Simulation for efficiency improvement of a thuilium Q-switched ytterbium-doped all-fiber laser

Tzong-Yow Tsai; Zhi-Cheng Lee; Yu-Cheng Song; Yu-Cheng Song; Shih-Ting Lin; Zu-Jie Yang

doi:10.1364/OL.414597

Optics Letters
Vol. 46,
Issue 3,
pp. 516-519
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.414597

Simulation for efficiency improvement of a thuilium Q-switched ytterbium-doped all-fiber laser

Tzong-Yow Tsai, Zhi-Cheng Lee, Yu-Cheng Song, Shih-Ting Lin, and Zu-Jie Yang

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Tzong-Yow Tsai, Zhi-Cheng Lee, Yu-Cheng Song, Shih-Ting Lin, and Zu-Jie Yang, "Simulation for efficiency improvement of a thuilium Q-switched ytterbium-doped all-fiber laser," Opt. Lett. 46, 516-519 (2021)

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Abstract

We theoretically explore the mechanism in a thulium $ Q $-switched ytterbium-doped all-fiber fiber laser using a set of rate equations to model the correlations between the photons and the five energy levels of thulium involved in the $ Q $ switching mechanism. We demonstrate that by coupling with a gain-switched resonator, the $ Q $-switched laser is stabilized up to the maximum pulsing rate that is limited by the lifetime of level $^3\!{H_5}$. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that revealed that level $^3\!{H_5}$ plays an essential role in reinitialization, achieving sequential pulses, and limiting the maximum repetition rate.

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${T m}^{3 +}$ Non-Radiative and Radiative Lifetimes (µs)
	$1 / A_{5}^{n r}$		$1 / A_{3}^{n r}$		$1 / A_{2}^{n r}$	$1 / A_{1}^{n r}$
	8872		48.35		0.1	490.2
	$1 / A_{54}$		$1 / A_{53}$		$1 / A_{52}$	$1 / A_{51}$	$1 / A_{50}$	$1 / A_{32}$	$1 / A_{31}$	$1 / A_{30}$	$1 / A_{10}$
	28667		7818		2867	14333	1720	21667	7222	738.6	3500
${T m}^{3 +}$ level transitions, cross sections ( $\times 10^{- 21} {c m}^{2}$ ), and $k_{m n}$ ( $\times 10^{- 9} s^{- 1}$ )
	1590 nm			$^{1} G_{4} \leftrightarrow^{3} F_{2, 3}$	$σ_{54} = 0.1$ ( $k_{54} = 21.1$ )
				$^{3} H_{4} \leftrightarrow^{3} F_{4}$	$σ_{31} = 0.1$ ( $k_{31} = 21.1$ ), $σ_{13} = 0.03$ ( $k_{13} = 6.3$ )
				$^{3} F_{4} \leftrightarrow^{3} H_{6}$	$σ_{10} = 0.4$ ( $k_{10} = 84.3$ ), $σ_{01} = 3.3$ ( $k_{01} = 695.5$ )
				$^{3} H_{5} \to^{3} F_{2, 3}$	$σ_{24} = 1$ ( $k_{24} = 210.7$ )
	1070nm			$^{1} G_{4} \leftrightarrow^{3} H_{4}$	$σ_{53} = σ_{35} / 3$ ( $k_{53} = 7.0$ ), $σ_{35} = 0.1$ ( $k_{35} = 21.1$ )
				$^{3} F_{2, 3} \leftarrow^{3} F_{4}$	$σ_{14} = 4.0$ ( $k_{14} = 843$ )
				$^{3} H_{5} \leftarrow^{3} H_{6}$	$σ_{20} = σ_{02} / 3$ ( $k_{20} = 14.0$ ), $σ_{02} = 0.2$ ( $k_{02} = 42.1$ )
	800 nm			$^{3} H_{4} \leftrightarrow^{3} H_{6}$	$σ_{30} = 8.1$ ( $k_{30} = 1707$ ), $σ_{03} = 2.7$ ( $k_{03} = 569$ )
	480 nm			$^{1} G_{4} \leftrightarrow^{3} H_{6}$	$σ_{50} = 2.1$ ( $k_{50} = 442.6$ ), $σ_{05} = 0.7$ ( $k_{05} = 147.5$ )
${Y b}^{3 +}$ level transition, cross sections ( $\times 10^{- 21} {c m}^{2}$ ), and $k_{g}$ ( $\times 10^{- 9} H z$ )
	1070 nm	$^{2} F_{5 / 2} \leftrightarrow^{2} F_{7 / 2}$			$σ_{g, 10} = 2.3$ , $σ_{g, 01} = 0.1$ ( $k_{g} = 100.4$ ), $τ_{g 2} = 0.8 m s$

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Optics Letters