Simplified read schemes for krypton tagging velocimetry in N<sub>2</sub> and air

M. A. Mustafa; N. J. Parziale

doi:10.1364/OL.43.002909

Optics Letters
Vol. 43,
Issue 12,
pp. 2909-2912
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.002909

Simplified read schemes for krypton tagging velocimetry in N₂ and air

M. A. Mustafa and N. J. Parziale

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M. A. Mustafa and N. J. Parziale, "Simplified read schemes for krypton tagging velocimetry in N₂ and air," Opt. Lett. 43, 2909-2912 (2018)

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- Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: April 25, 2018
- Manuscript Accepted: May 18, 2018
- Published: June 13, 2018

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Abstract

The background and results for two simplified read schemes for krypton tagging velocimetry (KTV) are presented. The first scheme utilizes the excitation/re-excitation approach found in the literature but replaces the pulsed dye laser used for the re-excitation step with a continuous wave, narrowband laser diode. The second scheme is a single-laser setup with no read laser where the fluorescence of the tagged Kr is imaged at successive times. Results are presented and compared to historical data for experiments performed in $99 % N_{2} / 1 %$ Kr and 95% air/5% Kr underexpanded jets. The approach with the laser diode has a higher signal, while the single-laser approach yields more consistent results. Both schemes maintain an SNR comparable to that in the literature, but with a simpler setup that enables future high-repetition rate KTV experiments.

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Transition	$λ_{vac} (nm)$	Nature	$A_{k i}$ (1/s)	$E_{i} ({cm}^{- 1})$	$E_{k} ({cm}^{- 1})$	Lower Level	Upper Level
A	758.950	single-photon	5.1e7	80916.7680	94092.8626	$5 s {[3 / 2]}_{1}^{o}$	$5 p {[1 / 2]}_{0}$
B	819.230	single-photon	1.1e7	80916.7680	93123.3409	$5 s {[3 / 2]}_{1}^{o}$	$5 p {[3 / 2]}_{2}$
C	760.364	single-photon	3.1e7	79971.7417	93123.3409	$5 s {[3 / 2]}_{2}^{o}$	$5 p {[3 / 2]}_{2}$
D	830.039	single-photon	3.2e7	80916.7680	92964.3943	$5 s {[3 / 2]}_{1}^{o}$	$5 p {[3 / 2]}_{1}$
E	769.666	single-photon	5.6e6	79971.7417	92964.3943	$5 s {[3 / 2]}_{2}^{o}$	$5 p {[3 / 2]}_{1}$
F	214.769	two-photon		0	93123.3409	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{6}$ , ${}^{1}{S_{0}}$	$5 p {[3 / 2]}_{2}$
G	212.556	two-photon		0	94092.8626	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{6}$ , ${}^{1}{S_{0}}$	$5 p {[1 / 2]}_{2}$

Gas Composition	$M_{j}$	${Re}_{j}^{unit}$	Pr	$γ$	$P_{j}$	$T_{j}$	$ρ_{j}$
(Mole fraction)	(–)	(1/m)	(–)	(–)	(Pa)	(K)	( $g / m^{3}$ )
$1. N_{2}$	5.00	89.0e6	0.709	1.40	378	49.1	25.9
$.99 N_{2} / .01 Kr %$	5.01	88.9e6	0.707	1.40	379	48.9	26.6
% change	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.3%	0.4%	2.8%
$.78 N_{2} / .21 O_{2} / .01 Ar$	5.00	89.2e6	0.710	1.40	378	49.0	26.9
$.75 N_{2} / .20 O_{2} / .05 Kr$	5.01	88.4e6	0.702	1.41	383	48.2	30.2
% change	0.2%	0.9%	1.2%	0.5%	1.3%	1.7%	12.4%

Transition	$λ_{vac} (nm)$	Nature	$A_{k i}$ (1/s)	$E_{i} ({cm}^{- 1})$	$E_{k} ({cm}^{- 1})$	Lower Level	Upper Level
A	758.950	single-photon	5.1e7	80916.7680	94092.8626	$5 s {[3 / 2]}_{1}^{o}$	$5 p {[1 / 2]}_{0}$
B	819.230	single-photon	1.1e7	80916.7680	93123.3409	$5 s {[3 / 2]}_{1}^{o}$	$5 p {[3 / 2]}_{2}$
C	760.364	single-photon	3.1e7	79971.7417	93123.3409	$5 s {[3 / 2]}_{2}^{o}$	$5 p {[3 / 2]}_{2}$
D	830.039	single-photon	3.2e7	80916.7680	92964.3943	$5 s {[3 / 2]}_{1}^{o}$	$5 p {[3 / 2]}_{1}$
E	769.666	single-photon	5.6e6	79971.7417	92964.3943	$5 s {[3 / 2]}_{2}^{o}$	$5 p {[3 / 2]}_{1}$
F	214.769	two-photon		0	93123.3409	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{6}$ , ${}^{1}{S_{0}}$	$5 p {[3 / 2]}_{2}$
G	212.556	two-photon		0	94092.8626	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{6}$ , ${}^{1}{S_{0}}$	$5 p {[1 / 2]}_{2}$

Gas Composition	$M_{j}$	${Re}_{j}^{unit}$	Pr	$γ$	$P_{j}$	$T_{j}$	$ρ_{j}$
(Mole fraction)	(–)	(1/m)	(–)	(–)	(Pa)	(K)	( $g / m^{3}$ )
$1. N_{2}$	5.00	89.0e6	0.709	1.40	378	49.1	25.9
$.99 N_{2} / .01 Kr %$	5.01	88.9e6	0.707	1.40	379	48.9	26.6
% change	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.3%	0.4%	2.8%
$.78 N_{2} / .21 O_{2} / .01 Ar$	5.00	89.2e6	0.710	1.40	378	49.0	26.9
$.75 N_{2} / .20 O_{2} / .05 Kr$	5.01	88.4e6	0.702	1.41	383	48.2	30.2
% change	0.2%	0.9%	1.2%	0.5%	1.3%	1.7%	12.4%

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