Abstract

We reported on the synthesis of two bright non-cadmium quantum dots (QDs) of green (512 nm)-emitting InP/ZnS and orange (583 nm)-emitting CuInS2 (CIS)/ZnS core/shell and their application for the fabrication of solid-state lighting device. The spectral overlap between absorptions from both QDs and emission from InGaN-based blue light-emitting diode (LED) chip was excellent. Thus, the efficient down-conversion of blue-to-QD emission for the generation of white light was accomplished by sequentially dispensing InP/ZnS QDs on top of CIS/ZnS ones within epoxy resin. The white QD-LED generated a high-quality white light with a high color rendering index of 90 and a warm color temperature of 3803K under a drive current of 20 mA. Drive current-dependent variations of its primary electroluminescent properties were investigated in details.

©2013 Optical Society of America

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  1. D. F. Feezell, J. S. Speck, S. P. DenBaars, and S. Nakamura, “Semipolar (2021) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes for high-efficiency solid-state lighting,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(4), 190–198 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  2. R. A. Arif, Y. K. Ee, and N. Tansu, “Polarization engineering via staggered InGaN quantum wells for radiative efficiency enhancement of light emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(9), 091110 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  3. S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).
  4. G. Liu, J. Zhang, C. K. Tan, and N. Tansu, “Efficiency-droop suppression by using large-bandgap AlGaInN thin barrier layers in InGaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 2201011 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  5. Y. K. Ee, P. Kumnorkaew, R. A. Arif, H. Tong, H. Zhao, J. F. Gilchrist, and N. Tansu, “Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III−nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1218–1225 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  6. P. Zhu, G. Liu, J. Zhang, and N. Tansu, “FDTD analysis on extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(5), 317–323 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  7. J. Jewell, D. Simeonov, S. C. Huang, Y. L. Hu, S. Nakamura, J. Speck, and C. Weisbuch, “Double embedded photonic crystals for extraction of guided light in light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171105 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  8. E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes with quantum dot color converters for display backlights,” Adv. Mater. 22(28), 3076–3080 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. X. Wang, W. Li, and K. Sun, “Stable efficient CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/multi-shell nanophosphors fabricated through a phosphine-free route for white light-emitting-diodes with high color rendering properties,” J. Mater. Chem. 21(24), 8558–8565 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  10. S. Chandramohan, B. D. Ryu, H. K. Kim, C. H. Hong, and E. K. Suh, “Trap-state-assisted white light emission from a CdSe nanocrystal integrated hybrid light-emitting diode,” Opt. Lett. 36(6), 802–804 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. S. Jun, J. Lee, and E. Jang, “Highly luminescent and photostable quantum dot-silica monolith and its application to light-emitting diodes,” ACS Nano 7(2), 1472–1477 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. K. Kim, S. Jeong, J. Y. Woo, and C. S. Han, “Successive and large-scale synthesis of InP/ZnS quantum dots in a hybrid reactor and their application to white LEDs,” Nanotechnology 23(6), 065602 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. J. Ziegler, S. Xu, E. Kucur, F. Meister, M. Batentschuk, F. Gindele, and T. Nann, “Silica-coated InP/ZnS nanocrystals as converter material in white LEDs,” Adv. Mater. 20(21), 4068–4073 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  14. S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. W. S. Song and H. Yang, “Efficient white-light-emitting diodes fabricated from highly fluorescent copper indium sulfide core/shell quantum dots,” Chem. Mater. 24(10), 1961–1967 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  16. E. P. Jang, W. S. Song, K. H. Lee, and H. Yang, “Preparation of a photo-degradation- resistant quantum dot-polymer composite plate for use in the fabrication of a high-stability white-light-emitting diode,” Nanotechnology 24(4), 045607 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  17. W. Zhang and X. Zhong, “Facile synthesis of ZnS-CuInS2-alloyed nanocrystals for a color-tunable fluorchrome and photocatalyst,” Inorg. Chem. 50(9), 4065–4072 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. L. Li and P. Reiss, “One-pot synthesis of highly luminescent InP/ZnS nanocrystals without precursor injection,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(35), 11588–11589 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  20. W. S. Song, J. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. R. Do, and H. Yang, “Synthesis of color-tunable Cu-In-Ga-S solid solution quantum dots with high quantum yields for application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Mater. Chem. 22(41), 21901–21908 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  21. H. S. Jang and D. Y. Jeon, “White light emission from blue and near ultraviolet light-emitting diodes precoated with a Sr3SiO5:Ce3+,Li+ phosphor,” Opt. Lett. 32(23), 3444–3446 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  22. W. B. Im, N. N. Fellows, S. P. DenBaars, and R. Seshadri, “La1-x-0.025Ce0.025Sr2+xAl1-xSixO5 solid solutions as tunable yellow phosphors for solid state white lighting,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(9), 1325–1330 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  23. A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
    [Crossref]

2013 (5)

D. F. Feezell, J. S. Speck, S. P. DenBaars, and S. Nakamura, “Semipolar (2021) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes for high-efficiency solid-state lighting,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(4), 190–198 (2013).
[Crossref]

G. Liu, J. Zhang, C. K. Tan, and N. Tansu, “Efficiency-droop suppression by using large-bandgap AlGaInN thin barrier layers in InGaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 2201011 (2013).
[Crossref]

P. Zhu, G. Liu, J. Zhang, and N. Tansu, “FDTD analysis on extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(5), 317–323 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Jun, J. Lee, and E. Jang, “Highly luminescent and photostable quantum dot-silica monolith and its application to light-emitting diodes,” ACS Nano 7(2), 1472–1477 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. P. Jang, W. S. Song, K. H. Lee, and H. Yang, “Preparation of a photo-degradation- resistant quantum dot-polymer composite plate for use in the fabrication of a high-stability white-light-emitting diode,” Nanotechnology 24(4), 045607 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (6)

W. S. Song, J. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. R. Do, and H. Yang, “Synthesis of color-tunable Cu-In-Ga-S solid solution quantum dots with high quantum yields for application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Mater. Chem. 22(41), 21901–21908 (2012).
[Crossref]

K. Kim, S. Jeong, J. Y. Woo, and C. S. Han, “Successive and large-scale synthesis of InP/ZnS quantum dots in a hybrid reactor and their application to white LEDs,” Nanotechnology 23(6), 065602 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. S. Song and H. Yang, “Efficient white-light-emitting diodes fabricated from highly fluorescent copper indium sulfide core/shell quantum dots,” Chem. Mater. 24(10), 1961–1967 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Jewell, D. Simeonov, S. C. Huang, Y. L. Hu, S. Nakamura, J. Speck, and C. Weisbuch, “Double embedded photonic crystals for extraction of guided light in light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171105 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

2011 (4)

X. Wang, W. Li, and K. Sun, “Stable efficient CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/multi-shell nanophosphors fabricated through a phosphine-free route for white light-emitting-diodes with high color rendering properties,” J. Mater. Chem. 21(24), 8558–8565 (2011).
[Crossref]

W. Zhang and X. Zhong, “Facile synthesis of ZnS-CuInS2-alloyed nanocrystals for a color-tunable fluorchrome and photocatalyst,” Inorg. Chem. 50(9), 4065–4072 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. Chandramohan, B. D. Ryu, H. K. Kim, C. H. Hong, and E. K. Suh, “Trap-state-assisted white light emission from a CdSe nanocrystal integrated hybrid light-emitting diode,” Opt. Lett. 36(6), 802–804 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (2)

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes with quantum dot color converters for display backlights,” Adv. Mater. 22(28), 3076–3080 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (2)

Y. K. Ee, P. Kumnorkaew, R. A. Arif, H. Tong, H. Zhao, J. F. Gilchrist, and N. Tansu, “Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III−nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1218–1225 (2009).
[Crossref]

W. B. Im, N. N. Fellows, S. P. DenBaars, and R. Seshadri, “La1-x-0.025Ce0.025Sr2+xAl1-xSixO5 solid solutions as tunable yellow phosphors for solid state white lighting,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(9), 1325–1330 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (2)

L. Li and P. Reiss, “One-pot synthesis of highly luminescent InP/ZnS nanocrystals without precursor injection,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(35), 11588–11589 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Ziegler, S. Xu, E. Kucur, F. Meister, M. Batentschuk, F. Gindele, and T. Nann, “Silica-coated InP/ZnS nanocrystals as converter material in white LEDs,” Adv. Mater. 20(21), 4068–4073 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

R. A. Arif, Y. K. Ee, and N. Tansu, “Polarization engineering via staggered InGaN quantum wells for radiative efficiency enhancement of light emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(9), 091110 (2007).
[Crossref]

H. S. Jang and D. Y. Jeon, “White light emission from blue and near ultraviolet light-emitting diodes precoated with a Sr3SiO5:Ce3+,Li+ phosphor,” Opt. Lett. 32(23), 3444–3446 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Aesram, D.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Arif, R. A.

Y. K. Ee, P. Kumnorkaew, R. A. Arif, H. Tong, H. Zhao, J. F. Gilchrist, and N. Tansu, “Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III−nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1218–1225 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. A. Arif, Y. K. Ee, and N. Tansu, “Polarization engineering via staggered InGaN quantum wells for radiative efficiency enhancement of light emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(9), 091110 (2007).
[Crossref]

Bae, W. K.

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
[Crossref]

Batentschuk, M.

J. Ziegler, S. Xu, E. Kucur, F. Meister, M. Batentschuk, F. Gindele, and T. Nann, “Silica-coated InP/ZnS nanocrystals as converter material in white LEDs,” Adv. Mater. 20(21), 4068–4073 (2008).
[Crossref]

Chandramohan, S.

Char, K.

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
[Crossref]

Choi, S.

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

DenBaars, S. P.

D. F. Feezell, J. S. Speck, S. P. DenBaars, and S. Nakamura, “Semipolar (2021) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes for high-efficiency solid-state lighting,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(4), 190–198 (2013).
[Crossref]

W. B. Im, N. N. Fellows, S. P. DenBaars, and R. Seshadri, “La1-x-0.025Ce0.025Sr2+xAl1-xSixO5 solid solutions as tunable yellow phosphors for solid state white lighting,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(9), 1325–1330 (2009).
[Crossref]

Deshpande, A.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Do, Y. R.

W. S. Song, J. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. R. Do, and H. Yang, “Synthesis of color-tunable Cu-In-Ga-S solid solution quantum dots with high quantum yields for application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Mater. Chem. 22(41), 21901–21908 (2012).
[Crossref]

Dupuis, R. D.

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

Ee, Y. K.

Y. K. Ee, P. Kumnorkaew, R. A. Arif, H. Tong, H. Zhao, J. F. Gilchrist, and N. Tansu, “Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III−nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1218–1225 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. A. Arif, Y. K. Ee, and N. Tansu, “Polarization engineering via staggered InGaN quantum wells for radiative efficiency enhancement of light emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(9), 091110 (2007).
[Crossref]

Feezell, D. F.

D. F. Feezell, J. S. Speck, S. P. DenBaars, and S. Nakamura, “Semipolar (2021) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes for high-efficiency solid-state lighting,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(4), 190–198 (2013).
[Crossref]

Fellows, N. N.

W. B. Im, N. N. Fellows, S. P. DenBaars, and R. Seshadri, “La1-x-0.025Ce0.025Sr2+xAl1-xSixO5 solid solutions as tunable yellow phosphors for solid state white lighting,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(9), 1325–1330 (2009).
[Crossref]

Fischer, A. M.

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

Gilchrist, J. F.

Y. K. Ee, P. Kumnorkaew, R. A. Arif, H. Tong, H. Zhao, J. F. Gilchrist, and N. Tansu, “Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III−nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1218–1225 (2009).
[Crossref]

Gindele, F.

J. Ziegler, S. Xu, E. Kucur, F. Meister, M. Batentschuk, F. Gindele, and T. Nann, “Silica-coated InP/ZnS nanocrystals as converter material in white LEDs,” Adv. Mater. 20(21), 4068–4073 (2008).
[Crossref]

Grigorov, L. S.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Han, C. S.

K. Kim, S. Jeong, J. Y. Woo, and C. S. Han, “Successive and large-scale synthesis of InP/ZnS quantum dots in a hybrid reactor and their application to white LEDs,” Nanotechnology 23(6), 065602 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Happek, U.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Henderson, C. S.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Her, J. H.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Hong, C. H.

Hu, Y. L.

J. Jewell, D. Simeonov, S. C. Huang, Y. L. Hu, S. Nakamura, J. Speck, and C. Weisbuch, “Double embedded photonic crystals for extraction of guided light in light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171105 (2012).
[Crossref]

Huang, S. C.

J. Jewell, D. Simeonov, S. C. Huang, Y. L. Hu, S. Nakamura, J. Speck, and C. Weisbuch, “Double embedded photonic crystals for extraction of guided light in light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171105 (2012).
[Crossref]

Hwang, S.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Im, W. B.

W. B. Im, N. N. Fellows, S. P. DenBaars, and R. Seshadri, “La1-x-0.025Ce0.025Sr2+xAl1-xSixO5 solid solutions as tunable yellow phosphors for solid state white lighting,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(9), 1325–1330 (2009).
[Crossref]

Jang, E.

S. Jun, J. Lee, and E. Jang, “Highly luminescent and photostable quantum dot-silica monolith and its application to light-emitting diodes,” ACS Nano 7(2), 1472–1477 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes with quantum dot color converters for display backlights,” Adv. Mater. 22(28), 3076–3080 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jang, E. P.

E. P. Jang, W. S. Song, K. H. Lee, and H. Yang, “Preparation of a photo-degradation- resistant quantum dot-polymer composite plate for use in the fabrication of a high-stability white-light-emitting diode,” Nanotechnology 24(4), 045607 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jang, H.

E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes with quantum dot color converters for display backlights,” Adv. Mater. 22(28), 3076–3080 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jang, H. S.

Jeon, D. Y.

Jeong, S.

K. Kim, S. Jeong, J. Y. Woo, and C. S. Han, “Successive and large-scale synthesis of InP/ZnS quantum dots in a hybrid reactor and their application to white LEDs,” Nanotechnology 23(6), 065602 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jewell, J.

J. Jewell, D. Simeonov, S. C. Huang, Y. L. Hu, S. Nakamura, J. Speck, and C. Weisbuch, “Double embedded photonic crystals for extraction of guided light in light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171105 (2012).
[Crossref]

Ji, M. H.

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

Jun, S.

S. Jun, J. Lee, and E. Jang, “Highly luminescent and photostable quantum dot-silica monolith and its application to light-emitting diodes,” ACS Nano 7(2), 1472–1477 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes with quantum dot color converters for display backlights,” Adv. Mater. 22(28), 3076–3080 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jung, J.

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
[Crossref]

Kang, M.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Karkada, N.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Kim, B.

E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes with quantum dot color converters for display backlights,” Adv. Mater. 22(28), 3076–3080 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, H. J.

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

Kim, H. K.

Kim, J.

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

Kim, J. H.

W. S. Song, J. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. R. Do, and H. Yang, “Synthesis of color-tunable Cu-In-Ga-S solid solution quantum dots with high quantum yields for application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Mater. Chem. 22(41), 21901–21908 (2012).
[Crossref]

Kim, K.

K. Kim, S. Jeong, J. Y. Woo, and C. S. Han, “Successive and large-scale synthesis of InP/ZnS quantum dots in a hybrid reactor and their application to white LEDs,” Nanotechnology 23(6), 065602 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, S.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, S. K.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, S. W.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, T.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, Y.

E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes with quantum dot color converters for display backlights,” Adv. Mater. 22(28), 3076–3080 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kishore, M. S.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Kolodin, B.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Kucur, E.

J. Ziegler, S. Xu, E. Kucur, F. Meister, M. Batentschuk, F. Gindele, and T. Nann, “Silica-coated InP/ZnS nanocrystals as converter material in white LEDs,” Adv. Mater. 20(21), 4068–4073 (2008).
[Crossref]

Kumar, N. P.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Kumnorkaew, P.

Y. K. Ee, P. Kumnorkaew, R. A. Arif, H. Tong, H. Zhao, J. F. Gilchrist, and N. Tansu, “Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III−nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1218–1225 (2009).
[Crossref]

Kwak, S. K.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, C.

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
[Crossref]

Lee, D.

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
[Crossref]

Lee, H. S.

W. S. Song, J. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. R. Do, and H. Yang, “Synthesis of color-tunable Cu-In-Ga-S solid solution quantum dots with high quantum yields for application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Mater. Chem. 22(41), 21901–21908 (2012).
[Crossref]

Lee, J.

S. Jun, J. Lee, and E. Jang, “Highly luminescent and photostable quantum dot-silica monolith and its application to light-emitting diodes,” ACS Nano 7(2), 1472–1477 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, J. E.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, J. H.

W. S. Song, J. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. R. Do, and H. Yang, “Synthesis of color-tunable Cu-In-Ga-S solid solution quantum dots with high quantum yields for application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Mater. Chem. 22(41), 21901–21908 (2012).
[Crossref]

Lee, K. H.

E. P. Jang, W. S. Song, K. H. Lee, and H. Yang, “Preparation of a photo-degradation- resistant quantum dot-polymer composite plate for use in the fabrication of a high-stability white-light-emitting diode,” Nanotechnology 24(4), 045607 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, S.

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
[Crossref]

Li, L.

L. Li and P. Reiss, “One-pot synthesis of highly luminescent InP/ZnS nanocrystals without precursor injection,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(35), 11588–11589 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, W.

X. Wang, W. Li, and K. Sun, “Stable efficient CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/multi-shell nanophosphors fabricated through a phosphine-free route for white light-emitting-diodes with high color rendering properties,” J. Mater. Chem. 21(24), 8558–8565 (2011).
[Crossref]

Lim, J.

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
[Crossref]

E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes with quantum dot color converters for display backlights,” Adv. Mater. 22(28), 3076–3080 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, G.

P. Zhu, G. Liu, J. Zhang, and N. Tansu, “FDTD analysis on extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(5), 317–323 (2013).
[Crossref]

G. Liu, J. Zhang, C. K. Tan, and N. Tansu, “Efficiency-droop suppression by using large-bandgap AlGaInN thin barrier layers in InGaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 2201011 (2013).
[Crossref]

Meister, F.

J. Ziegler, S. Xu, E. Kucur, F. Meister, M. Batentschuk, F. Gindele, and T. Nann, “Silica-coated InP/ZnS nanocrystals as converter material in white LEDs,” Adv. Mater. 20(21), 4068–4073 (2008).
[Crossref]

Nakamura, S.

D. F. Feezell, J. S. Speck, S. P. DenBaars, and S. Nakamura, “Semipolar (2021) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes for high-efficiency solid-state lighting,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(4), 190–198 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Jewell, D. Simeonov, S. C. Huang, Y. L. Hu, S. Nakamura, J. Speck, and C. Weisbuch, “Double embedded photonic crystals for extraction of guided light in light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171105 (2012).
[Crossref]

Nam, M. K.

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
[Crossref]

Nann, T.

J. Ziegler, S. Xu, E. Kucur, F. Meister, M. Batentschuk, F. Gindele, and T. Nann, “Silica-coated InP/ZnS nanocrystals as converter material in white LEDs,” Adv. Mater. 20(21), 4068–4073 (2008).
[Crossref]

Park, L. S.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ponce, F. A.

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

Radkov, E. V.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Reiss, P.

L. Li and P. Reiss, “One-pot synthesis of highly luminescent InP/ZnS nanocrystals without precursor injection,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(35), 11588–11589 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ryou, J. H.

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

Ryu, B. D.

Satter, M. M.

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

Seshadri, R.

W. B. Im, N. N. Fellows, S. P. DenBaars, and R. Seshadri, “La1-x-0.025Ce0.025Sr2+xAl1-xSixO5 solid solutions as tunable yellow phosphors for solid state white lighting,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(9), 1325–1330 (2009).
[Crossref]

Setlur, A. A.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Simeonov, D.

J. Jewell, D. Simeonov, S. C. Huang, Y. L. Hu, S. Nakamura, J. Speck, and C. Weisbuch, “Double embedded photonic crystals for extraction of guided light in light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171105 (2012).
[Crossref]

Song, W. S.

E. P. Jang, W. S. Song, K. H. Lee, and H. Yang, “Preparation of a photo-degradation- resistant quantum dot-polymer composite plate for use in the fabrication of a high-stability white-light-emitting diode,” Nanotechnology 24(4), 045607 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. S. Song, J. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. R. Do, and H. Yang, “Synthesis of color-tunable Cu-In-Ga-S solid solution quantum dots with high quantum yields for application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Mater. Chem. 22(41), 21901–21908 (2012).
[Crossref]

W. S. Song and H. Yang, “Efficient white-light-emitting diodes fabricated from highly fluorescent copper indium sulfide core/shell quantum dots,” Chem. Mater. 24(10), 1961–1967 (2012).
[Crossref]

Speck, J.

J. Jewell, D. Simeonov, S. C. Huang, Y. L. Hu, S. Nakamura, J. Speck, and C. Weisbuch, “Double embedded photonic crystals for extraction of guided light in light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171105 (2012).
[Crossref]

Speck, J. S.

D. F. Feezell, J. S. Speck, S. P. DenBaars, and S. Nakamura, “Semipolar (2021) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes for high-efficiency solid-state lighting,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(4), 190–198 (2013).
[Crossref]

Srivastava, A. M.

A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
[Crossref]

Suh, E. K.

Sun, K.

X. Wang, W. Li, and K. Sun, “Stable efficient CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/multi-shell nanophosphors fabricated through a phosphine-free route for white light-emitting-diodes with high color rendering properties,” J. Mater. Chem. 21(24), 8558–8565 (2011).
[Crossref]

Tan, C. K.

G. Liu, J. Zhang, C. K. Tan, and N. Tansu, “Efficiency-droop suppression by using large-bandgap AlGaInN thin barrier layers in InGaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 2201011 (2013).
[Crossref]

Tansu, N.

G. Liu, J. Zhang, C. K. Tan, and N. Tansu, “Efficiency-droop suppression by using large-bandgap AlGaInN thin barrier layers in InGaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 2201011 (2013).
[Crossref]

P. Zhu, G. Liu, J. Zhang, and N. Tansu, “FDTD analysis on extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(5), 317–323 (2013).
[Crossref]

Y. K. Ee, P. Kumnorkaew, R. A. Arif, H. Tong, H. Zhao, J. F. Gilchrist, and N. Tansu, “Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III−nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1218–1225 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. A. Arif, Y. K. Ee, and N. Tansu, “Polarization engineering via staggered InGaN quantum wells for radiative efficiency enhancement of light emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(9), 091110 (2007).
[Crossref]

Tong, H.

Y. K. Ee, P. Kumnorkaew, R. A. Arif, H. Tong, H. Zhao, J. F. Gilchrist, and N. Tansu, “Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III−nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1218–1225 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wang, X.

X. Wang, W. Li, and K. Sun, “Stable efficient CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/multi-shell nanophosphors fabricated through a phosphine-free route for white light-emitting-diodes with high color rendering properties,” J. Mater. Chem. 21(24), 8558–8565 (2011).
[Crossref]

Weisbuch, C.

J. Jewell, D. Simeonov, S. C. Huang, Y. L. Hu, S. Nakamura, J. Speck, and C. Weisbuch, “Double embedded photonic crystals for extraction of guided light in light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171105 (2012).
[Crossref]

Woo, J. Y.

K. Kim, S. Jeong, J. Y. Woo, and C. S. Han, “Successive and large-scale synthesis of InP/ZnS quantum dots in a hybrid reactor and their application to white LEDs,” Nanotechnology 23(6), 065602 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, S.

J. Ziegler, S. Xu, E. Kucur, F. Meister, M. Batentschuk, F. Gindele, and T. Nann, “Silica-coated InP/ZnS nanocrystals as converter material in white LEDs,” Adv. Mater. 20(21), 4068–4073 (2008).
[Crossref]

Yang, H.

E. P. Jang, W. S. Song, K. H. Lee, and H. Yang, “Preparation of a photo-degradation- resistant quantum dot-polymer composite plate for use in the fabrication of a high-stability white-light-emitting diode,” Nanotechnology 24(4), 045607 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. S. Song, J. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. R. Do, and H. Yang, “Synthesis of color-tunable Cu-In-Ga-S solid solution quantum dots with high quantum yields for application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Mater. Chem. 22(41), 21901–21908 (2012).
[Crossref]

W. S. Song and H. Yang, “Efficient white-light-emitting diodes fabricated from highly fluorescent copper indium sulfide core/shell quantum dots,” Chem. Mater. 24(10), 1961–1967 (2012).
[Crossref]

Yang, I.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yoder, P. D.

S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

Yoo, T. W.

S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, J.

G. Liu, J. Zhang, C. K. Tan, and N. Tansu, “Efficiency-droop suppression by using large-bandgap AlGaInN thin barrier layers in InGaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 2201011 (2013).
[Crossref]

P. Zhu, G. Liu, J. Zhang, and N. Tansu, “FDTD analysis on extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(5), 317–323 (2013).
[Crossref]

Zhang, W.

W. Zhang and X. Zhong, “Facile synthesis of ZnS-CuInS2-alloyed nanocrystals for a color-tunable fluorchrome and photocatalyst,” Inorg. Chem. 50(9), 4065–4072 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhao, H.

Y. K. Ee, P. Kumnorkaew, R. A. Arif, H. Tong, H. Zhao, J. F. Gilchrist, and N. Tansu, “Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III−nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1218–1225 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zhong, X.

W. Zhang and X. Zhong, “Facile synthesis of ZnS-CuInS2-alloyed nanocrystals for a color-tunable fluorchrome and photocatalyst,” Inorg. Chem. 50(9), 4065–4072 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhu, P.

P. Zhu, G. Liu, J. Zhang, and N. Tansu, “FDTD analysis on extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(5), 317–323 (2013).
[Crossref]

Ziegler, J.

J. Ziegler, S. Xu, E. Kucur, F. Meister, M. Batentschuk, F. Gindele, and T. Nann, “Silica-coated InP/ZnS nanocrystals as converter material in white LEDs,” Adv. Mater. 20(21), 4068–4073 (2008).
[Crossref]

ACS Nano (1)

S. Jun, J. Lee, and E. Jang, “Highly luminescent and photostable quantum dot-silica monolith and its application to light-emitting diodes,” ACS Nano 7(2), 1472–1477 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Adv. Mater. (2)

J. Ziegler, S. Xu, E. Kucur, F. Meister, M. Batentschuk, F. Gindele, and T. Nann, “Silica-coated InP/ZnS nanocrystals as converter material in white LEDs,” Adv. Mater. 20(21), 4068–4073 (2008).
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Appl. Phys. Lett. (3)

J. Jewell, D. Simeonov, S. C. Huang, Y. L. Hu, S. Nakamura, J. Speck, and C. Weisbuch, “Double embedded photonic crystals for extraction of guided light in light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171105 (2012).
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R. A. Arif, Y. K. Ee, and N. Tansu, “Polarization engineering via staggered InGaN quantum wells for radiative efficiency enhancement of light emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(9), 091110 (2007).
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S. Choi, M. H. Ji, J. Kim, H. J. Kim, M. M. Satter, P. D. Yoder, J. H. Ryou, R. D. Dupuis, A. M. Fischer, and F. A. Ponce, “Efficiency droop due to electron spill-over and limited hole injection in III−nitride visible light-emitting diodes employing lattice-matched InAlN electron blocking layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(16), 161110 (2012).

Chem. Mater. (3)

W. S. Song and H. Yang, “Efficient white-light-emitting diodes fabricated from highly fluorescent copper indium sulfide core/shell quantum dots,” Chem. Mater. 24(10), 1961–1967 (2012).
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J. Lim, W. K. Bae, D. Lee, M. K. Nam, J. Jung, C. Lee, K. Char, and S. Lee, “InP@ZnSeS, core@composition gradient shell quantum dots with enhanced stability,” Chem. Mater. 23(20), 4459–4463 (2011).
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A. A. Setlur, E. V. Radkov, C. S. Henderson, J. H. Her, A. M. Srivastava, N. Karkada, M. S. Kishore, N. P. Kumar, D. Aesram, A. Deshpande, B. Kolodin, L. S. Grigorov, and U. Happek, “Energy-efficient, high-color-rendering LED lamps using oxyfluoride and fluoride phosphors,” Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4076–4082 (2010).
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IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

Y. K. Ee, P. Kumnorkaew, R. A. Arif, H. Tong, H. Zhao, J. F. Gilchrist, and N. Tansu, “Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III−nitride LEDs with self-assembled colloidal-based microlenses,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1218–1225 (2009).
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IEEE Photonics J. (1)

G. Liu, J. Zhang, C. K. Tan, and N. Tansu, “Efficiency-droop suppression by using large-bandgap AlGaInN thin barrier layers in InGaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 2201011 (2013).
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Inorg. Chem. (1)

W. Zhang and X. Zhong, “Facile synthesis of ZnS-CuInS2-alloyed nanocrystals for a color-tunable fluorchrome and photocatalyst,” Inorg. Chem. 50(9), 4065–4072 (2011).
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L. Li and P. Reiss, “One-pot synthesis of highly luminescent InP/ZnS nanocrystals without precursor injection,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(35), 11588–11589 (2008).
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S. Kim, T. Kim, M. Kang, S. K. Kwak, T. W. Yoo, L. S. Park, I. Yang, S. Hwang, J. E. Lee, S. K. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Highly luminescent InP/GaP/ZnS nanocrystals and their application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(8), 3804–3809 (2012).
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P. Zhu, G. Liu, J. Zhang, and N. Tansu, “FDTD analysis on extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(5), 317–323 (2013).
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D. F. Feezell, J. S. Speck, S. P. DenBaars, and S. Nakamura, “Semipolar (2021) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes for high-efficiency solid-state lighting,” J. Disp. Technol. 9(4), 190–198 (2013).
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J. Mater. Chem. (3)

X. Wang, W. Li, and K. Sun, “Stable efficient CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/multi-shell nanophosphors fabricated through a phosphine-free route for white light-emitting-diodes with high color rendering properties,” J. Mater. Chem. 21(24), 8558–8565 (2011).
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W. S. Song, J. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. R. Do, and H. Yang, “Synthesis of color-tunable Cu-In-Ga-S solid solution quantum dots with high quantum yields for application to white light-emitting diodes,” J. Mater. Chem. 22(41), 21901–21908 (2012).
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W. B. Im, N. N. Fellows, S. P. DenBaars, and R. Seshadri, “La1-x-0.025Ce0.025Sr2+xAl1-xSixO5 solid solutions as tunable yellow phosphors for solid state white lighting,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(9), 1325–1330 (2009).
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Nanotechnology (2)

K. Kim, S. Jeong, J. Y. Woo, and C. S. Han, “Successive and large-scale synthesis of InP/ZnS quantum dots in a hybrid reactor and their application to white LEDs,” Nanotechnology 23(6), 065602 (2012).
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E. P. Jang, W. S. Song, K. H. Lee, and H. Yang, “Preparation of a photo-degradation- resistant quantum dot-polymer composite plate for use in the fabrication of a high-stability white-light-emitting diode,” Nanotechnology 24(4), 045607 (2013).
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Opt. Lett. (2)

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 UV-visible absorption/PL spectra and UV-irradiated fluorescent images of InP/ZnS and CIS/ZnS QD dispersions.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) XRD patterns of InP/ZnS and CIS/ZnS QDs and TEM images of (b) InP/ZnS and (c) CIS/ZnS QDs.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 EL spectra of InP/ZnS and CIS/ZnS QD-based LEDs operated at a forward current of 20 mA. The photographs of as-fabricated and 20 mA-driven QD-LEDs are also shown in the inset.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a) Evolution of EL spectra of CIS/ZnS−InP/ZnS QD-based LED with increasing drive current up to 200 mA. The device schematic and its white EL images at 20 versus 200 mA are shown in upper middle and right insets, respectively. Variations of (b) integrated blue chip versus QD emissions and (c) CIE color coordinates of white emissions as a function of forward current.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 Variations of primary EL values of LE, CE, CRI, and CCT of a tricolored QD-LED operated in the range of 20−200 mA.

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