cavity arrays,” Phys. Rev. A 84, 043804 (2011).
[Crossref]

Chen, Z.

Cheng, X.

X. Cheng, C. Jouvaud, X. Ni, S. H. Mousavi, A. Z. Genack, and A. B. Khanikaev, “Robust reconfigurable electromagnetic pathways within a photonic topological insulator,” Nat. Mater. 15, 542–548 (2016).

Chong, Y.

Z. Wang, Y. Chong, J. D. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljačić, “Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological electromagnetic states,” Nature 461, 772–775 (2009).
[Crossref]

Chong, Y. D.

Z. Wang, Y. D. Chong, J. D. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljačić, “Reflection-free one-way edge modes in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013905 (2008).
[Crossref]

Christodoulides, D. N.

Y. Lahini, Y. Bromberg, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Quantum correlations in two-particle Anderson localization,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 163905 (2010).
[Crossref]

Y. Lahini, A. Avidan, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Anderson localization and nonlinearity in one-dimensional disordered photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013906 (2008).
[Crossref]

O. Peleg, G. Bartal, B. Freedman, O. Manela, M. Segev, and D. N. Christodoulides, “Conical diffraction and gap solitons in honeycomb photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 103901 (2007).
[Crossref]

B. Freedman, G. Bartal, M. Segev, R. Lifshitz, D. N. Christodoulides, and J. W. Fleischer, “Wave and defect dynamics in nonlinear photonic quasicrystals,” Nature 440, 1166–1169 (2006).
[Crossref]

Dannberg, P.

T. Pertsch, P. Dannberg, W. Elflein, A. Bräuer, and F. Lederer, “Optical Bloch oscillations in temperature tuned waveguide arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4752–4755 (1999).
[Crossref]

Davidovich, L.

Y. Aharonov, L. Davidovich, and N. Zagury, “Quantum random walks,” Phys. Rev. A 48, 1687–1690 (1993).
[Crossref]

Demler, E.

T. Kitagawa, E. Berg, M. Rudner, and E. Demler, “Topological characterization of periodically driven quantum systems,” Phys. Rev. B 82, 235114 (2010).
[Crossref]

Demler, E. A.

M. Hafezi, E. A. Demler, M. D. Lukin, and J. M. Taylor, “Robust optical delay lines with topological protection,” Nat. Phys. 7, 907–912 (2011).
[Crossref]

Desyatnikov, A. S.

H. Trompeter, W. Krolikowski, D. N. Neshev, A. S. Desyatnikov, A. A. Sukhorukov, Y. S. Kivshar, T. Pertsch, U. Peschel, and F. Lederer, “Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 053903 (2006).
[Crossref]

Dowling, J. P.

A. N. Boto, P. Kok, D. S. Abrams, S. L. Braunstein, C. P. Williams, and J. P. Dowling, “Quantum interferometric optical lithography: exploiting entanglement to beat the diffraction limit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2733–2736 (2000).
[Crossref]

Dreisow, F.

M. C. Rechtsman, J. M. Zeuner, Y. Plotnik, Y. Lumer, D. Podolsky, F. Dreisow, S. Nolte, M. Segev, and A. Szameit, “Photonic Floquet topological insulators,” Nature 496, 196–200 (2013).
[Crossref]

Y. Plotnik, O. Peleg, F. Dreisow, M. Heinrich, S. Nolte, A. Szameit, and M. Segev, “Experimental observation of optical bound states in the continuum,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 183901 (2011).
[Crossref]

Eisenberg, H. S.

R. Morandotti, U. Peschel, J. S. Aitchison, H. S. Eisenberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Experimental observation of linear and nonlinear optical Bloch oscillations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4756–4759 (1999).
[Crossref]

Elflein, W.

T. Pertsch, P. Dannberg, W. Elflein, A. Bräuer, and F. Lederer, “Optical Bloch oscillations in temperature tuned waveguide arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4752–4755 (1999).
[Crossref]

Fan, J.

M. Hafezi, S. Mittal, J. Fan, A. Migdall, and J. M. Taylor, “Imaging topological edge states in silicon photonics,” Nat. Photonics 7, 1001–1005 (2013).

Fan, S.

K. Fang, Z. Yu, and S. Fan, “Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation,” Nat. Photonics 6, 782–787 (2012).
[Crossref]

Fang, K.

K. Fang, Z. Yu, and S. Fan, “Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation,” Nat. Photonics 6, 782–787 (2012).
[Crossref]

Fishman, S.

T. Schwartz, G. Bartal, S. Fishman, and M. Segev, “Transport and Anderson localization in disordered two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Nature 446, 52–55 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fleischer, J. W.

B. Freedman, G. Bartal, M. Segev, R. Lifshitz, D. N. Christodoulides, and J. W. Fleischer, “Wave and defect dynamics in nonlinear photonic quasicrystals,” Nature 440, 1166–1169 (2006).
[Crossref]

Freedman, B.

L. Levi, M. Rechtsman, B. Freedman, T. Schwartz, O. Manela, and M. Segev, “Disorder-enhanced transport in photonic quasicrystals,” Science 332, 1541–1544 (2011).
[Crossref]

O. Peleg, G. Bartal, B. Freedman, O. Manela, M. Segev, and D. N. Christodoulides, “Conical diffraction and gap solitons in honeycomb photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 103901 (2007).
[Crossref]

B. Freedman, G. Bartal, M. Segev, R. Lifshitz, D. N. Christodoulides, and J. W. Fleischer, “Wave and defect dynamics in nonlinear photonic quasicrystals,” Nature 440, 1166–1169 (2006).
[Crossref]

Genack, A. Z.

X. Cheng, C. Jouvaud, X. Ni, S. H. Mousavi, A. Z. Genack, and A. B. Khanikaev, “Robust reconfigurable electromagnetic pathways within a photonic topological insulator,” Nat. Mater. 15, 542–548 (2016).

Hafezi, M.

M. Hafezi, S. Mittal, J. Fan, A. Migdall, and J. M. Taylor, “Imaging topological edge states in silicon photonics,” Nat. Photonics 7, 1001–1005 (2013).

M. Hafezi, E. A. Demler, M. D. Lukin, and J. M. Taylor, “Robust optical delay lines with topological protection,” Nat. Phys. 7, 907–912 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. Mittal, V. V. Orre, and M. Hafezi, “Topologically robust transport of entangled photons in a 2D photonic system,” arXiv:1605.04894 (2016).

Haldane, F. D. M.

F. D. M. Haldane and S. Raghu, “Possible realization of directional optical waveguides in photonic crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013904 (2008).
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H. Trompeter, W. Krolikowski, D. N. Neshev, A. S. Desyatnikov, A. A. Sukhorukov, Y. S. Kivshar, T. Pertsch, U. Peschel, and F. Lederer, “Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 053903 (2006).
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H. Trompeter, W. Krolikowski, D. N. Neshev, A. S. Desyatnikov, A. A. Sukhorukov, Y. S. Kivshar, T. Pertsch, U. Peschel, and F. Lederer, “Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 053903 (2006).
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A. Peruzzo, M. Lobino, J. C. F. Matthews, N. Matsuda, A. Politi, K. Poulios, X.-Q. Zhou, Y. Lahini, N. Ismail, K. Wörhoff, Y. Bromberg, Y. Silberberg, M. G. Thompson, and J. L. OBrien, “Quantum walks of correlated photons,” Science 329, 1500–1503 (2010).
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M. C. Rechtsman, J. M. Zeuner, Y. Plotnik, Y. Lumer, D. Podolsky, F. Dreisow, S. Nolte, M. Segev, and A. Szameit, “Photonic Floquet topological insulators,” Nature 496, 196–200 (2013).
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Y. Plotnik, O. Peleg, F. Dreisow, M. Heinrich, S. Nolte, A. Szameit, and M. Segev, “Experimental observation of optical bound states in the continuum,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 183901 (2011).
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M. C. Rechtsman, J. M. Zeuner, Y. Plotnik, Y. Lumer, D. Podolsky, F. Dreisow, S. Nolte, M. Segev, and A. Szameit, “Photonic Floquet topological insulators,” Nature 496, 196–200 (2013).
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A. Peruzzo, M. Lobino, J. C. F. Matthews, N. Matsuda, A. Politi, K. Poulios, X.-Q. Zhou, Y. Lahini, N. Ismail, K. Wörhoff, Y. Bromberg, Y. Silberberg, M. G. Thompson, and J. L. OBrien, “Quantum walks of correlated photons,” Science 329, 1500–1503 (2010).
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A. Peruzzo, M. Lobino, J. C. F. Matthews, N. Matsuda, A. Politi, K. Poulios, X.-Q. Zhou, Y. Lahini, N. Ismail, K. Wörhoff, Y. Bromberg, Y. Silberberg, M. G. Thompson, and J. L. OBrien, “Quantum walks of correlated photons,” Science 329, 1500–1503 (2010).
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H. B. Perets, Y. Lahini, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, and Y. Silberberg, “Realization of quantum walks with negligible decoherence in waveguide lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 170506 (2008).
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M. C. Rechtsman, J. M. Zeuner, Y. Plotnik, Y. Lumer, D. Podolsky, F. Dreisow, S. Nolte, M. Segev, and A. Szameit, “Photonic Floquet topological insulators,” Nature 496, 196–200 (2013).
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M. C. Rechtsman, Y. Lumer, Y. Plotnik, A. Perez-Leija, A. Szameit, and M. Segev, “Topological protection of path entanglement in photonic quantum walks,” in CLEO, OSA Technical Digest (2015), paper FW4A.4.

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T. Kitagawa, E. Berg, M. Rudner, and E. Demler, “Topological characterization of periodically driven quantum systems,” Phys. Rev. B 82, 235114 (2010).
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L. Levi, M. Rechtsman, B. Freedman, T. Schwartz, O. Manela, and M. Segev, “Disorder-enhanced transport in photonic quasicrystals,” Science 332, 1541–1544 (2011).
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T. Schwartz, G. Bartal, S. Fishman, and M. Segev, “Transport and Anderson localization in disordered two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Nature 446, 52–55 (2007).
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Segev, M.

M. C. Rechtsman, J. M. Zeuner, Y. Plotnik, Y. Lumer, D. Podolsky, F. Dreisow, S. Nolte, M. Segev, and A. Szameit, “Photonic Floquet topological insulators,” Nature 496, 196–200 (2013).
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Y. Plotnik, O. Peleg, F. Dreisow, M. Heinrich, S. Nolte, A. Szameit, and M. Segev, “Experimental observation of optical bound states in the continuum,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 183901 (2011).
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L. Levi, M. Rechtsman, B. Freedman, T. Schwartz, O. Manela, and M. Segev, “Disorder-enhanced transport in photonic quasicrystals,” Science 332, 1541–1544 (2011).
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T. Schwartz, G. Bartal, S. Fishman, and M. Segev, “Transport and Anderson localization in disordered two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Nature 446, 52–55 (2007).
[Crossref]

O. Peleg, G. Bartal, B. Freedman, O. Manela, M. Segev, and D. N. Christodoulides, “Conical diffraction and gap solitons in honeycomb photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 103901 (2007).
[Crossref]

B. Freedman, G. Bartal, M. Segev, R. Lifshitz, D. N. Christodoulides, and J. W. Fleischer, “Wave and defect dynamics in nonlinear photonic quasicrystals,” Nature 440, 1166–1169 (2006).
[Crossref]

M. C. Rechtsman, Y. Lumer, Y. Plotnik, A. Perez-Leija, A. Szameit, and M. Segev, “Topological protection of path entanglement in photonic quantum walks,” in CLEO, OSA Technical Digest (2015), paper FW4A.4.

Shvets, G.

A. B. Khanikaev, S. Hossein Mousavi, W.-K. Tse, M. Kargarian, A. H. MacDonald, and G. Shvets, “Photonic topological insulators,” Nat. Mater. 12, 233–239 (2013).
[Crossref]

Silberberg, Y.

Y. Lahini, Y. Bromberg, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Quantum correlations in two-particle Anderson localization,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 163905 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. Peruzzo, M. Lobino, J. C. F. Matthews, N. Matsuda, A. Politi, K. Poulios, X.-Q. Zhou, Y. Lahini, N. Ismail, K. Wörhoff, Y. Bromberg, Y. Silberberg, M. G. Thompson, and J. L. OBrien, “Quantum walks of correlated photons,” Science 329, 1500–1503 (2010).
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I. Afek, O. Ambar, and Y. Silberberg, “High-NOON states by mixing quantum and classical light,” Science 328, 879–881 (2010).
[Crossref]

Y. Bromberg, Y. Lahini, R. Morandotti, and Y. Silberberg, “Quantum and classical correlations in waveguide lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 253904 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. Lahini, A. Avidan, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Anderson localization and nonlinearity in one-dimensional disordered photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013906 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. B. Perets, Y. Lahini, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, and Y. Silberberg, “Realization of quantum walks with negligible decoherence in waveguide lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 170506 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. Morandotti, U. Peschel, J. S. Aitchison, H. S. Eisenberg, and Y. Silberberg, “Experimental observation of linear and nonlinear optical Bloch oscillations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4756–4759 (1999).
[Crossref]

Soljacic, M.

Z. Wang, Y. Chong, J. D. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljačić, “Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological electromagnetic states,” Nature 461, 772–775 (2009).
[Crossref]

Z. Wang, Y. D. Chong, J. D. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljačić, “Reflection-free one-way edge modes in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013905 (2008).
[Crossref]

Sorel, M.

H. B. Perets, Y. Lahini, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, and Y. Silberberg, “Realization of quantum walks with negligible decoherence in waveguide lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 170506 (2008).
[Crossref]

Y. Lahini, A. Avidan, F. Pozzi, M. Sorel, R. Morandotti, D. N. Christodoulides, and Y. Silberberg, “Anderson localization and nonlinearity in one-dimensional disordered photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013906 (2008).
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H. Trompeter, W. Krolikowski, D. N. Neshev, A. S. Desyatnikov, A. A. Sukhorukov, Y. S. Kivshar, T. Pertsch, U. Peschel, and F. Lederer, “Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 053903 (2006).
[Crossref]

Szameit, A.

M. C. Rechtsman, J. M. Zeuner, Y. Plotnik, Y. Lumer, D. Podolsky, F. Dreisow, S. Nolte, M. Segev, and A. Szameit, “Photonic Floquet topological insulators,” Nature 496, 196–200 (2013).
[Crossref]

Y. Plotnik, O. Peleg, F. Dreisow, M. Heinrich, S. Nolte, A. Szameit, and M. Segev, “Experimental observation of optical bound states in the continuum,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 183901 (2011).
[Crossref]

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Taylor, J. M.

M. Hafezi, S. Mittal, J. Fan, A. Migdall, and J. M. Taylor, “Imaging topological edge states in silicon photonics,” Nat. Photonics 7, 1001–1005 (2013).

M. Hafezi, E. A. Demler, M. D. Lukin, and J. M. Taylor, “Robust optical delay lines with topological protection,” Nat. Phys. 7, 907–912 (2011).
[Crossref]

Thompson, M. G.

A. Peruzzo, M. Lobino, J. C. F. Matthews, N. Matsuda, A. Politi, K. Poulios, X.-Q. Zhou, Y. Lahini, N. Ismail, K. Wörhoff, Y. Bromberg, Y. Silberberg, M. G. Thompson, and J. L. OBrien, “Quantum walks of correlated photons,” Science 329, 1500–1503 (2010).
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H. Trompeter, W. Krolikowski, D. N. Neshev, A. S. Desyatnikov, A. A. Sukhorukov, Y. S. Kivshar, T. Pertsch, U. Peschel, and F. Lederer, “Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in two-dimensional photonic lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 053903 (2006).
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Supplementary Material (9)

NameDescription
» Supplement 1: PDF (1094 KB)      Supplemental document
» Visualization 1: MP4 (9 KB)      Non-topological, anti-NOON, no disorder
» Visualization 2: MP4 (13 KB)      Non-topological, anti-NOON, with disorder
» Visualization 3: MP4 (14 KB)      Non-topological, NOON, no disorder
» Visualization 4: MP4 (14 KB)      Non-topological, NOON, with disorder
» Visualization 5: MP4 (20 KB)      Topological, anti-NOON, no disorder
» Visualization 6: MP4 (20 KB)      Topological, anti-NOON, with disorder
» Visualization 7: MP4 (53 KB)      Topological, NOON, no disorder
» Visualization 8: MP4 (69 KB)      Topological, NOON, with disorder

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. We consider an injected NOON state based on spatially separated input states. They scatter off a defect in the topologically trivial 1D lattice, resulting in reflected and transmitted wave packets.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Honeycomb lattice of helical waveguides forms a PFTI [10]. (b) The band structure in the topological case (edge states cross the bandgap). (c) The probing effects of disorder: the two-photon state is injected in the “clean” region (left), and enters the disordered region (right).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Correlation map evolution along the edge of the photonic topological insulator depicted in Fig. 2(c) for: (a) the NOON state with no disorder; (b) the anti-NOON state with no disorder; (c) the NOON state with disorder; (d) the anti-NOON state with disorder. The disorder starts half way through. Here we see that the presence of disorder has not caused a strong change in the qualitative behavior of the correlation map (see Fig. 4 for a comparison with the topologically trivial case).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Figures show the correlation map evolution in the topologically trivial 1D array for NOON states, in two cases: without (top row) and with (bottom row) disorder present. It is clear that the defect destroys the nature of the photon correlations (disorder interface at dotted line).

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Evolution of the “NOONity” as a function of z for: (a) a NOON state on the nontopological edge; (b) an anti-NOON state on the nontopological edge; (c) a NOON state on the topological edge; (d) an anti-NOON state on the topological edge. In the topologically trivial cases (a) and (b), NOONity and anti-NOONity are destroyed by disorder, whereas in the topological cases (c) and (d) they are largely conserved. The blue points indicate the clean case (disorder, W = 0 ); the red points indicate the disordered case ( W = c / 2 ).

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Equations (4)

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I l † → U I l † U † = r R r † + t T l † and I r † → U I r † U † = r R l † + t T r † ,
| ψ ( 0 ) ⟩ → | ψ ( t ) ⟩ = 1 2 U ( I l † I l † + I r † I r † ) U † | 0 ⟩ = 1 2 [ ( U I l † U † ) ( U I l † U † ) + ( U I r † U † ) ( U I r † U † ) ] | 0 ⟩ . = 1 2 [ ( r R r † + t T l † ) ( r R r † + t T l † ) + ( r R l † + t T r † ) ( r R l † + t T r † ) ] | 0 ⟩ = 1 2 [ r 2 R r † R r † + t 2 T l † T l † + 2 t r T l † R r † + r 2 R l † R l † + t 2 T r † T r † + 2 t r T r † R l † ] | 0 ⟩ .
i ∂ z a n † = ∑ ⟨ m ⟩ c e i A 0 ( cos   Ω z , sin   Ω z ) · r m n a m † + u n a n † ≡ ∑ m H n m ( z ) a m † ,
N ≡ ∑ m n Γ m m Γ n n − Γ m n 2 .

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