Integrated multi-beam optical phased array based on a 4 × 4 Butler matrix

Ping Lu; Weihan Xu; Chen Zhu; Chuxin Liu; Liangjun Lu; Liangjun Lu; Linjie Zhou; Linjie Zhou; Jianping Chen; Jianping Chen

doi:10.1364/OL.419828

Optics Letters
Vol. 46,
Issue 7,
pp. 1566-1569
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.419828

Integrated multi-beam optical phased array based on a 4 × 4 Butler matrix

Ping Lu, Weihan Xu, Chen Zhu, Chuxin Liu, Liangjun Lu, Linjie Zhou, and Jianping Chen

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Ping Lu, Weihan Xu, Chen Zhu, Chuxin Liu, Liangjun Lu, Linjie Zhou, and Jianping Chen, "Integrated multi-beam optical phased array based on a 4 × 4 Butler matrix," Opt. Lett. 46, 1566-1569 (2021)

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Abstract

We design and demonstrate the first, to the best of our knowledge, silicon-based multi-beam optical phased array (MOPA), incorporating a ${4} \times 4$ Butler matrix beamforming network. The one-dimensional end-fire array consists of 16 emitters at a uniform pitch together with their corresponding phase shifters and is shared among the beams to realize large-scale aliasing-free beam-steering at reduced complexity. Experimental results show that the device is capable of individual beam aliasing-free operation with a field of view up to 46°. The steering envelope shows a plateau where the peak intensities fluctuate within 0.5 dB. The beamforming and beam-steering performance are also evaluated for simultaneous multi-beam operation. Our work validates the feasibility of beamforming-network-based MOPAs, which are promising for applications including light detection and ranging and free-space optical communication.

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Ports	${I n}_{1}$	${I n}_{2}$	${I n}_{3}$	${I n}_{4}$
${O u t}_{1}$	$φ_{1}$	$φ_{1} + π / 2$	$φ_{4} + π / 4$	$φ_{4} + 3 π / 4$
${O u t}_{2}$	$φ_{1} + π / 4$	$φ_{1} - π / 4$	$φ_{4} + π$	$φ_{4} + π / 2$
${O u t}_{3}$	$φ_{1} + π / 2$	$φ_{1} + π$	$φ_{4} - π / 4$	$φ_{4} + π / 4$
${O u t}_{4}$	$φ_{1} + 3 π / 4$	$φ_{1} + π / 4$	$φ_{4} + π / 2$	$φ_{4}$
$Δ ϕ$	$π / 4$	$- 3 π / 4$	$3 π / 4$	$- π / 4$

BM Ports/Groups	Group 1 [1-4]	Group 2 [5-8]	Group 3 [9-12]	Group 4 [13-16]
${O u t}_{1}$	$φ_{1}$	$φ_{1} + π$	$φ_{1}$	$φ_{1} + π$
${O u t}_{2}$	$φ_{1} + π / 4$	$φ_{1} + 5 π / 4$	$φ_{1} + π / 4$	$φ_{1} + 5 π / 4$
${O u t}_{3}$	$φ_{1} + π / 2$	$φ_{1} + 3 π / 2$	$φ_{1} + π / 2$	$φ_{1} + 3 π / 2$
${O u t}_{4}$	$φ_{1} + 3 π / 4$	$φ_{1} + 7 π / 4$	$φ_{1} + 3 π / 4$	$φ_{1} + 7 π / 4$

Ports	${I n}_{1}$	${I n}_{2}$	${I n}_{3}$	${I n}_{4}$
${O u t}_{1}$	$φ_{1}$	$φ_{1} + π / 2$	$φ_{4} + π / 4$	$φ_{4} + 3 π / 4$
${O u t}_{2}$	$φ_{1} + π / 4$	$φ_{1} - π / 4$	$φ_{4} + π$	$φ_{4} + π / 2$
${O u t}_{3}$	$φ_{1} + π / 2$	$φ_{1} + π$	$φ_{4} - π / 4$	$φ_{4} + π / 4$
${O u t}_{4}$	$φ_{1} + 3 π / 4$	$φ_{1} + π / 4$	$φ_{4} + π / 2$	$φ_{4}$
$Δ ϕ$	$π / 4$	$- 3 π / 4$	$3 π / 4$	$- π / 4$

BM Ports/Groups	Group 1 [1-4]	Group 2 [5-8]	Group 3 [9-12]	Group 4 [13-16]
${O u t}_{1}$	$φ_{1}$	$φ_{1} + π$	$φ_{1}$	$φ_{1} + π$
${O u t}_{2}$	$φ_{1} + π / 4$	$φ_{1} + 5 π / 4$	$φ_{1} + π / 4$	$φ_{1} + 5 π / 4$
${O u t}_{3}$	$φ_{1} + π / 2$	$φ_{1} + 3 π / 2$	$φ_{1} + π / 2$	$φ_{1} + 3 π / 2$
${O u t}_{4}$	$φ_{1} + 3 π / 4$	$φ_{1} + 7 π / 4$	$φ_{1} + 3 π / 4$	$φ_{1} + 7 π / 4$

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Optics Letters