Abstract

Bismuth and erbium co-doped silicate fibres (BEDFs) and their potential for ultra-broadband applications are closely associated with the characteristics of defect sites ascribed to bismuth active centres (BACs). This work focusses on the absorption, emission, excited state absorption (ESA) and up-conversion characteristics of an aluminium (Al) related bismuth active centre (labelled as BAC-Al) in the BEDFs. The absorption and emission bands of BAC-Al are measured centred at ~1050 nm and ~1100 nm respectively, consistent with those previously ascribed in BDFs. We observed broad ESA over (920–1320) nm or (920−1500) nm in BEDFs under 830 nm pumping and found these to be linked to BAC-Al. The observed ESA consists of several individual ESA bands with the strongest ESA band centred at 1030 nm. The 1030 nm ESA band originates from the energy level emitting at 1100 nm of the BAC-Al and affects the 1100 nm emission significantly. The 1100 nm emission energy level of BAC-Al was found to be directly associated with ESA at 830 nm that leads to an up-conversion at 532 nm. With these findings we assess the role of Al or BAC-Al in BEDFs and discuss the improved design and operation of BEDFs for broadband applications.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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    [Crossref]
  3. E. M. Dianov, M. A. Melkumov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and I. A. Bufetov, “Bismuth-doped fibre amplifier for the range 1300–1340 nm,” Quantum Electron. 39(12), 1099–1101 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  4. M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Bufetov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Laser diode pumped bismuth-doped optical fiber amplifier for 1430 nm band,” Opt. Lett. 36(13), 2408–2410 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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  13. S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, I. A. Bufetov, E. G. Firstova, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Combined excitation-emission spectroscopy of bismuth active centers in optical fibers,” Opt. Express 19(20), 19551–19561 (2011).
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  18. K. E. Riumkin, M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Varfolomeev, A. V. Shubin, I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Excited-state absorption in various bismuth-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 39(8), 2503–2506 (2014).
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  19. A. S. Webb, A. J. Boyland, R. J. Standish, S. Yoo, J. K. Sahu, and D. N. Payne, “MCVD in-situ solution doping process for the fabrication of complex design large core rare-earth doped fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356(18-19), 848–851 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  20. I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, A. V. Shubin, S. L. Semenov, V. V. Vel’miskin, A. E. Levchenko, E. G. Firstova, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical gain and laser generation in bismuth-doped silica fibers free of other dopants,” Opt. Lett. 36(2), 166–168 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. E. M. Dianov, “Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a challenging active medium for near-IR lasers and optical amplifiers,” Light Sci. Appl. 12, 1–7 (2012).
  22. D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  23. T. M. Hau, X. Yu, D. Zhou, Z. Song, Z. Yang, R. Wang, and J. Qiu, “Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi–Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses,” Opt. Mater. 35(3), 487–490 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  24. A. V. Kir’yanov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, N. N. Il’ichev, N. S. Kozlova, and E. M. Dianov, “Influence of electron irradiation on optical properties of Bismuth doped silica fibers,” Opt. Express 19(7), 6599–6608 (2011).
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  25. V. V. Dvoyrin, A. V. Kir’yanov, V. M. Mashinsky, O. I. Medvedkov, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Absorption, gain, and laser action in bismuth-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(2), 182–190 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  26. I. Razdobreev, H. El. Hamzaoui, G. Bouwmans, M. Bouazaoui, and V. B. Arion, “Photoluminescence of sol-gel silica fiber preform doped with bismuth-containing heterotrinuclear complex,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(2), 205–213 (2012).
  27. S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, V. V. Velmiskin, E. G. Firstova, I. A. Bufetov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Anti-stokes luminescence in bismuth-doped silica and germania-based fibers,” Opt. Express 21(15), 18408–18413 (2013).
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  29. S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  30. M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Luthi, H. U. Gudel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  31. G. N. van den Hoven, E. Snoeks, A. Polman, C. van Dam, J. W. M. van Uffelen, and M. K. Smit, “Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 79(3), 1258 (1996).
    [Crossref]
  32. I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Visible luminescence and upconversion processes in Bi-doped silica based fibers pumped by IR radiation”, in Proceedings of ECOC 2008 (Brussels, Belgium, 2008), Tu.3.B.4.
  33. V. G. Truong, L. Bigot, A. Lerouge, M. Douay, and I. Razdobreev, “Study of thermal stability and luminescence quenching properties of bismuth-doped silicate glasses for fiber laser applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 041908 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  34. S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(4), 483–485 (2000).
    [Crossref]

2014 (2)

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, K. E. Riumkin, A. V. Shubin, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped optical fibers and fiber fasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. 20(5), 0903815 (2014).

K. E. Riumkin, M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Varfolomeev, A. V. Shubin, I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Excited-state absorption in various bismuth-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 39(8), 2503–2506 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (5)

J. Zhang, Z. M. Sathi, Y. Luo, J. Canning, and G. D. Peng, “Toward an ultra-broadband emission source based on the bismuth and erbium co-doped optical fiber and a single 830nm laser diode pump,” Opt. Express 21(6), 7786–7792 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, V. V. Velmiskin, E. G. Firstova, I. A. Bufetov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Anti-stokes luminescence in bismuth-doped silica and germania-based fibers,” Opt. Express 21(15), 18408–18413 (2013).
[PubMed]

E. M. Dianov, “Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a new active medium for NIR lasers and amplifiers,” Fiber Lasers X: Technology, Systems, and Applications, Proc. SPIE 8601, 86010 (2013).
[Crossref]

G. D. Peng, J. Zhang, Y. Luo, Z. Sathi, A. Zarean, and J. Canning, “Developing new active optical fibres with broadband emissions,” Proc. SPIE 8924, 89240 (2013).
[Crossref]

T. M. Hau, X. Yu, D. Zhou, Z. Song, Z. Yang, R. Wang, and J. Qiu, “Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi–Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses,” Opt. Mater. 35(3), 487–490 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (4)

E. M. Dianov, “Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a challenging active medium for near-IR lasers and optical amplifiers,” Light Sci. Appl. 12, 1–7 (2012).

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

I. Razdobreev, H. El. Hamzaoui, G. Bouwmans, M. Bouazaoui, and V. B. Arion, “Photoluminescence of sol-gel silica fiber preform doped with bismuth-containing heterotrinuclear complex,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(2), 205–213 (2012).

Y. Luo, J. Wen, J. Zhang, J. Canning, and G. D. Peng, “Bismuth and erbium codoped optical fiber with ultrabroadband luminescence across O-, E-, S-, C-, and L-bands,” Opt. Lett. 37(16), 3447–3449 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (4)

2010 (2)

V. V. Dvoyrin, A. V. Kir’yanov, V. M. Mashinsky, O. I. Medvedkov, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Absorption, gain, and laser action in bismuth-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(2), 182–190 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. S. Webb, A. J. Boyland, R. J. Standish, S. Yoo, J. K. Sahu, and D. N. Payne, “MCVD in-situ solution doping process for the fabrication of complex design large core rare-earth doped fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356(18-19), 848–851 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (4)

I. A. Bufetov and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped fiber lasers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(7), 487–504 (2009).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, M. A. Melkumov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and I. A. Bufetov, “Bismuth-doped fibre amplifier for the range 1300–1340 nm,” Quantum Electron. 39(12), 1099–1101 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. Yoo, M. P. Kalita, J. Nilsson, and J. Sahu, “Excited state absorption measurement in the 900-1250 nm wavelength range for bismuth-doped silicate fibers,” Opt. Lett. 34(4), 530–532 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (1)

V. G. Truong, L. Bigot, A. Lerouge, M. Douay, and I. Razdobreev, “Study of thermal stability and luminescence quenching properties of bismuth-doped silicate glasses for fiber laser applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 041908 (2008).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

Y. Fujimoto and M. Nakatsuka, “27Al NMR structural study on aluminum coordination state in bismuth doped silica glass,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352(21-22), 2254–2258 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

E. M. Dianov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, M. V. Yashkov, and A. N. Guryanov, “CW bismuth fiber laser,” Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1083–1084 (2005).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

2001 (1)

Y. Fujimoto and M. Nakatsuka, “Infrared luminescence from bismuth-doped silica glass,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(Part 2, No. 3B), L279–L281 (2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (2)

S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(4), 483–485 (2000).
[Crossref]

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Luthi, H. U. Gudel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

G. N. van den Hoven, E. Snoeks, A. Polman, C. van Dam, J. W. M. van Uffelen, and M. K. Smit, “Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 79(3), 1258 (1996).
[Crossref]

1991 (1)

F. Rasheed, K. P. O’Donnell, B. Henderson, and D. B. Hollis, “Disorder and the optical spectroscopy of Cr3+-doped glasses: II. Glasses with high and low ligand fields,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 3(21), 3825–3840 (1991).
[Crossref]

Arion, V. B.

Azadpeima, N.

Z. M. Sathi, J. Zhang, N. Azadpeima, Y. Luo, and G. D. Peng, “A New Broadband Light Source based on Bismuth and Erbium co-doped fiber developed in UNSW,” in Proceedings of 37th ACOFT (Sydney, 2012), 117.

Bigot, L.

V. G. Truong, L. Bigot, A. Lerouge, M. Douay, and I. Razdobreev, “Study of thermal stability and luminescence quenching properties of bismuth-doped silicate glasses for fiber laser applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 041908 (2008).
[Crossref]

Bouazaoui, M.

Bouwmans, G.

Boyland, A. J.

A. S. Webb, A. J. Boyland, R. J. Standish, S. Yoo, J. K. Sahu, and D. N. Payne, “MCVD in-situ solution doping process for the fabrication of complex design large core rare-earth doped fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356(18-19), 848–851 (2010).
[Crossref]

Bufetov, I. A.

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, K. E. Riumkin, A. V. Shubin, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped optical fibers and fiber fasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. 20(5), 0903815 (2014).

K. E. Riumkin, M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Varfolomeev, A. V. Shubin, I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Excited-state absorption in various bismuth-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 39(8), 2503–2506 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, V. V. Velmiskin, E. G. Firstova, I. A. Bufetov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Anti-stokes luminescence in bismuth-doped silica and germania-based fibers,” Opt. Express 21(15), 18408–18413 (2013).
[PubMed]

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, A. V. Shubin, S. L. Semenov, V. V. Vel’miskin, A. E. Levchenko, E. G. Firstova, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical gain and laser generation in bismuth-doped silica fibers free of other dopants,” Opt. Lett. 36(2), 166–168 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Bufetov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Laser diode pumped bismuth-doped optical fiber amplifier for 1430 nm band,” Opt. Lett. 36(13), 2408–2410 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, I. A. Bufetov, E. G. Firstova, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Combined excitation-emission spectroscopy of bismuth active centers in optical fibers,” Opt. Express 19(20), 19551–19561 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. A. Bufetov and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped fiber lasers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(7), 487–504 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, M. A. Melkumov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and I. A. Bufetov, “Bismuth-doped fibre amplifier for the range 1300–1340 nm,” Quantum Electron. 39(12), 1099–1101 (2009).
[Crossref]

I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Visible luminescence and upconversion processes in Bi-doped silica based fibers pumped by IR radiation”, in Proceedings of ECOC 2008 (Brussels, Belgium, 2008), Tu.3.B.4.

Canning, J.

Chung, P. S.

S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(4), 483–485 (2000).
[Crossref]

Denisov, L. K.

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

Dianov, E. M.

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, K. E. Riumkin, A. V. Shubin, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped optical fibers and fiber fasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. 20(5), 0903815 (2014).

K. E. Riumkin, M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Varfolomeev, A. V. Shubin, I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Excited-state absorption in various bismuth-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 39(8), 2503–2506 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, V. V. Velmiskin, E. G. Firstova, I. A. Bufetov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Anti-stokes luminescence in bismuth-doped silica and germania-based fibers,” Opt. Express 21(15), 18408–18413 (2013).
[PubMed]

E. M. Dianov, “Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a new active medium for NIR lasers and amplifiers,” Fiber Lasers X: Technology, Systems, and Applications, Proc. SPIE 8601, 86010 (2013).
[Crossref]

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, “Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a challenging active medium for near-IR lasers and optical amplifiers,” Light Sci. Appl. 12, 1–7 (2012).

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, I. A. Bufetov, E. G. Firstova, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Combined excitation-emission spectroscopy of bismuth active centers in optical fibers,” Opt. Express 19(20), 19551–19561 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Bufetov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Laser diode pumped bismuth-doped optical fiber amplifier for 1430 nm band,” Opt. Lett. 36(13), 2408–2410 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. V. Kir’yanov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, N. N. Il’ichev, N. S. Kozlova, and E. M. Dianov, “Influence of electron irradiation on optical properties of Bismuth doped silica fibers,” Opt. Express 19(7), 6599–6608 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, A. V. Shubin, S. L. Semenov, V. V. Vel’miskin, A. E. Levchenko, E. G. Firstova, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical gain and laser generation in bismuth-doped silica fibers free of other dopants,” Opt. Lett. 36(2), 166–168 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. V. Dvoyrin, A. V. Kir’yanov, V. M. Mashinsky, O. I. Medvedkov, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Absorption, gain, and laser action in bismuth-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(2), 182–190 (2010).
[Crossref]

I. A. Bufetov and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped fiber lasers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(7), 487–504 (2009).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, M. A. Melkumov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and I. A. Bufetov, “Bismuth-doped fibre amplifier for the range 1300–1340 nm,” Quantum Electron. 39(12), 1099–1101 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, M. V. Yashkov, and A. N. Guryanov, “CW bismuth fiber laser,” Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1083–1084 (2005).
[Crossref]

V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, V. B. Neustruev, E. M. Dianov, A. N. Guryanov, and A. A. Umnikov, “Effective room-temperature luminescence in annealed chromium-doped silicate optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20(2), 280–283 (2003).
[Crossref]

I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Visible luminescence and upconversion processes in Bi-doped silica based fibers pumped by IR radiation”, in Proceedings of ECOC 2008 (Brussels, Belgium, 2008), Tu.3.B.4.

Douay, M.

V. G. Truong, L. Bigot, A. Lerouge, M. Douay, and I. Razdobreev, “Study of thermal stability and luminescence quenching properties of bismuth-doped silicate glasses for fiber laser applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 041908 (2008).
[Crossref]

Dvoretskii, D. A.

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

Dvoyrin, V. V.

A. V. Kir’yanov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, N. N. Il’ichev, N. S. Kozlova, and E. M. Dianov, “Influence of electron irradiation on optical properties of Bismuth doped silica fibers,” Opt. Express 19(7), 6599–6608 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. V. Dvoyrin, A. V. Kir’yanov, V. M. Mashinsky, O. I. Medvedkov, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Absorption, gain, and laser action in bismuth-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(2), 182–190 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, M. V. Yashkov, and A. N. Guryanov, “CW bismuth fiber laser,” Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1083–1084 (2005).
[Crossref]

V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, V. B. Neustruev, E. M. Dianov, A. N. Guryanov, and A. A. Umnikov, “Effective room-temperature luminescence in annealed chromium-doped silicate optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20(2), 280–283 (2003).
[Crossref]

Firstov, S. V.

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, K. E. Riumkin, A. V. Shubin, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped optical fibers and fiber fasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. 20(5), 0903815 (2014).

K. E. Riumkin, M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Varfolomeev, A. V. Shubin, I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Excited-state absorption in various bismuth-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 39(8), 2503–2506 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, V. V. Velmiskin, E. G. Firstova, I. A. Bufetov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Anti-stokes luminescence in bismuth-doped silica and germania-based fibers,” Opt. Express 21(15), 18408–18413 (2013).
[PubMed]

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, A. V. Shubin, S. L. Semenov, V. V. Vel’miskin, A. E. Levchenko, E. G. Firstova, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical gain and laser generation in bismuth-doped silica fibers free of other dopants,” Opt. Lett. 36(2), 166–168 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Bufetov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Laser diode pumped bismuth-doped optical fiber amplifier for 1430 nm band,” Opt. Lett. 36(13), 2408–2410 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, I. A. Bufetov, E. G. Firstova, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Combined excitation-emission spectroscopy of bismuth active centers in optical fibers,” Opt. Express 19(20), 19551–19561 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. M. Dianov, M. A. Melkumov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and I. A. Bufetov, “Bismuth-doped fibre amplifier for the range 1300–1340 nm,” Quantum Electron. 39(12), 1099–1101 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Visible luminescence and upconversion processes in Bi-doped silica based fibers pumped by IR radiation”, in Proceedings of ECOC 2008 (Brussels, Belgium, 2008), Tu.3.B.4.

Firstova, E. G.

Fujimoto, Y.

Y. Fujimoto and M. Nakatsuka, “27Al NMR structural study on aluminum coordination state in bismuth doped silica glass,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352(21-22), 2254–2258 (2006).
[Crossref]

Y. Fujimoto and M. Nakatsuka, “Infrared luminescence from bismuth-doped silica glass,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(Part 2, No. 3B), L279–L281 (2001).
[Crossref]

Gamelin, D. R.

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Luthi, H. U. Gudel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Gudel, H. U.

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Luthi, H. U. Gudel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Gur’yanov, A. N.

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

Guryanov, A. N.

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, K. E. Riumkin, A. V. Shubin, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped optical fibers and fiber fasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. 20(5), 0903815 (2014).

K. E. Riumkin, M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Varfolomeev, A. V. Shubin, I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Excited-state absorption in various bismuth-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 39(8), 2503–2506 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, V. V. Velmiskin, E. G. Firstova, I. A. Bufetov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Anti-stokes luminescence in bismuth-doped silica and germania-based fibers,” Opt. Express 21(15), 18408–18413 (2013).
[PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, I. A. Bufetov, E. G. Firstova, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Combined excitation-emission spectroscopy of bismuth active centers in optical fibers,” Opt. Express 19(20), 19551–19561 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Bufetov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Laser diode pumped bismuth-doped optical fiber amplifier for 1430 nm band,” Opt. Lett. 36(13), 2408–2410 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. V. Dvoyrin, A. V. Kir’yanov, V. M. Mashinsky, O. I. Medvedkov, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Absorption, gain, and laser action in bismuth-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(2), 182–190 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, M. A. Melkumov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and I. A. Bufetov, “Bismuth-doped fibre amplifier for the range 1300–1340 nm,” Quantum Electron. 39(12), 1099–1101 (2009).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, M. V. Yashkov, and A. N. Guryanov, “CW bismuth fiber laser,” Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1083–1084 (2005).
[Crossref]

V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, V. B. Neustruev, E. M. Dianov, A. N. Guryanov, and A. A. Umnikov, “Effective room-temperature luminescence in annealed chromium-doped silicate optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20(2), 280–283 (2003).
[Crossref]

I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Visible luminescence and upconversion processes in Bi-doped silica based fibers pumped by IR radiation”, in Proceedings of ECOC 2008 (Brussels, Belgium, 2008), Tu.3.B.4.

Hamzaoui, H. El.

Hau, T. M.

T. M. Hau, X. Yu, D. Zhou, Z. Song, Z. Yang, R. Wang, and J. Qiu, “Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi–Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses,” Opt. Mater. 35(3), 487–490 (2013).
[Crossref]

Hehlen, M. P.

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Luthi, H. U. Gudel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Henderson, B.

F. Rasheed, K. P. O’Donnell, B. Henderson, and D. B. Hollis, “Disorder and the optical spectroscopy of Cr3+-doped glasses: II. Glasses with high and low ligand fields,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 3(21), 3825–3840 (1991).
[Crossref]

Hollis, D. B.

F. Rasheed, K. P. O’Donnell, B. Henderson, and D. B. Hollis, “Disorder and the optical spectroscopy of Cr3+-doped glasses: II. Glasses with high and low ligand fields,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 3(21), 3825–3840 (1991).
[Crossref]

Il’ichev, N. N.

Iskhakova, L. D.

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

Kalita, M. P.

Khopin, V. F.

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, K. E. Riumkin, A. V. Shubin, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped optical fibers and fiber fasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. 20(5), 0903815 (2014).

K. E. Riumkin, M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Varfolomeev, A. V. Shubin, I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Excited-state absorption in various bismuth-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 39(8), 2503–2506 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, V. V. Velmiskin, E. G. Firstova, I. A. Bufetov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Anti-stokes luminescence in bismuth-doped silica and germania-based fibers,” Opt. Express 21(15), 18408–18413 (2013).
[PubMed]

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Bufetov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Laser diode pumped bismuth-doped optical fiber amplifier for 1430 nm band,” Opt. Lett. 36(13), 2408–2410 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, I. A. Bufetov, E. G. Firstova, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Combined excitation-emission spectroscopy of bismuth active centers in optical fibers,” Opt. Express 19(20), 19551–19561 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, M. A. Melkumov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and I. A. Bufetov, “Bismuth-doped fibre amplifier for the range 1300–1340 nm,” Quantum Electron. 39(12), 1099–1101 (2009).
[Crossref]

I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Visible luminescence and upconversion processes in Bi-doped silica based fibers pumped by IR radiation”, in Proceedings of ECOC 2008 (Brussels, Belgium, 2008), Tu.3.B.4.

Kir’yanov, A. V.

A. V. Kir’yanov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, N. N. Il’ichev, N. S. Kozlova, and E. M. Dianov, “Influence of electron irradiation on optical properties of Bismuth doped silica fibers,” Opt. Express 19(7), 6599–6608 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. V. Dvoyrin, A. V. Kir’yanov, V. M. Mashinsky, O. I. Medvedkov, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Absorption, gain, and laser action in bismuth-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(2), 182–190 (2010).
[Crossref]

Kozlova, N. S.

Lerouge, A.

V. G. Truong, L. Bigot, A. Lerouge, M. Douay, and I. Razdobreev, “Study of thermal stability and luminescence quenching properties of bismuth-doped silicate glasses for fiber laser applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 041908 (2008).
[Crossref]

Levchenko, A. E.

Luo, Y.

G. D. Peng, J. Zhang, Y. Luo, Z. Sathi, A. Zarean, and J. Canning, “Developing new active optical fibres with broadband emissions,” Proc. SPIE 8924, 89240 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Zhang, Z. M. Sathi, Y. Luo, J. Canning, and G. D. Peng, “Toward an ultra-broadband emission source based on the bismuth and erbium co-doped optical fiber and a single 830nm laser diode pump,” Opt. Express 21(6), 7786–7792 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Luo, J. Wen, J. Zhang, J. Canning, and G. D. Peng, “Bismuth and erbium codoped optical fiber with ultrabroadband luminescence across O-, E-, S-, C-, and L-bands,” Opt. Lett. 37(16), 3447–3449 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. M. Sathi, J. Zhang, N. Azadpeima, Y. Luo, and G. D. Peng, “A New Broadband Light Source based on Bismuth and Erbium co-doped fiber developed in UNSW,” in Proceedings of 37th ACOFT (Sydney, 2012), 117.

Luthi, S. R.

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Luthi, H. U. Gudel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Man, S. Q.

S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(4), 483–485 (2000).
[Crossref]

Mashinsky, V. M.

A. V. Kir’yanov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, N. N. Il’ichev, N. S. Kozlova, and E. M. Dianov, “Influence of electron irradiation on optical properties of Bismuth doped silica fibers,” Opt. Express 19(7), 6599–6608 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. V. Dvoyrin, A. V. Kir’yanov, V. M. Mashinsky, O. I. Medvedkov, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Absorption, gain, and laser action in bismuth-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(2), 182–190 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, M. V. Yashkov, and A. N. Guryanov, “CW bismuth fiber laser,” Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1083–1084 (2005).
[Crossref]

V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, V. B. Neustruev, E. M. Dianov, A. N. Guryanov, and A. A. Umnikov, “Effective room-temperature luminescence in annealed chromium-doped silicate optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20(2), 280–283 (2003).
[Crossref]

Medvedkov, O. I.

V. V. Dvoyrin, A. V. Kir’yanov, V. M. Mashinsky, O. I. Medvedkov, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Absorption, gain, and laser action in bismuth-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(2), 182–190 (2010).
[Crossref]

Melkumov, M. A.

Nakatsuka, M.

Y. Fujimoto and M. Nakatsuka, “27Al NMR structural study on aluminum coordination state in bismuth doped silica glass,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352(21-22), 2254–2258 (2006).
[Crossref]

Y. Fujimoto and M. Nakatsuka, “Infrared luminescence from bismuth-doped silica glass,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(Part 2, No. 3B), L279–L281 (2001).
[Crossref]

Neustruev, V. B.

Nilsson, J.

O’Donnell, K. P.

F. Rasheed, K. P. O’Donnell, B. Henderson, and D. B. Hollis, “Disorder and the optical spectroscopy of Cr3+-doped glasses: II. Glasses with high and low ligand fields,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 3(21), 3825–3840 (1991).
[Crossref]

Payne, D. N.

A. S. Webb, A. J. Boyland, R. J. Standish, S. Yoo, J. K. Sahu, and D. N. Payne, “MCVD in-situ solution doping process for the fabrication of complex design large core rare-earth doped fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356(18-19), 848–851 (2010).
[Crossref]

Peng, G. D.

G. D. Peng, J. Zhang, Y. Luo, Z. Sathi, A. Zarean, and J. Canning, “Developing new active optical fibres with broadband emissions,” Proc. SPIE 8924, 89240 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Zhang, Z. M. Sathi, Y. Luo, J. Canning, and G. D. Peng, “Toward an ultra-broadband emission source based on the bismuth and erbium co-doped optical fiber and a single 830nm laser diode pump,” Opt. Express 21(6), 7786–7792 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Luo, J. Wen, J. Zhang, J. Canning, and G. D. Peng, “Bismuth and erbium codoped optical fiber with ultrabroadband luminescence across O-, E-, S-, C-, and L-bands,” Opt. Lett. 37(16), 3447–3449 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. M. Sathi, J. Zhang, N. Azadpeima, Y. Luo, and G. D. Peng, “A New Broadband Light Source based on Bismuth and Erbium co-doped fiber developed in UNSW,” in Proceedings of 37th ACOFT (Sydney, 2012), 117.

Pollnau, M.

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Luthi, H. U. Gudel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Polman, A.

G. N. van den Hoven, E. Snoeks, A. Polman, C. van Dam, J. W. M. van Uffelen, and M. K. Smit, “Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 79(3), 1258 (1996).
[Crossref]

Pun, E. Y. B.

S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(4), 483–485 (2000).
[Crossref]

Qiu, J.

T. M. Hau, X. Yu, D. Zhou, Z. Song, Z. Yang, R. Wang, and J. Qiu, “Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi–Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses,” Opt. Mater. 35(3), 487–490 (2013).
[Crossref]

Rasheed, F.

F. Rasheed, K. P. O’Donnell, B. Henderson, and D. B. Hollis, “Disorder and the optical spectroscopy of Cr3+-doped glasses: II. Glasses with high and low ligand fields,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 3(21), 3825–3840 (1991).
[Crossref]

Razdobreev, I.

I. Razdobreev, H. El. Hamzaoui, G. Bouwmans, M. Bouazaoui, and V. B. Arion, “Photoluminescence of sol-gel silica fiber preform doped with bismuth-containing heterotrinuclear complex,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(2), 205–213 (2012).

V. G. Truong, L. Bigot, A. Lerouge, M. Douay, and I. Razdobreev, “Study of thermal stability and luminescence quenching properties of bismuth-doped silicate glasses for fiber laser applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 041908 (2008).
[Crossref]

Riumkin, K. E.

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, K. E. Riumkin, A. V. Shubin, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped optical fibers and fiber fasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. 20(5), 0903815 (2014).

K. E. Riumkin, M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Varfolomeev, A. V. Shubin, I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Excited-state absorption in various bismuth-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 39(8), 2503–2506 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sahu, J.

Sahu, J. K.

A. S. Webb, A. J. Boyland, R. J. Standish, S. Yoo, J. K. Sahu, and D. N. Payne, “MCVD in-situ solution doping process for the fabrication of complex design large core rare-earth doped fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356(18-19), 848–851 (2010).
[Crossref]

Sathi, Z.

G. D. Peng, J. Zhang, Y. Luo, Z. Sathi, A. Zarean, and J. Canning, “Developing new active optical fibres with broadband emissions,” Proc. SPIE 8924, 89240 (2013).
[Crossref]

Sathi, Z. M.

J. Zhang, Z. M. Sathi, Y. Luo, J. Canning, and G. D. Peng, “Toward an ultra-broadband emission source based on the bismuth and erbium co-doped optical fiber and a single 830nm laser diode pump,” Opt. Express 21(6), 7786–7792 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. M. Sathi, J. Zhang, N. Azadpeima, Y. Luo, and G. D. Peng, “A New Broadband Light Source based on Bismuth and Erbium co-doped fiber developed in UNSW,” in Proceedings of 37th ACOFT (Sydney, 2012), 117.

Semenov, S. L.

Semjonov, S. L.

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

Shubin, A. V.

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, K. E. Riumkin, A. V. Shubin, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped optical fibers and fiber fasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. 20(5), 0903815 (2014).

K. E. Riumkin, M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Varfolomeev, A. V. Shubin, I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Excited-state absorption in various bismuth-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 39(8), 2503–2506 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, A. V. Shubin, S. L. Semenov, V. V. Vel’miskin, A. E. Levchenko, E. G. Firstova, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical gain and laser generation in bismuth-doped silica fibers free of other dopants,” Opt. Lett. 36(2), 166–168 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Melkumov, I. A. Bufetov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Laser diode pumped bismuth-doped optical fiber amplifier for 1430 nm band,” Opt. Lett. 36(13), 2408–2410 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. M. Dianov, M. A. Melkumov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and I. A. Bufetov, “Bismuth-doped fibre amplifier for the range 1300–1340 nm,” Quantum Electron. 39(12), 1099–1101 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

Smirnov, A. M.

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

Smit, M. K.

G. N. van den Hoven, E. Snoeks, A. Polman, C. van Dam, J. W. M. van Uffelen, and M. K. Smit, “Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 79(3), 1258 (1996).
[Crossref]

Snoeks, E.

G. N. van den Hoven, E. Snoeks, A. Polman, C. van Dam, J. W. M. van Uffelen, and M. K. Smit, “Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 79(3), 1258 (1996).
[Crossref]

Song, Z.

T. M. Hau, X. Yu, D. Zhou, Z. Song, Z. Yang, R. Wang, and J. Qiu, “Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi–Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses,” Opt. Mater. 35(3), 487–490 (2013).
[Crossref]

Standish, R. J.

A. S. Webb, A. J. Boyland, R. J. Standish, S. Yoo, J. K. Sahu, and D. N. Payne, “MCVD in-situ solution doping process for the fabrication of complex design large core rare-earth doped fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356(18-19), 848–851 (2010).
[Crossref]

Truong, V. G.

V. G. Truong, L. Bigot, A. Lerouge, M. Douay, and I. Razdobreev, “Study of thermal stability and luminescence quenching properties of bismuth-doped silicate glasses for fiber laser applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 041908 (2008).
[Crossref]

Umnikov, A. A.

van Dam, C.

G. N. van den Hoven, E. Snoeks, A. Polman, C. van Dam, J. W. M. van Uffelen, and M. K. Smit, “Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 79(3), 1258 (1996).
[Crossref]

van den Hoven, G. N.

G. N. van den Hoven, E. Snoeks, A. Polman, C. van Dam, J. W. M. van Uffelen, and M. K. Smit, “Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 79(3), 1258 (1996).
[Crossref]

van Uffelen, J. W. M.

G. N. van den Hoven, E. Snoeks, A. Polman, C. van Dam, J. W. M. van Uffelen, and M. K. Smit, “Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 79(3), 1258 (1996).
[Crossref]

Varfolomeev, I. A.

Vechkanov, N. N.

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

Vel’miskin, V. V.

Velmiskin, V. V.

S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, V. V. Velmiskin, E. G. Firstova, I. A. Bufetov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Anti-stokes luminescence in bismuth-doped silica and germania-based fibers,” Opt. Express 21(15), 18408–18413 (2013).
[PubMed]

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

Wang, R.

T. M. Hau, X. Yu, D. Zhou, Z. Song, Z. Yang, R. Wang, and J. Qiu, “Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi–Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses,” Opt. Mater. 35(3), 487–490 (2013).
[Crossref]

Webb, A. S.

A. S. Webb, A. J. Boyland, R. J. Standish, S. Yoo, J. K. Sahu, and D. N. Payne, “MCVD in-situ solution doping process for the fabrication of complex design large core rare-earth doped fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356(18-19), 848–851 (2010).
[Crossref]

Wen, J.

Yang, Z.

T. M. Hau, X. Yu, D. Zhou, Z. Song, Z. Yang, R. Wang, and J. Qiu, “Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi–Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses,” Opt. Mater. 35(3), 487–490 (2013).
[Crossref]

Yashkov, M. V.

E. M. Dianov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, M. V. Yashkov, and A. N. Guryanov, “CW bismuth fiber laser,” Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1083–1084 (2005).
[Crossref]

Yoo, S.

A. S. Webb, A. J. Boyland, R. J. Standish, S. Yoo, J. K. Sahu, and D. N. Payne, “MCVD in-situ solution doping process for the fabrication of complex design large core rare-earth doped fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356(18-19), 848–851 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. Yoo, M. P. Kalita, J. Nilsson, and J. Sahu, “Excited state absorption measurement in the 900-1250 nm wavelength range for bismuth-doped silicate fibers,” Opt. Lett. 34(4), 530–532 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yu, X.

T. M. Hau, X. Yu, D. Zhou, Z. Song, Z. Yang, R. Wang, and J. Qiu, “Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi–Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses,” Opt. Mater. 35(3), 487–490 (2013).
[Crossref]

Zarean, A.

G. D. Peng, J. Zhang, Y. Luo, Z. Sathi, A. Zarean, and J. Canning, “Developing new active optical fibres with broadband emissions,” Proc. SPIE 8924, 89240 (2013).
[Crossref]

Zhang, J.

G. D. Peng, J. Zhang, Y. Luo, Z. Sathi, A. Zarean, and J. Canning, “Developing new active optical fibres with broadband emissions,” Proc. SPIE 8924, 89240 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Zhang, Z. M. Sathi, Y. Luo, J. Canning, and G. D. Peng, “Toward an ultra-broadband emission source based on the bismuth and erbium co-doped optical fiber and a single 830nm laser diode pump,” Opt. Express 21(6), 7786–7792 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Luo, J. Wen, J. Zhang, J. Canning, and G. D. Peng, “Bismuth and erbium codoped optical fiber with ultrabroadband luminescence across O-, E-, S-, C-, and L-bands,” Opt. Lett. 37(16), 3447–3449 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. M. Sathi, J. Zhang, N. Azadpeima, Y. Luo, and G. D. Peng, “A New Broadband Light Source based on Bismuth and Erbium co-doped fiber developed in UNSW,” in Proceedings of 37th ACOFT (Sydney, 2012), 117.

Zhou, D.

T. M. Hau, X. Yu, D. Zhou, Z. Song, Z. Yang, R. Wang, and J. Qiu, “Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi–Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses,” Opt. Mater. 35(3), 487–490 (2013).
[Crossref]

Zlenko, A. S.

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

V. G. Truong, L. Bigot, A. Lerouge, M. Douay, and I. Razdobreev, “Study of thermal stability and luminescence quenching properties of bismuth-doped silicate glasses for fiber laser applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 041908 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(4), 483–485 (2000).
[Crossref]

Fiber Lasers X: Technology, Systems, and Applications, Proc. SPIE (1)

E. M. Dianov, “Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a new active medium for NIR lasers and amplifiers,” Fiber Lasers X: Technology, Systems, and Applications, Proc. SPIE 8601, 86010 (2013).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

V. V. Dvoyrin, A. V. Kir’yanov, V. M. Mashinsky, O. I. Medvedkov, A. A. Umnikov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Absorption, gain, and laser action in bismuth-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(2), 182–190 (2010).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. (1)

I. A. Bufetov, M. A. Melkumov, S. V. Firstov, K. E. Riumkin, A. V. Shubin, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped optical fibers and fiber fasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. 20(5), 0903815 (2014).

J. Appl. Phys. (1)

G. N. van den Hoven, E. Snoeks, A. Polman, C. van Dam, J. W. M. van Uffelen, and M. K. Smit, “Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 79(3), 1258 (1996).
[Crossref]

J. Non-Cryst. Solids (2)

A. S. Webb, A. J. Boyland, R. J. Standish, S. Yoo, J. K. Sahu, and D. N. Payne, “MCVD in-situ solution doping process for the fabrication of complex design large core rare-earth doped fibers,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356(18-19), 848–851 (2010).
[Crossref]

Y. Fujimoto and M. Nakatsuka, “27Al NMR structural study on aluminum coordination state in bismuth doped silica glass,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352(21-22), 2254–2258 (2006).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

J. Phys. Condens. Matter (1)

F. Rasheed, K. P. O’Donnell, B. Henderson, and D. B. Hollis, “Disorder and the optical spectroscopy of Cr3+-doped glasses: II. Glasses with high and low ligand fields,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 3(21), 3825–3840 (1991).
[Crossref]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1)

Y. Fujimoto and M. Nakatsuka, “Infrared luminescence from bismuth-doped silica glass,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(Part 2, No. 3B), L279–L281 (2001).
[Crossref]

Laser Phys. Lett. (2)

I. A. Bufetov and E. M. Dianov, “Bi-doped fiber lasers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(7), 487–504 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. V. Firstov, I. A. Bufetov, V. F. Khopin, A. V. Shubin, A. M. Smirnov, L. D. Iskhakova, N. N. Vechkanov, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “2 W bismuth doped fiber lasers in the wavelength range 1300–1500 nm and variation of Bi-doped fiber parameters with core composition,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(9), 665–670 (2009).
[Crossref]

Light Sci. Appl. (1)

E. M. Dianov, “Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a challenging active medium for near-IR lasers and optical amplifiers,” Light Sci. Appl. 12, 1–7 (2012).

Opt. Express (4)

Opt. Lett. (5)

Opt. Mater. (1)

T. M. Hau, X. Yu, D. Zhou, Z. Song, Z. Yang, R. Wang, and J. Qiu, “Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi–Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses,” Opt. Mater. 35(3), 487–490 (2013).
[Crossref]

Opt. Mater. Express (1)

Phys. Rev. B (1)

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Luthi, H. U. Gudel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Proc. SPIE (1)

G. D. Peng, J. Zhang, Y. Luo, Z. Sathi, A. Zarean, and J. Canning, “Developing new active optical fibres with broadband emissions,” Proc. SPIE 8924, 89240 (2013).
[Crossref]

Quantum Electron. (3)

E. M. Dianov, V. V. Dvoyrin, V. M. Mashinsky, M. V. Yashkov, and A. N. Guryanov, “CW bismuth fiber laser,” Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1083–1084 (2005).
[Crossref]

E. M. Dianov, M. A. Melkumov, A. V. Shubin, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and I. A. Bufetov, “Bismuth-doped fibre amplifier for the range 1300–1340 nm,” Quantum Electron. 39(12), 1099–1101 (2009).
[Crossref]

D. A. Dvoretskii, I. A. Bufetov, V. V. Velmiskin, A. S. Zlenko, V. F. Khopin, S. L. Semjonov, A. N. Gur’yanov, L. K. Denisov, and E. M. Dianov, “Optical properties of bismuth-doped silica fibres in the temperature range 300 – 1500 K,” Quantum Electron. 42(9), 762–769 (2012).
[Crossref]

Other (4)

E. Desurvire, Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers Principles and Application (John Wiley & Sons, 1994).

Z. M. Sathi, J. Zhang, N. Azadpeima, Y. Luo, and G. D. Peng, “A New Broadband Light Source based on Bismuth and Erbium co-doped fiber developed in UNSW,” in Proceedings of 37th ACOFT (Sydney, 2012), 117.

M. J. F. Digonnet, Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, Devised and Expanded (CRC Press, 2002), Chap. 2.

I. A. Bufetov, S. V. Firstov, V. F. Khopin, A. N. Guryanov, and E. M. Dianov, “Visible luminescence and upconversion processes in Bi-doped silica based fibers pumped by IR radiation”, in Proceedings of ECOC 2008 (Brussels, Belgium, 2008), Tu.3.B.4.

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Figures (7)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Absorption of BEDFs and the reference pure erbium doped fibre (EDF), the concentrations of Bi, Er and Al for the BEDFs are in at%.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Emission measurement scheme for BEDFs using monochromator (MONO) and lock-in amplifier, (FUT: fibre under test).

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Contour graph of emission versus pump power under λex = 830 nm pump (up) and absorption (down) of L-BEDF, (b) Contour graph of emission versus pump power under λex = 830 nm pump (up) and absorption (down) of M-BEDF, (c) Contour graph of emission versus pump power under λex = 830 nm pump (up) and absorption (down) of H-BEDF and (d) Emission in M-BEDF versus pump power (P) under λex = 830 nm pump.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Measurement scheme of ESA and ON/OFF gain under λex = 830 nm pump (WLS, white light source; MONO, monochromator; FUT, fibre under test).

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) AESA(λ) in L-BEDF, M-BEDF, H-BEDF and EDF under λ ex = 830 nm, (b) Gaussian interpretation of AESA(λ) under λ ex = 830 nm pump in M-BEDF, (c) Gaussian interpretation of AESA(λ) under λ ex = 830 nm pump in H-BEDF and (d) AESA(λ) versus pump power (P) under λex = 830 nm in M-BEDF.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 (a) Up-conversion of BEDFs under λex = 830 nm pump (P ~30 mW) and (b) Integrated up-conversion around 532 nm versus pump power (P) of H-BEDF in log-log scale (inset: simple up-conversion scheme resulted from ESA [30], NRT: non-radiative transition).

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Possible energy levels of BAC-Al, ES: excited state, NRT: non radiative transition, GSA: ground state absorption, ESA: excited state absorption.

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Tables (2)

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Table 1 Approximate compositions of Bi, Er, Al and Ge (from EDX analysis) in BEDFs.

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Table 2 (Table 2) Algorithm 1: Summary of BAC-Al Spectral Properties (BAC-Al linked properties are in bold letters):

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