Abstract

Solution-processed white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with silica-coated silver nanocubes ($\mathrm{Ag}@{\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ NCs) incorporated at the interface of a hole transporting layer and emission layer are studied. The concentration of $\mathrm{Ag}@{\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ NCs is varied to investigate the effect of $\mathrm{Ag}@{\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ NCs on the performances of WOLEDs. Owing to the sharp edges and corners, Ag NCs greatly improve the radiative rate and emission intensity of nearby blue excitons. The blue emission at different $\mathrm{Ag}@{\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ NC concentrations determines the performance of the WOLEDs. The emission of the orange excitons is strengthened by the high concentration of $\mathrm{Ag}@{\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ NCs, which slightly influences the device performance. On the other hand, the ${\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ shell and some ${\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ nanospheres coexisting with Ag NCs reduce the hole transporting, improving the carrier balance in the WOLEDs. The experimental and simulated results also show that excessive $\mathrm{Ag}@{\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ NCs may cause a rough film surface, unbalanced carrier injection, and fluorescence quenching, which decreases the device performance. The optimized WOLED with a proper concentration of $\mathrm{Ag}@{\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ NCs has a peak current efficiency of 53.9 cd/A, acquiring a significant enhancement factor of 77.3% compared to the control device without $\mathrm{Ag}@{\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ NCs.

© 2019 Optical Society of America

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