Exciton states of CdTe tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals

Kazuaki Sakoda; Yuanzhao Yao; Takashi Kuroda; Dmitry N. Dirin; Roman B. Vasiliev

doi:10.1364/OME.1.000379

Exciton states of CdTe tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals

Kazuaki Sakoda, Yuanzhao Yao, Takashi Kuroda, Dmitry N. Dirin, and Roman B. Vasiliev

Optical Materials Express
Vol. 1,
Issue 3,
pp. 379-390
(2011)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.1.000379

Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Kazuaki Sakoda, Yuanzhao Yao, Takashi Kuroda, Dmitry N. Dirin, and Roman B. Vasiliev, "Exciton states of CdTe tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals," Opt. Mater. Express 1, 379-390 (2011)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Get PDF (3028 KB)
Set citation alerts
Save article

Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Semiconductors
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Semiconductor materials (160.6000)
- Nanomaterials (160.4236)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: April 26, 2011
- Revised Manuscript: May 20, 2011
- Manuscript Accepted: May 30, 2011
- Published: June 10, 2011

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

Excitons of CdTe tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals are theoretically analyzed. Individual electron and hole states are calculated by solving one-particle Schrödinger equation by the finite element method with the single-band effective-mass approximation and exciton states are obtained by numerical diagonalization of the configuration interaction Hamiltonian. Spatial symmetries of the exciton states are related to those of the one-particle states by group theory and verified by numerical calculation. It is shown that the lowest exciton state is an optically active A ₁ exciton. Optical absorption spectra are calculated and compared with available experimental data.

Full Article | PDF Article

OSA Recommended Articles

Exciton states of II–VI tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals

Yuanzhao Yao, Takashi Kuroda, Dmitry N. Dirin, Anastasia A. Irkhina, Roman B. Vasiliev, and Kazuaki Sakoda
Opt. Mater. Express 3(7) 977-988 (2013)

Third-order optical response of intermediate excitons with fractional nonlinear statistics

Vladimir Chernyak and Shaul Mukamel
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13(6) 1302-1307 (1996)

Electronic structure and optical properties of PbS and PbSe quantum dots

Inuk Kang and Frank W. Wise
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14(7) 1632-1646 (1997)

References

View by:
Article Order
|
Year
|
Author
|
Publication

L. Manna, E. C. Scher, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Synthesis of soluble and processable rod-, arrow-, teardrop-, and tetrapod-shaped CdSe nanocrystals,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 12700–12706 (2000).
[Crossref]
A. Fiore, R. Mastria, M. G. Lupo, G. Lanzani, C. Giannini, E. Carlino, G. Morello, M. De Giorgi, Y. Li, R. Cingolani, and L. Manna, “Tetrapod-shaped colloidal nanocrystals of II–VI semiconductors prepared by seeded growth,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 2274–2282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
L. Manna, D. J. Milliron, A. Meisel, E. C. Scher, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Controlled growth of tetrapod-branched inorganic nanocrystals,” Nature Mat. 2, 382–385 (2003).
[Crossref]
M. De Giorgi, D. Tarì, L. Manna, R. Krahne, and R. Cingolani, “Optical properties of colloidal nanocrystal spheres and tetrapods,” Microelectron. J. 36552–554 (2005).
[Crossref]
D. Tarì, M. De Giorgi, F. Della Sala, L. Carbone, R. Krahne, L. Manna, R. Cingolani, S. Kudera, and W. J. Parak, “Optical properties of tetrapod-shaped CdTe nanocrystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 224101/1–224101/3 (2005).
[Crossref]
S. Malkmus, S. Kudera, L. Manna, W. J. Parak, and M. Braun, “Electron-hole dynamics in CdTe tetrapods,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 17334–17338 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
D. Tarì, M. De Giorgi, P. P. Pompa, L. Carbone, L. Manna, S. Kudera, and R. Cingolani, “Exciton transitions in tetrapod-shaped CdTe nanocrystals investigated by photomodulated transmittance spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 094104/1–094104/3 (2006).
[Crossref]
G. Morello, D. Tarì, L. Carbone, L. Manna, R. Cingolani, and M. De Giorgi, “Radiative recombination dynamics in tetrapod-shaped CdTe nanocrystals: Evidence for a photoinduced screening of the internal electric field,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191905/1–191905/3 (2008).
[Crossref]
M. D. Goodman, L. Zhao, K. A. DeRocher, J. Wang, S. K. Mallapragada, and Z. Lin, “Self-assembly of CdTe tetrapods into network monolayers at the air/water interface,” ACS Nano 4, 2043–2050 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. B. Vasiliev, D. N. Dirin, and A. M. Gaskov, “Temperature effect on the growth of colloidal CdTe nanotetrapods,” Mendeleev Commun. 19, 126–127 (2009).
[Crossref]
P. Peng, D. J. Milliron, S. M. Hughes, J. C. Johnson, A. P. Alivisatos, and R. J. Saykally, “Femtosecond spectroscopy of carrier relaxation dynamics in type II CdSe/CdTe tetrapod heteronanostructures,” Nano Lett. 5, 1809–1813 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
D. V. Talapin, J. H. Nelson, E. V. Shevchenko, S. Aloni, B. Sadtler, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Seeded growth of highly luminescent CdSe/CdS nanoheterostructures with rod and tetrapod morphologies,” Nano Lett. 7, 2951–2959 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
C. L. Choi, K. J. Koski, S. Sivasankar, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Strain-dependent photoluminescence behavior of CdSe/CdS nanocrystals with spherical, linear, and branched topologies,” Nano Lett. 9, 3544–3549 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. G. Vitukhnovsky, A. S. Shul’ga, S. A. Ambrozevich, E. M. Khokhlov, R. B. Vasiliev, D. N. Dirin, and V. I. Yudson, “Effect of branching of tetrapod-shaped CdTe/CdSe nanocrystal heterostructures on their luminescence,” Phys. Lett. A 373, 2287–2290 (2009).
[Crossref]
R. B. Vasiliev, D. N. Dirin, M. S. Sokolikova, S. G. Dorofeev, A. G. Vitukhnovskyc, and A. M. Gaskovb, “Growth of near-IR luminescent colloidal CdTe/CdS nanoheterostructures based on CdTe tetrapods,” Mendeleev Commun. 19, 128–130 (2009).
[Crossref]
Y. Li, R. Mastria, K. Li, A. Fiore, Y. Wang, R. Cingolani, L. Manna, and G. Gigli, “Improved photovoltaic performance of bilayer heterojunction photovoltaic cells by triplet materials and tetrapod-shaped colloidal nanocrystals doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 043101/1–043101/3 (2009).
[Crossref]
Y. Li, R. Mastria, A. Fiore, C. Nobile, L. Yin, M. Biasiucci, G. Cheng, A. M. Cucolo, R. Cingolani, L. Manna, and G. Gigli, “Improved photovoltaic performance of heterostructured tetrapod-shaped CdSe/CdTe nanocrystals using C60 interlayer,” Adv. Mater. 21, 4461–4466 (2009).
[Crossref]
J.-B. Li and L.-W. Wang, “Shape effects on electronic states of nanocrystals,” Nano Lett. 3, 1357–1363 (2003).
[Crossref]
D. J. Milliron, S. M. Hughes, Y. Cui, L. Manna, J. Li, L.-W. Wang, and P. Alivisatos, “Colloidal nanocrystal heterostructures with linear and branched topology,” Nature 430, 190–195 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. A. Lutich, C. Mauser, E. Da Como, J. Huang, A. Vaneski, D. V. Talapin, A. L. Rogach, and J. Feldmann, “Multiexcitonic dual emission in CdSe/CdS tetrapods and nanorods,” Nano. Lett. 104646–4650 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. Müller, J. M. Lupton, P. G. Lagoudakis, F. Schindler, R. Koeppe, A. L. Rogach, J. Feldmann, D. V. Talapin, and H. Weller, “Wave function engineering in elongated semiconductor nanocrystals with heterogeneous carrier confinement,” Nano Lett. 52044–2049 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
C. Mauser, T. Limmer, E. Da Como, K. Becker, A. L. Rogach, J. Feldmann, and D. V. Talapin, “Anisotropic optical emission of single CdSe/CdS tetrapod heterostructures: Evidence for a wavefunction symmetry breaking,” Phys. Rev. B 77, 153303 (2008).
[Crossref]
F. Bechstedt and R. Enderlein, Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces: Their Atomic and Electronic Structures (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1988).
S.-H. Wei and S. B. Zhang, “Structure stability and carrier localization in CdX (X=S, Se, Te) semiconductors”, Phys. Rev. B 62, 6944–6947 (2000).
[Crossref]
S. AdachiProperties of Group-IV, III–V and II–VI Semiconductors (Wiley, Chichester, 2005) P.218.
T. Inui, Y. Tanabe, and Y. Onodera, Group theory and Its Applications in Physics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin1990).
Y. Yao, T. Ochiai, T. Mano, T. Kuroda, T. Noda, N. Koguchi, and K. Sakoda, “Electronic structure of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum double rings in lateral electric field,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 7, 882–885 (2009).
[Crossref]

2010 (2)

M. D. Goodman, L. Zhao, K. A. DeRocher, J. Wang, S. K. Mallapragada, and Z. Lin, “Self-assembly of CdTe tetrapods into network monolayers at the air/water interface,” ACS Nano 4, 2043–2050 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. A. Lutich, C. Mauser, E. Da Como, J. Huang, A. Vaneski, D. V. Talapin, A. L. Rogach, and J. Feldmann, “Multiexcitonic dual emission in CdSe/CdS tetrapods and nanorods,” Nano. Lett. 104646–4650 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (8)

Y. Yao, T. Ochiai, T. Mano, T. Kuroda, T. Noda, N. Koguchi, and K. Sakoda, “Electronic structure of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum double rings in lateral electric field,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 7, 882–885 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. B. Vasiliev, D. N. Dirin, and A. M. Gaskov, “Temperature effect on the growth of colloidal CdTe nanotetrapods,” Mendeleev Commun. 19, 126–127 (2009).
[Crossref]

C. L. Choi, K. J. Koski, S. Sivasankar, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Strain-dependent photoluminescence behavior of CdSe/CdS nanocrystals with spherical, linear, and branched topologies,” Nano Lett. 9, 3544–3549 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. G. Vitukhnovsky, A. S. Shul’ga, S. A. Ambrozevich, E. M. Khokhlov, R. B. Vasiliev, D. N. Dirin, and V. I. Yudson, “Effect of branching of tetrapod-shaped CdTe/CdSe nanocrystal heterostructures on their luminescence,” Phys. Lett. A 373, 2287–2290 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. B. Vasiliev, D. N. Dirin, M. S. Sokolikova, S. G. Dorofeev, A. G. Vitukhnovskyc, and A. M. Gaskovb, “Growth of near-IR luminescent colloidal CdTe/CdS nanoheterostructures based on CdTe tetrapods,” Mendeleev Commun. 19, 128–130 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. Li, R. Mastria, K. Li, A. Fiore, Y. Wang, R. Cingolani, L. Manna, and G. Gigli, “Improved photovoltaic performance of bilayer heterojunction photovoltaic cells by triplet materials and tetrapod-shaped colloidal nanocrystals doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 043101/1–043101/3 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. Li, R. Mastria, A. Fiore, C. Nobile, L. Yin, M. Biasiucci, G. Cheng, A. M. Cucolo, R. Cingolani, L. Manna, and G. Gigli, “Improved photovoltaic performance of heterostructured tetrapod-shaped CdSe/CdTe nanocrystals using C60 interlayer,” Adv. Mater. 21, 4461–4466 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. Fiore, R. Mastria, M. G. Lupo, G. Lanzani, C. Giannini, E. Carlino, G. Morello, M. De Giorgi, Y. Li, R. Cingolani, and L. Manna, “Tetrapod-shaped colloidal nanocrystals of II–VI semiconductors prepared by seeded growth,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 2274–2282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (2)

G. Morello, D. Tarì, L. Carbone, L. Manna, R. Cingolani, and M. De Giorgi, “Radiative recombination dynamics in tetrapod-shaped CdTe nanocrystals: Evidence for a photoinduced screening of the internal electric field,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 191905/1–191905/3 (2008).
[Crossref]

C. Mauser, T. Limmer, E. Da Como, K. Becker, A. L. Rogach, J. Feldmann, and D. V. Talapin, “Anisotropic optical emission of single CdSe/CdS tetrapod heterostructures: Evidence for a wavefunction symmetry breaking,” Phys. Rev. B 77, 153303 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

D. V. Talapin, J. H. Nelson, E. V. Shevchenko, S. Aloni, B. Sadtler, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Seeded growth of highly luminescent CdSe/CdS nanoheterostructures with rod and tetrapod morphologies,” Nano Lett. 7, 2951–2959 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (2)

S. Malkmus, S. Kudera, L. Manna, W. J. Parak, and M. Braun, “Electron-hole dynamics in CdTe tetrapods,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 17334–17338 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Tarì, M. De Giorgi, P. P. Pompa, L. Carbone, L. Manna, S. Kudera, and R. Cingolani, “Exciton transitions in tetrapod-shaped CdTe nanocrystals investigated by photomodulated transmittance spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 094104/1–094104/3 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (4)

M. De Giorgi, D. Tarì, L. Manna, R. Krahne, and R. Cingolani, “Optical properties of colloidal nanocrystal spheres and tetrapods,” Microelectron. J. 36552–554 (2005).
[Crossref]

D. Tarì, M. De Giorgi, F. Della Sala, L. Carbone, R. Krahne, L. Manna, R. Cingolani, S. Kudera, and W. J. Parak, “Optical properties of tetrapod-shaped CdTe nanocrystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 224101/1–224101/3 (2005).
[Crossref]

P. Peng, D. J. Milliron, S. M. Hughes, J. C. Johnson, A. P. Alivisatos, and R. J. Saykally, “Femtosecond spectroscopy of carrier relaxation dynamics in type II CdSe/CdTe tetrapod heteronanostructures,” Nano Lett. 5, 1809–1813 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Müller, J. M. Lupton, P. G. Lagoudakis, F. Schindler, R. Koeppe, A. L. Rogach, J. Feldmann, D. V. Talapin, and H. Weller, “Wave function engineering in elongated semiconductor nanocrystals with heterogeneous carrier confinement,” Nano Lett. 52044–2049 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (1)

D. J. Milliron, S. M. Hughes, Y. Cui, L. Manna, J. Li, L.-W. Wang, and P. Alivisatos, “Colloidal nanocrystal heterostructures with linear and branched topology,” Nature 430, 190–195 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (2)

J.-B. Li and L.-W. Wang, “Shape effects on electronic states of nanocrystals,” Nano Lett. 3, 1357–1363 (2003).
[Crossref]

L. Manna, D. J. Milliron, A. Meisel, E. C. Scher, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Controlled growth of tetrapod-branched inorganic nanocrystals,” Nature Mat. 2, 382–385 (2003).
[Crossref]

2000 (2)

L. Manna, E. C. Scher, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Synthesis of soluble and processable rod-, arrow-, teardrop-, and tetrapod-shaped CdSe nanocrystals,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 12700–12706 (2000).
[Crossref]

S.-H. Wei and S. B. Zhang, “Structure stability and carrier localization in CdX (X=S, Se, Te) semiconductors”, Phys. Rev. B 62, 6944–6947 (2000).
[Crossref]

Adachi, S.

S. AdachiProperties of Group-IV, III–V and II–VI Semiconductors (Wiley, Chichester, 2005) P.218.

Alivisatos, A. P.

L. Manna, D. J. Milliron, A. Meisel, E. C. Scher, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Controlled growth of tetrapod-branched inorganic nanocrystals,” Nature Mat. 2, 382–385 (2003).
[Crossref]

Alivisatos, P.

Aloni, S.

Ambrozevich, S. A.

Bechstedt, F.

F. Bechstedt and R. Enderlein, Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces: Their Atomic and Electronic Structures (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1988).

Becker, K.

Biasiucci, M.

Braun, M.

S. Malkmus, S. Kudera, L. Manna, W. J. Parak, and M. Braun, “Electron-hole dynamics in CdTe tetrapods,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 17334–17338 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Carbone, L.

Carlino, E.

Cheng, G.

Choi, C. L.

Cingolani, R.

M. De Giorgi, D. Tarì, L. Manna, R. Krahne, and R. Cingolani, “Optical properties of colloidal nanocrystal spheres and tetrapods,” Microelectron. J. 36552–554 (2005).
[Crossref]

Cucolo, A. M.

Cui, Y.

Da Como, E.

De Giorgi, M.

M. De Giorgi, D. Tarì, L. Manna, R. Krahne, and R. Cingolani, “Optical properties of colloidal nanocrystal spheres and tetrapods,” Microelectron. J. 36552–554 (2005).
[Crossref]

Della Sala, F.

DeRocher, K. A.

Dirin, D. N.

R. B. Vasiliev, D. N. Dirin, and A. M. Gaskov, “Temperature effect on the growth of colloidal CdTe nanotetrapods,” Mendeleev Commun. 19, 126–127 (2009).
[Crossref]

Dorofeev, S. G.

Enderlein, R.

F. Bechstedt and R. Enderlein, Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces: Their Atomic and Electronic Structures (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1988).

Feldmann, J.

Fiore, A.

Gaskov, A. M.

R. B. Vasiliev, D. N. Dirin, and A. M. Gaskov, “Temperature effect on the growth of colloidal CdTe nanotetrapods,” Mendeleev Commun. 19, 126–127 (2009).
[Crossref]

Gaskovb, A. M.

Giannini, C.

Gigli, G.

Goodman, M. D.

Huang, J.

Hughes, S. M.

Inui, T.

T. Inui, Y. Tanabe, and Y. Onodera, Group theory and Its Applications in Physics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin1990).

Johnson, J. C.

Khokhlov, E. M.

Koeppe, R.

Koguchi, N.

Koski, K. J.

Krahne, R.

M. De Giorgi, D. Tarì, L. Manna, R. Krahne, and R. Cingolani, “Optical properties of colloidal nanocrystal spheres and tetrapods,” Microelectron. J. 36552–554 (2005).
[Crossref]

Kudera, S.

S. Malkmus, S. Kudera, L. Manna, W. J. Parak, and M. Braun, “Electron-hole dynamics in CdTe tetrapods,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 17334–17338 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kuroda, T.

Lagoudakis, P. G.

Lanzani, G.

Li, J.

Li, J.-B.

J.-B. Li and L.-W. Wang, “Shape effects on electronic states of nanocrystals,” Nano Lett. 3, 1357–1363 (2003).
[Crossref]

Li, K.

Li, Y.

Limmer, T.

Lin, Z.

Lupo, M. G.

Lupton, J. M.

Lutich, A. A.

Malkmus, S.

S. Malkmus, S. Kudera, L. Manna, W. J. Parak, and M. Braun, “Electron-hole dynamics in CdTe tetrapods,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 17334–17338 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mallapragada, S. K.

Manna, L.

S. Malkmus, S. Kudera, L. Manna, W. J. Parak, and M. Braun, “Electron-hole dynamics in CdTe tetrapods,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 17334–17338 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. De Giorgi, D. Tarì, L. Manna, R. Krahne, and R. Cingolani, “Optical properties of colloidal nanocrystal spheres and tetrapods,” Microelectron. J. 36552–554 (2005).
[Crossref]

L. Manna, D. J. Milliron, A. Meisel, E. C. Scher, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Controlled growth of tetrapod-branched inorganic nanocrystals,” Nature Mat. 2, 382–385 (2003).
[Crossref]

Mano, T.

Mastria, R.

Mauser, C.

Meisel, A.

L. Manna, D. J. Milliron, A. Meisel, E. C. Scher, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Controlled growth of tetrapod-branched inorganic nanocrystals,” Nature Mat. 2, 382–385 (2003).
[Crossref]

Milliron, D. J.

L. Manna, D. J. Milliron, A. Meisel, E. C. Scher, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Controlled growth of tetrapod-branched inorganic nanocrystals,” Nature Mat. 2, 382–385 (2003).
[Crossref]

Morello, G.

Müller, J.

Nelson, J. H.

Nobile, C.

Noda, T.

Ochiai, T.

Onodera, Y.

T. Inui, Y. Tanabe, and Y. Onodera, Group theory and Its Applications in Physics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin1990).

Parak, W. J.

S. Malkmus, S. Kudera, L. Manna, W. J. Parak, and M. Braun, “Electron-hole dynamics in CdTe tetrapods,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 17334–17338 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Peng, P.

Pompa, P. P.

Rogach, A. L.

Sadtler, B.

Sakoda, K.

Saykally, R. J.

Scher, E. C.

L. Manna, D. J. Milliron, A. Meisel, E. C. Scher, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Controlled growth of tetrapod-branched inorganic nanocrystals,” Nature Mat. 2, 382–385 (2003).
[Crossref]

Schindler, F.

Shevchenko, E. V.

Shul’ga, A. S.

Sivasankar, S.

Sokolikova, M. S.

Talapin, D. V.

Tanabe, Y.

T. Inui, Y. Tanabe, and Y. Onodera, Group theory and Its Applications in Physics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin1990).

Tarì, D.

M. De Giorgi, D. Tarì, L. Manna, R. Krahne, and R. Cingolani, “Optical properties of colloidal nanocrystal spheres and tetrapods,” Microelectron. J. 36552–554 (2005).
[Crossref]

Vaneski, A.

Vasiliev, R. B.

R. B. Vasiliev, D. N. Dirin, and A. M. Gaskov, “Temperature effect on the growth of colloidal CdTe nanotetrapods,” Mendeleev Commun. 19, 126–127 (2009).
[Crossref]

Vitukhnovsky, A. G.

Vitukhnovskyc, A. G.

Wang, J.

Wang, L.-W.

J.-B. Li and L.-W. Wang, “Shape effects on electronic states of nanocrystals,” Nano Lett. 3, 1357–1363 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wang, Y.

Wei, S.-H.

S.-H. Wei and S. B. Zhang, “Structure stability and carrier localization in CdX (X=S, Se, Te) semiconductors”, Phys. Rev. B 62, 6944–6947 (2000).
[Crossref]

Weller, H.

Yao, Y.

Yin, L.

Yudson, V. I.

Zhang, S. B.

S.-H. Wei and S. B. Zhang, “Structure stability and carrier localization in CdX (X=S, Se, Te) semiconductors”, Phys. Rev. B 62, 6944–6947 (2000).
[Crossref]

Zhao, L.

ACS Nano (1)

Adv. Mater. (1)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (4)

Chin. Opt. Lett. (1)

J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2)

J. Phys. Chem. B (1)

S. Malkmus, S. Kudera, L. Manna, W. J. Parak, and M. Braun, “Electron-hole dynamics in CdTe tetrapods,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 17334–17338 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mendeleev Commun. (2)

R. B. Vasiliev, D. N. Dirin, and A. M. Gaskov, “Temperature effect on the growth of colloidal CdTe nanotetrapods,” Mendeleev Commun. 19, 126–127 (2009).
[Crossref]

Microelectron. J. (1)

M. De Giorgi, D. Tarì, L. Manna, R. Krahne, and R. Cingolani, “Optical properties of colloidal nanocrystal spheres and tetrapods,” Microelectron. J. 36552–554 (2005).
[Crossref]

Nano Lett. (5)

J.-B. Li and L.-W. Wang, “Shape effects on electronic states of nanocrystals,” Nano Lett. 3, 1357–1363 (2003).
[Crossref]

Nano. Lett. (1)

Nature (1)

Nature Mat. (1)

L. Manna, D. J. Milliron, A. Meisel, E. C. Scher, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Controlled growth of tetrapod-branched inorganic nanocrystals,” Nature Mat. 2, 382–385 (2003).
[Crossref]

Phys. Lett. A (1)

Phys. Rev. B (2)

S.-H. Wei and S. B. Zhang, “Structure stability and carrier localization in CdX (X=S, Se, Te) semiconductors”, Phys. Rev. B 62, 6944–6947 (2000).
[Crossref]

Other (3)

S. AdachiProperties of Group-IV, III–V and II–VI Semiconductors (Wiley, Chichester, 2005) P.218.

T. Inui, Y. Tanabe, and Y. Onodera, Group theory and Its Applications in Physics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin1990).

F. Bechstedt and R. Enderlein, Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces: Their Atomic and Electronic Structures (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1988).

Cited By

OSA participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from OSA journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.

Click here to see a list of articles that cite this paper

Fig. 1 (a) Structure of the CdTe tetrapod that consists of four cylindrical arms, which has the wurzite crystal structure, and spherical central region, which has the zinc blende structure. The diameter and length of the arms are denoted by D and L. The diameter of the central region is assumed to be the same as the arms. Three values of D (1.9, 2.2, and 2.5 nm) and L (8.3, 9.0, and 9.7 nm) are used in the numerical calculation. (b) Confinement potential of electron and hole. We assume that the electrons are confined by a potential barrier whose height is equal to the electron affinity of CdTe whereas the holes are confined by an infinite potential barrier [5]. −4.18 eV is assumed for the ZB CdTe electron affinity, which was derived from the XPS experiment [23], whereas 1.5 eV is assumed for the ZB CdTe bandgap [5]. As for the band offset, we use 65 meV for the conduction band and 18 meV for the valence band, which were obtained by theoretical calculation [24]. For effective masses of electron and heavy hole, we assumed

m_{e}^{*} = 0.11 \times m_{0}

and

m_{h}^{*} = 0.69 \times m_{0}

, where m ₀ is the genuin electron mass. [25]

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2 Envelope functions of (a) the lowest and (b) the second lowest A ₁ states of electron.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3 Convergence of the lowest 20 energy eigenvalues of the spin-triplet excitons. (L = 9.0 nm, D = 2.2 nm)

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 4 (a) D and (b) L dependence of the spin-singlet exciton energy. The lowest twenty exciton states are shown, whose symmetries are A ₁ or T ₂.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 5 (a) D and (b) L dependence of the spin-triplet exciton energy. The lowest twenty exciton states are shown, whose symmetries are A ₁ or T ₂.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 6 Absorption spectra of CdTe tetrapods with different D values, where the lowest eight spin-singlet A ₁ excitons are taken into consideration. A spectral width of 60 meV (FWHM) due to size distribution is rather arbitrarily assumed for each exciton transition.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 7 Absorption spectra of CdTe tetrapods with different L values, where the lowest eight spin-singlet A ₁ excitons are taken into consideration. A spectral width of 60 meV (FWHM) due to size distribution is rather arbitrarily assumed for each exciton transition.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Tables (4)

Table 1 Character table of point group T_d . The standard notations for symmetry operations are used: E for the identity operation, Cn for rotation by 360/n degrees, I for inversion, and σ_d for mirror reflection about a diagonal plane. The numbers in front of the symbols of the symmetry operations denote the number of conjugate operations.

View Table | View all tables in this article

Table 2 Symmetry of the electron-hole pair state. The left column shows the individual symmetry of electron and hole envelope functions. The middle column is the character of the pair states. The right column shows the symmetry of the pair states obtained by the reduction procedure.

View Table | View all tables in this article

Table 3 The lowest twenty energy levels of a confined electron and hole in the tetrapod with L = 9.0 nm and D = 2.2 nm. The origin of the energy eigenvalues of the electron (hole) is the bottom of the conduction band (top of the valence band) in the core of the tetrapod with the zinc blende crystal structure.

View Table | View all tables in this article

Table 4 The lowest 44 electron-hole pair states for L = 9.0 nm and D = 2.2 nm without considering the Coulomb potential energy. Only A ₁ states have non-zero transition dipole moments and contribute to the optical transition.

View Table | View all tables in this article

Equations (18)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

ψ_{e} (r_{e}) = φ_{e} (r_{e}) u_{e} (r_{e}),

ψ_{h} (r_{h}) = φ_{h} (r_{h}) u_{h} (r_{h}),

ℋ_{e} φ_{e} (r_{e}) \equiv {- \frac{{\bar{h}}^{2} Δ_{e}}{2 m_{e}^{*}} + V_{e} (r_{e})} φ_{e} (r_{e}) = E_{e} φ_{e} (r_{e}),

ℋ_{h} φ_{h} (r_{h}) \equiv {- \frac{{\bar{h}}^{2} Δ_{h}}{2 m_{h}^{*}} + V_{h} (r_{h})} φ_{h} (r_{h}) = E_{h} φ_{h} (r_{h}),

R ℋ_{e, h} R^{- 1} = ℋ_{e, h} (^{\forall} R \in T_{d}) .

ℋ_{X} Ψ (r_{e}, r_{h}) \equiv (ℋ_{e} + ℋ_{h} - \frac{e_{0}^{2}}{4 π ɛ_{0} ɛ | r_{e} - r_{h} |}) Ψ (r_{e}, r_{h}) = E_{X} Ψ (r_{e}, r_{h}),

Ψ (r_{e}, r_{h}) = \sum_{i, j} a_{ij} φ_{e}^{(i)} (r_{e}) φ_{h}^{(j)} (r_{h}),

R ℋ_{X} R^{- 1} = ℋ_{X} (^{\forall} R \in T_{d}) .

I_{o} = \int d r φ_{e}^{*} (r) φ_{h} (r) .

| ij (s) 〉 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} {| φ_{e}^{(i)} ↑ φ_{h}^{(j)} ↓ 〉 - | ϕ_{e}^{(i)} ↓ φ_{h}^{(j)} ↑ 〉},

〈 kl (s) | ℋ_{2} | ij (s) 〉 = 〈 kj | ℋ_{2} | il 〉 - 2 〈 jk | ℋ_{2} | il 〉,

〈 kj | ℋ_{2} | il 〉 = - \iint d r_{1} d r_{2} φ_{h}^{(j) *} (r_{2}) φ_{e}^{(k) *} (r_{1}) \frac{e_{0}^{2}}{ɛ_{0} ɛ | r_{1} - r_{2} |} φ_{e}^{(i)} (r_{1}) φ_{h}^{(l)} (r_{2}),

| i j (t) 〉 = {\begin{array}{l} | φ_{e}^{(i)} ↑ φ_{h}^{(j)} ↑ 〉, \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} {| φ_{e}^{(i)} ↑ φ_{h}^{(j)} ↓ 〉 + | φ_{e}^{(i)} ↓ φ_{h}^{(j)} ↑ 〉}, \\ | φ_{e}^{(i)} ↓ φ_{h}^{(j)} ↓ 〉, \end{array}

〈 kl (t) | ℋ_{2} | i j (t) 〉 = 〈 k j | ℋ_{2} | il 〉 .

ϕ_{A_{1}} = \frac{1}{2} (ϕ_{1} + ϕ_{2} + ϕ_{3} + ϕ_{4}) .

ϕ_{T_{2}}^{(1)} = \frac{1}{2} (ϕ_{1} + ϕ_{2} - ϕ_{3} - ϕ_{4}),

ϕ_{T_{2}}^{(2)} = \frac{1}{2} (ϕ_{1} - ϕ_{2} + ϕ_{3} - ϕ_{4}),

ϕ_{T_{2}}^{(3)} = \frac{1}{2} (ϕ_{1} - ϕ_{2} - ϕ_{3} + ϕ_{4}) .

T_d	E	6IC ₄	3C ₂	6σ_d	8C ₃
A ₁	1	1	1	1	1
A ₂	1	−1	1	−1	1
E	2	0	2	0	−1
T ₁	3	1	−1	−1	0
T ₂	3	−1	−1	1	0

T_d × T_d	E	6IC ₄	3C ₂	6σ_d	8C ₃	symmetry
A ₁ × A ₁	1	1	1	1	1	A ₁
A ₁ × A ₂	1	−1	1	−1	1	A ₂
A ₁ × E	2	0	2	0	−1	E
A ₁ × T ₁	3	1	−1	−1	0	T ₁
A ₁ × T ₂	3	−1	−1	1	0	T ₂
A ₂ × A ₂	1	1	1	1	1	A ₁
A ₂ × E	2	0	2	0	−1	E
A ₂ × T ₁	3	−1	−1	1	0	T ₂
A ₂ × T ₂	3	1	−1	−1	0	T ₁
E × E	4	0	4	0	1	A ₁ + A ₂ + E
E × T ₁	6	0	–2	0	0	T ₁ + T ₂
E × T ₂	6	0	−2	0	0	T ₁ + T ₂
T ₁ × T ₁	9	1	1	1	0	A ₁ + E + T ₁ + T ₂
T ₁ × T ₂	9	−1	1	−1	0	A ₂ + E + T ₁ + T ₂
T ₂ × T ₂	9	1	1	1	0	A ₁ + E + T ₁ + T ₂

electron (eV)	hole (eV)	symmetry	degeneracy
0.533	0.212	A ₁	1
0.632	0.253	T ₂	3
0.654	0.256	A ₁	1
0.738	0.274	T ₂	3
0.800	0.283	A ₁	1
0.918	0.309	T ₂	3
1.027	0.325	A ₁	1
1.170	0.357	T ₂	3
1.335	0.382	A ₁	1
1.481	0.418	T ₂	3

energy (eV)	symmetry	degeneracy
2.245	A ₁	1
2.286	T ₂	3
2.288	A ₁	1
2.307	T ₂	3
2.315	A ₁	1
2.341	T ₂	3
2.344	T ₂	3
2.358	A ₁	1
2.366	A ₁	1
2.385	A ₁ + E + T ₁ + T ₂	9
2.387	T ₂	3
2.389	T ₂	3
2.406	A ₁ + E + T ₁ + T ₂	9
2.407	T ₂	3

T_d	E	6IC ₄	3C ₂	6σ_d	8C ₃
A ₁	1	1	1	1	1
A ₂	1	−1	1	−1	1
E	2	0	2	0	−1
T ₁	3	1	−1	−1	0
T ₂	3	−1	−1	1	0