Improving UV stability of tolane-liquid crystals in photonic applications by the ortho fluorine substitution

R. Chen, Y. Jiang, J. Li, Z. An, X. Chen, and P. Chen, “Dielectric and optical anisotropy enhanced by 1,3-dioxolane terminal substitution on tolane-liquid crystals,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(33), 8706–8711 (2015).
[Crossref]

Z. Luo, F. Peng, H. Chen, M. Hu, J. Li, Z. An, and S.-T. Wu, “Fast-response liquid crystals for high image quality wearable displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(3), 603–610 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Chen, Z. W. An, X. B. Chen, and P. Chen, “Syntheses and properties of four-ring liquid crystals with ethylene and internal alkyne bridge,” Chem. J. Chinese Universities 35(7), 1433–1438 (2014).

A. Yuki, K. Sungmin, N. Shunpei, S. Koichi, K. Susumu, W. Junji, and K. Genichi, “Synthesis of new wide nematic diaryl-diacetylenes containing thiophene-based heteromonocyclic and heterobicyclic structures, and their birefringence properties,” Liq. Cryst. 41(5), 642–651 (2014).
[Crossref]

P. L. Praveen and P. O. Durga, “Effect of substituent on UV-visible absorption and photostability of liquid crystals: DFT study,” Phase Transit. 87(5), 515–525 (2014).
[Crossref]

M. Zhang, X. Guo, S. Zhang, and J. Hou, “Synergistic effect of fluorination on molecular energy level modulation in highly efficient photovoltaic polymers,” Adv. Mater. 26(7), 1118–1123 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Y. Si, Y. H. Zhao, E. S. P. Leong, and Y. J. Liu, “Liquid-crystal-enabled active plasmonics: a review,” Materials (Basel) 7(2), 1296–1317 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Dąbrowski, P. Kula, and J. Herman, “High birefringence liquid crystals,” Crystals 3(3), 443–482 (2013).
[Crossref]

T. Geelhaar, K. Griesar, and B. Reckmann, “125 years of liquid crystals--a scientific revolution in the home,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52(34), 8798–8809 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Li, W. He, L. Wang, X. Xiao, and H. Yang, “Effect of lateral fluoro substituents of rodlike tolane cyano mesogens on blue phase temperature ranges,” Soft Matter 9(4), 1172–1177 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, S. Lee, C. Lee, and K. Char, “Perspective on synthesis, device structures, and printing processes for quantum dot displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(5), 594–628 (2012).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

W. Lee and S.-T. Wu, “Focus issue introduction: liquid crystal materials for photonic applications,” Opt. Mater. Express 1(8), 1585–1587 (2011).
[Crossref]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. Hunter, A. M. Z. Slawin, P. Kirsch, and D. O’Hagan, “Synthesis and conformation of multi-vicinal fluoroalkane diastereoisomers,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46(41), 7887–7890 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Gauza, X. Zhu, K. Piecek, R. Dąbrowski, and S. T. Wu, “Fast switching liquid crystals for color-sequential LCDs,” J. Disp. Technol. 3(3), 250–252 (2007).
[Crossref]

M. Hird, “Fluorinated liquid crystals--properties and applications,” Chem. Soc. Rev. 36(12), 2070–2095 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. M. Liao, H. L. Chen, C. S. Hsu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of super high birefringence isothiocyanato bistolane liquid crystals,” Liq. Cryst. 34(4), 507–517 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. Wu, S. T. Wu, A. Spadlo, and R. Dąbrowski, “Fast-response nematic liquid-crystal mixtures,” Journal of the SID 14(3), 241–246 (2006).

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, S. T. Wu, R. Dąbrowski, C. S. Hsu, C. O. Catanescu, and L. C. Chien, “High birefringence liquid crystals for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE 5947, 594706 (2005).
[Crossref]

P. T. Lin, S. T. Wu, C. Y. Chang, and C. S. Hsu, “UV stability of high birefringence liquid crystals,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 411(1), 1285–1295 (2004).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. J. Tan, and S. T. Wu, “UV stable high birefringence liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(10), 7176–7180 (2004).
[Crossref]

C. H. Wen, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Ultraviolet stability of liquid crystals containing cyano and isothiocyanato terminal groups,” Liq. Cryst. 31(11), 1479–1485 (2004).
[Crossref]

H. F. Chow, C. W. Wan, K. H. Low, and Y. Y. Yeung, “A highly selective synthesis of diarylethynes and their oligomers by a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction under phase transfer conditions,” J. Org. Chem. 66(5), 1910–1913 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. T. Wu, E. Ramos, and U. Finkenzeller, “Polarized UV spectroscopy of conjugated liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 68(1), 78–85 (1990).
[Crossref]

Z. Luo, F. Peng, H. Chen, M. Hu, J. Li, Z. An, and S.-T. Wu, “Fast-response liquid crystals for high image quality wearable displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(3), 603–610 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Chen, Y. Jiang, J. Li, Z. An, X. Chen, and P. Chen, “Dielectric and optical anisotropy enhanced by 1,3-dioxolane terminal substitution on tolane-liquid crystals,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(33), 8706–8711 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Chen, Z. W. An, X. B. Chen, and P. Chen, “Syntheses and properties of four-ring liquid crystals with ethylene and internal alkyne bridge,” Chem. J. Chinese Universities 35(7), 1433–1438 (2014).

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, S. Lee, C. Lee, and K. Char, “Perspective on synthesis, device structures, and printing processes for quantum dot displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(5), 594–628 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, S. T. Wu, R. Dąbrowski, C. S. Hsu, C. O. Catanescu, and L. C. Chien, “High birefringence liquid crystals for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE 5947, 594706 (2005).
[Crossref]

P. T. Lin, S. T. Wu, C. Y. Chang, and C. S. Hsu, “UV stability of high birefringence liquid crystals,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 411(1), 1285–1295 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, S. Lee, C. Lee, and K. Char, “Perspective on synthesis, device structures, and printing processes for quantum dot displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(5), 594–628 (2012).
[Crossref]

Z. Luo, F. Peng, H. Chen, M. Hu, J. Li, Z. An, and S.-T. Wu, “Fast-response liquid crystals for high image quality wearable displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(3), 603–610 (2015).
[Crossref]

Y. M. Liao, H. L. Chen, C. S. Hsu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of super high birefringence isothiocyanato bistolane liquid crystals,” Liq. Cryst. 34(4), 507–517 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. Chen, Y. Jiang, J. Li, Z. An, X. Chen, and P. Chen, “Dielectric and optical anisotropy enhanced by 1,3-dioxolane terminal substitution on tolane-liquid crystals,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(33), 8706–8711 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Chen, Z. W. An, X. B. Chen, and P. Chen, “Syntheses and properties of four-ring liquid crystals with ethylene and internal alkyne bridge,” Chem. J. Chinese Universities 35(7), 1433–1438 (2014).

R. Chen, Y. Jiang, J. Li, Z. An, X. Chen, and P. Chen, “Dielectric and optical anisotropy enhanced by 1,3-dioxolane terminal substitution on tolane-liquid crystals,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(33), 8706–8711 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Chen, Z. W. An, X. B. Chen, and P. Chen, “Syntheses and properties of four-ring liquid crystals with ethylene and internal alkyne bridge,” Chem. J. Chinese Universities 35(7), 1433–1438 (2014).

R. Chen, Y. Jiang, J. Li, Z. An, X. Chen, and P. Chen, “Dielectric and optical anisotropy enhanced by 1,3-dioxolane terminal substitution on tolane-liquid crystals,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(33), 8706–8711 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Chen, Z. W. An, X. B. Chen, and P. Chen, “Syntheses and properties of four-ring liquid crystals with ethylene and internal alkyne bridge,” Chem. J. Chinese Universities 35(7), 1433–1438 (2014).

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, S. T. Wu, R. Dąbrowski, C. S. Hsu, C. O. Catanescu, and L. C. Chien, “High birefringence liquid crystals for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE 5947, 594706 (2005).
[Crossref]

H. F. Chow, C. W. Wan, K. H. Low, and Y. Y. Yeung, “A highly selective synthesis of diarylethynes and their oligomers by a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction under phase transfer conditions,” J. Org. Chem. 66(5), 1910–1913 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Dąbrowski, P. Kula, and J. Herman, “High birefringence liquid crystals,” Crystals 3(3), 443–482 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, X. Zhu, K. Piecek, R. Dąbrowski, and S. T. Wu, “Fast switching liquid crystals for color-sequential LCDs,” J. Disp. Technol. 3(3), 250–252 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. Wu, S. T. Wu, A. Spadlo, and R. Dąbrowski, “Fast-response nematic liquid-crystal mixtures,” Journal of the SID 14(3), 241–246 (2006).

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, S. T. Wu, R. Dąbrowski, C. S. Hsu, C. O. Catanescu, and L. C. Chien, “High birefringence liquid crystals for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE 5947, 594706 (2005).
[Crossref]

P. L. Praveen and P. O. Durga, “Effect of substituent on UV-visible absorption and photostability of liquid crystals: DFT study,” Phase Transit. 87(5), 515–525 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. T. Wu, E. Ramos, and U. Finkenzeller, “Polarized UV spectroscopy of conjugated liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 68(1), 78–85 (1990).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, X. Zhu, K. Piecek, R. Dąbrowski, and S. T. Wu, “Fast switching liquid crystals for color-sequential LCDs,” J. Disp. Technol. 3(3), 250–252 (2007).
[Crossref]

Y. M. Liao, H. L. Chen, C. S. Hsu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of super high birefringence isothiocyanato bistolane liquid crystals,” Liq. Cryst. 34(4), 507–517 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. Wu, S. T. Wu, A. Spadlo, and R. Dąbrowski, “Fast-response nematic liquid-crystal mixtures,” Journal of the SID 14(3), 241–246 (2006).

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, S. T. Wu, R. Dąbrowski, C. S. Hsu, C. O. Catanescu, and L. C. Chien, “High birefringence liquid crystals for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE 5947, 594706 (2005).
[Crossref]

C. H. Wen, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Ultraviolet stability of liquid crystals containing cyano and isothiocyanato terminal groups,” Liq. Cryst. 31(11), 1479–1485 (2004).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. J. Tan, and S. T. Wu, “UV stable high birefringence liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(10), 7176–7180 (2004).
[Crossref]

T. Geelhaar, K. Griesar, and B. Reckmann, “125 years of liquid crystals--a scientific revolution in the home,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52(34), 8798–8809 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Yuki, K. Sungmin, N. Shunpei, S. Koichi, K. Susumu, W. Junji, and K. Genichi, “Synthesis of new wide nematic diaryl-diacetylenes containing thiophene-based heteromonocyclic and heterobicyclic structures, and their birefringence properties,” Liq. Cryst. 41(5), 642–651 (2014).
[Crossref]

T. Geelhaar, K. Griesar, and B. Reckmann, “125 years of liquid crystals--a scientific revolution in the home,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52(34), 8798–8809 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Zhang, X. Guo, S. Zhang, and J. Hou, “Synergistic effect of fluorination on molecular energy level modulation in highly efficient photovoltaic polymers,” Adv. Mater. 26(7), 1118–1123 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

B. Li, W. He, L. Wang, X. Xiao, and H. Yang, “Effect of lateral fluoro substituents of rodlike tolane cyano mesogens on blue phase temperature ranges,” Soft Matter 9(4), 1172–1177 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Dąbrowski, P. Kula, and J. Herman, “High birefringence liquid crystals,” Crystals 3(3), 443–482 (2013).
[Crossref]

M. Hird, “Fluorinated liquid crystals--properties and applications,” Chem. Soc. Rev. 36(12), 2070–2095 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Zhang, X. Guo, S. Zhang, and J. Hou, “Synergistic effect of fluorination on molecular energy level modulation in highly efficient photovoltaic polymers,” Adv. Mater. 26(7), 1118–1123 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. M. Liao, H. L. Chen, C. S. Hsu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of super high birefringence isothiocyanato bistolane liquid crystals,” Liq. Cryst. 34(4), 507–517 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, S. T. Wu, R. Dąbrowski, C. S. Hsu, C. O. Catanescu, and L. C. Chien, “High birefringence liquid crystals for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE 5947, 594706 (2005).
[Crossref]

P. T. Lin, S. T. Wu, C. Y. Chang, and C. S. Hsu, “UV stability of high birefringence liquid crystals,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 411(1), 1285–1295 (2004).
[Crossref]

Z. Luo, F. Peng, H. Chen, M. Hu, J. Li, Z. An, and S.-T. Wu, “Fast-response liquid crystals for high image quality wearable displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(3), 603–610 (2015).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

L. Hunter, A. M. Z. Slawin, P. Kirsch, and D. O’Hagan, “Synthesis and conformation of multi-vicinal fluoroalkane diastereoisomers,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46(41), 7887–7890 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Chen, Y. Jiang, J. Li, Z. An, X. Chen, and P. Chen, “Dielectric and optical anisotropy enhanced by 1,3-dioxolane terminal substitution on tolane-liquid crystals,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(33), 8706–8711 (2015).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. Yuki, K. Sungmin, N. Shunpei, S. Koichi, K. Susumu, W. Junji, and K. Genichi, “Synthesis of new wide nematic diaryl-diacetylenes containing thiophene-based heteromonocyclic and heterobicyclic structures, and their birefringence properties,” Liq. Cryst. 41(5), 642–651 (2014).
[Crossref]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. Hunter, A. M. Z. Slawin, P. Kirsch, and D. O’Hagan, “Synthesis and conformation of multi-vicinal fluoroalkane diastereoisomers,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46(41), 7887–7890 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Yuki, K. Sungmin, N. Shunpei, S. Koichi, K. Susumu, W. Junji, and K. Genichi, “Synthesis of new wide nematic diaryl-diacetylenes containing thiophene-based heteromonocyclic and heterobicyclic structures, and their birefringence properties,” Liq. Cryst. 41(5), 642–651 (2014).
[Crossref]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. Dąbrowski, P. Kula, and J. Herman, “High birefringence liquid crystals,” Crystals 3(3), 443–482 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, S. Lee, C. Lee, and K. Char, “Perspective on synthesis, device structures, and printing processes for quantum dot displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(5), 594–628 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, S. Lee, C. Lee, and K. Char, “Perspective on synthesis, device structures, and printing processes for quantum dot displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(5), 594–628 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, S. Lee, C. Lee, and K. Char, “Perspective on synthesis, device structures, and printing processes for quantum dot displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(5), 594–628 (2012).
[Crossref]

W. Lee and S.-T. Wu, “Focus issue introduction: liquid crystal materials for photonic applications,” Opt. Mater. Express 1(8), 1585–1587 (2011).
[Crossref]

G. Y. Si, Y. H. Zhao, E. S. P. Leong, and Y. J. Liu, “Liquid-crystal-enabled active plasmonics: a review,” Materials (Basel) 7(2), 1296–1317 (2014).
[Crossref]

B. Li, W. He, L. Wang, X. Xiao, and H. Yang, “Effect of lateral fluoro substituents of rodlike tolane cyano mesogens on blue phase temperature ranges,” Soft Matter 9(4), 1172–1177 (2013).
[Crossref]

Z. Luo, F. Peng, H. Chen, M. Hu, J. Li, Z. An, and S.-T. Wu, “Fast-response liquid crystals for high image quality wearable displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(3), 603–610 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Chen, Y. Jiang, J. Li, Z. An, X. Chen, and P. Chen, “Dielectric and optical anisotropy enhanced by 1,3-dioxolane terminal substitution on tolane-liquid crystals,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(33), 8706–8711 (2015).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

Y. M. Liao, H. L. Chen, C. S. Hsu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of super high birefringence isothiocyanato bistolane liquid crystals,” Liq. Cryst. 34(4), 507–517 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, S. Lee, C. Lee, and K. Char, “Perspective on synthesis, device structures, and printing processes for quantum dot displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(5), 594–628 (2012).
[Crossref]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

P. T. Lin, S. T. Wu, C. Y. Chang, and C. S. Hsu, “UV stability of high birefringence liquid crystals,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 411(1), 1285–1295 (2004).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

G. Y. Si, Y. H. Zhao, E. S. P. Leong, and Y. J. Liu, “Liquid-crystal-enabled active plasmonics: a review,” Materials (Basel) 7(2), 1296–1317 (2014).
[Crossref]

H. F. Chow, C. W. Wan, K. H. Low, and Y. Y. Yeung, “A highly selective synthesis of diarylethynes and their oligomers by a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction under phase transfer conditions,” J. Org. Chem. 66(5), 1910–1913 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

Z. Luo, F. Peng, H. Chen, M. Hu, J. Li, Z. An, and S.-T. Wu, “Fast-response liquid crystals for high image quality wearable displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(3), 603–610 (2015).
[Crossref]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. Hunter, A. M. Z. Slawin, P. Kirsch, and D. O’Hagan, “Synthesis and conformation of multi-vicinal fluoroalkane diastereoisomers,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46(41), 7887–7890 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Luo, F. Peng, H. Chen, M. Hu, J. Li, Z. An, and S.-T. Wu, “Fast-response liquid crystals for high image quality wearable displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(3), 603–610 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, X. Zhu, K. Piecek, R. Dąbrowski, and S. T. Wu, “Fast switching liquid crystals for color-sequential LCDs,” J. Disp. Technol. 3(3), 250–252 (2007).
[Crossref]

P. L. Praveen and P. O. Durga, “Effect of substituent on UV-visible absorption and photostability of liquid crystals: DFT study,” Phase Transit. 87(5), 515–525 (2014).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. T. Wu, E. Ramos, and U. Finkenzeller, “Polarized UV spectroscopy of conjugated liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 68(1), 78–85 (1990).
[Crossref]

T. Geelhaar, K. Griesar, and B. Reckmann, “125 years of liquid crystals--a scientific revolution in the home,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52(34), 8798–8809 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Yuki, K. Sungmin, N. Shunpei, S. Koichi, K. Susumu, W. Junji, and K. Genichi, “Synthesis of new wide nematic diaryl-diacetylenes containing thiophene-based heteromonocyclic and heterobicyclic structures, and their birefringence properties,” Liq. Cryst. 41(5), 642–651 (2014).
[Crossref]

G. Y. Si, Y. H. Zhao, E. S. P. Leong, and Y. J. Liu, “Liquid-crystal-enabled active plasmonics: a review,” Materials (Basel) 7(2), 1296–1317 (2014).
[Crossref]

L. Hunter, A. M. Z. Slawin, P. Kirsch, and D. O’Hagan, “Synthesis and conformation of multi-vicinal fluoroalkane diastereoisomers,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46(41), 7887–7890 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. Wu, S. T. Wu, A. Spadlo, and R. Dąbrowski, “Fast-response nematic liquid-crystal mixtures,” Journal of the SID 14(3), 241–246 (2006).

A. Yuki, K. Sungmin, N. Shunpei, S. Koichi, K. Susumu, W. Junji, and K. Genichi, “Synthesis of new wide nematic diaryl-diacetylenes containing thiophene-based heteromonocyclic and heterobicyclic structures, and their birefringence properties,” Liq. Cryst. 41(5), 642–651 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Yuki, K. Sungmin, N. Shunpei, S. Koichi, K. Susumu, W. Junji, and K. Genichi, “Synthesis of new wide nematic diaryl-diacetylenes containing thiophene-based heteromonocyclic and heterobicyclic structures, and their birefringence properties,” Liq. Cryst. 41(5), 642–651 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. J. Tan, and S. T. Wu, “UV stable high birefringence liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(10), 7176–7180 (2004).
[Crossref]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

H. F. Chow, C. W. Wan, K. H. Low, and Y. Y. Yeung, “A highly selective synthesis of diarylethynes and their oligomers by a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction under phase transfer conditions,” J. Org. Chem. 66(5), 1910–1913 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Li, W. He, L. Wang, X. Xiao, and H. Yang, “Effect of lateral fluoro substituents of rodlike tolane cyano mesogens on blue phase temperature ranges,” Soft Matter 9(4), 1172–1177 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. Wu, S. T. Wu, A. Spadlo, and R. Dąbrowski, “Fast-response nematic liquid-crystal mixtures,” Journal of the SID 14(3), 241–246 (2006).

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, S. T. Wu, R. Dąbrowski, C. S. Hsu, C. O. Catanescu, and L. C. Chien, “High birefringence liquid crystals for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE 5947, 594706 (2005).
[Crossref]

C. H. Wen, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Ultraviolet stability of liquid crystals containing cyano and isothiocyanato terminal groups,” Liq. Cryst. 31(11), 1479–1485 (2004).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. J. Tan, and S. T. Wu, “UV stable high birefringence liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(10), 7176–7180 (2004).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. Wu, S. T. Wu, A. Spadlo, and R. Dąbrowski, “Fast-response nematic liquid-crystal mixtures,” Journal of the SID 14(3), 241–246 (2006).

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

Y. M. Liao, H. L. Chen, C. S. Hsu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of super high birefringence isothiocyanato bistolane liquid crystals,” Liq. Cryst. 34(4), 507–517 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, X. Zhu, K. Piecek, R. Dąbrowski, and S. T. Wu, “Fast switching liquid crystals for color-sequential LCDs,” J. Disp. Technol. 3(3), 250–252 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. Wu, S. T. Wu, A. Spadlo, and R. Dąbrowski, “Fast-response nematic liquid-crystal mixtures,” Journal of the SID 14(3), 241–246 (2006).

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, S. T. Wu, R. Dąbrowski, C. S. Hsu, C. O. Catanescu, and L. C. Chien, “High birefringence liquid crystals for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE 5947, 594706 (2005).
[Crossref]

C. H. Wen, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Ultraviolet stability of liquid crystals containing cyano and isothiocyanato terminal groups,” Liq. Cryst. 31(11), 1479–1485 (2004).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. J. Tan, and S. T. Wu, “UV stable high birefringence liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(10), 7176–7180 (2004).
[Crossref]

P. T. Lin, S. T. Wu, C. Y. Chang, and C. S. Hsu, “UV stability of high birefringence liquid crystals,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 411(1), 1285–1295 (2004).
[Crossref]

S. T. Wu, E. Ramos, and U. Finkenzeller, “Polarized UV spectroscopy of conjugated liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 68(1), 78–85 (1990).
[Crossref]

Z. Luo, F. Peng, H. Chen, M. Hu, J. Li, Z. An, and S.-T. Wu, “Fast-response liquid crystals for high image quality wearable displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(3), 603–610 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Lee and S.-T. Wu, “Focus issue introduction: liquid crystal materials for photonic applications,” Opt. Mater. Express 1(8), 1585–1587 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. Li, W. He, L. Wang, X. Xiao, and H. Yang, “Effect of lateral fluoro substituents of rodlike tolane cyano mesogens on blue phase temperature ranges,” Soft Matter 9(4), 1172–1177 (2013).
[Crossref]

B. Li, W. He, L. Wang, X. Xiao, and H. Yang, “Effect of lateral fluoro substituents of rodlike tolane cyano mesogens on blue phase temperature ranges,” Soft Matter 9(4), 1172–1177 (2013).
[Crossref]

H. F. Chow, C. W. Wan, K. H. Low, and Y. Y. Yeung, “A highly selective synthesis of diarylethynes and their oligomers by a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction under phase transfer conditions,” J. Org. Chem. 66(5), 1910–1913 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. Yuki, K. Sungmin, N. Shunpei, S. Koichi, K. Susumu, W. Junji, and K. Genichi, “Synthesis of new wide nematic diaryl-diacetylenes containing thiophene-based heteromonocyclic and heterobicyclic structures, and their birefringence properties,” Liq. Cryst. 41(5), 642–651 (2014).
[Crossref]

M. Zhang, X. Guo, S. Zhang, and J. Hou, “Synergistic effect of fluorination on molecular energy level modulation in highly efficient photovoltaic polymers,” Adv. Mater. 26(7), 1118–1123 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Zhang, X. Guo, S. Zhang, and J. Hou, “Synergistic effect of fluorination on molecular energy level modulation in highly efficient photovoltaic polymers,” Adv. Mater. 26(7), 1118–1123 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Y. Si, Y. H. Zhao, E. S. P. Leong, and Y. J. Liu, “Liquid-crystal-enabled active plasmonics: a review,” Materials (Basel) 7(2), 1296–1317 (2014).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, X. Zhu, K. Piecek, R. Dąbrowski, and S. T. Wu, “Fast switching liquid crystals for color-sequential LCDs,” J. Disp. Technol. 3(3), 250–252 (2007).
[Crossref]

M. Zhang, X. Guo, S. Zhang, and J. Hou, “Synergistic effect of fluorination on molecular energy level modulation in highly efficient photovoltaic polymers,” Adv. Mater. 26(7), 1118–1123 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Hunter, A. M. Z. Slawin, P. Kirsch, and D. O’Hagan, “Synthesis and conformation of multi-vicinal fluoroalkane diastereoisomers,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46(41), 7887–7890 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Geelhaar, K. Griesar, and B. Reckmann, “125 years of liquid crystals--a scientific revolution in the home,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52(34), 8798–8809 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Chen, Z. W. An, X. B. Chen, and P. Chen, “Syntheses and properties of four-ring liquid crystals with ethylene and internal alkyne bridge,” Chem. J. Chinese Universities 35(7), 1433–1438 (2014).

M. Hird, “Fluorinated liquid crystals--properties and applications,” Chem. Soc. Rev. 36(12), 2070–2095 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Dąbrowski, P. Kula, and J. Herman, “High birefringence liquid crystals,” Crystals 3(3), 443–482 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. T. Wu, E. Ramos, and U. Finkenzeller, “Polarized UV spectroscopy of conjugated liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 68(1), 78–85 (1990).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, X. Zhu, K. Piecek, R. Dąbrowski, and S. T. Wu, “Fast switching liquid crystals for color-sequential LCDs,” J. Disp. Technol. 3(3), 250–252 (2007).
[Crossref]

I. C. Khoo, S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. D. Liou, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. J. Hagan, and S. E. W. Van, “Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of a neat liquid 4-propyl 4′-butyl diphenyl acetylene,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7525–7531 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. Chen, Y. Jiang, J. Li, Z. An, X. Chen, and P. Chen, “Dielectric and optical anisotropy enhanced by 1,3-dioxolane terminal substitution on tolane-liquid crystals,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(33), 8706–8711 (2015).
[Crossref]

H. F. Chow, C. W. Wan, K. H. Low, and Y. Y. Yeung, “A highly selective synthesis of diarylethynes and their oligomers by a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction under phase transfer conditions,” J. Org. Chem. 66(5), 1910–1913 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. Wu, S. T. Wu, A. Spadlo, and R. Dąbrowski, “Fast-response nematic liquid-crystal mixtures,” Journal of the SID 14(3), 241–246 (2006).

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, B. J. Tan, and S. T. Wu, “UV stable high birefringence liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(10), 7176–7180 (2004).
[Crossref]

A. Yuki, K. Sungmin, N. Shunpei, S. Koichi, K. Susumu, W. Junji, and K. Genichi, “Synthesis of new wide nematic diaryl-diacetylenes containing thiophene-based heteromonocyclic and heterobicyclic structures, and their birefringence properties,” Liq. Cryst. 41(5), 642–651 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. H. Wen, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Ultraviolet stability of liquid crystals containing cyano and isothiocyanato terminal groups,” Liq. Cryst. 31(11), 1479–1485 (2004).
[Crossref]

Y. M. Liao, H. L. Chen, C. S. Hsu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of super high birefringence isothiocyanato bistolane liquid crystals,” Liq. Cryst. 34(4), 507–517 (2007).
[Crossref]

G. Y. Si, Y. H. Zhao, E. S. P. Leong, and Y. J. Liu, “Liquid-crystal-enabled active plasmonics: a review,” Materials (Basel) 7(2), 1296–1317 (2014).
[Crossref]

P. T. Lin, S. T. Wu, C. Y. Chang, and C. S. Hsu, “UV stability of high birefringence liquid crystals,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 411(1), 1285–1295 (2004).
[Crossref]

W. Lee and S.-T. Wu, “Focus issue introduction: liquid crystal materials for photonic applications,” Opt. Mater. Express 1(8), 1585–1587 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, S. Lee, C. Lee, and K. Char, “Perspective on synthesis, device structures, and printing processes for quantum dot displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(5), 594–628 (2012).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Lin, X. Liang, J. Wu, W. Hu, Z. Zheng, B. Jin, Y. Qin, and Y. Lu, “Large birefringence liquid crystal material in terahertz range,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(10), 1314–1319 (2012).
[Crossref]

Z. Luo, F. Peng, H. Chen, M. Hu, J. Li, Z. An, and S.-T. Wu, “Fast-response liquid crystals for high image quality wearable displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(3), 603–610 (2015).
[Crossref]

P. L. Praveen and P. O. Durga, “Effect of substituent on UV-visible absorption and photostability of liquid crystals: DFT study,” Phase Transit. 87(5), 515–525 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Gauza, C. H. Wen, S. T. Wu, R. Dąbrowski, C. S. Hsu, C. O. Catanescu, and L. C. Chien, “High birefringence liquid crystals for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE 5947, 594706 (2005).
[Crossref]

B. Li, W. He, L. Wang, X. Xiao, and H. Yang, “Effect of lateral fluoro substituents of rodlike tolane cyano mesogens on blue phase temperature ranges,” Soft Matter 9(4), 1172–1177 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. T. Wu, “Molecular design strategies for high birefringence liquid crystals,” MRS. Symposium Proceedings 709, 219–228 (2002).

S. T. Wu and D. K. Yang, Reflective Liquid Crystal Displays (Wiley-SID, 2001).

N. Vieweg, C. Jansen, and M. Koch, “Liquid Crystals and their Applications in the THz Frequency Range,” in Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, K.-E. Peiponen et al, eds. (Berlin, 2013), pp. 301—326.