Abstract

Atomic excitation to excited states in a strong laser field is the key to high-order harmonic generation below the ionization threshold, yet it remains unclear mainly due to the lack of proper detection methods. We propose a frequency-resolved photon-electron spectroscopy technique to reconstruct a population of excited states with the second delayed laser pulse. The technique utilizes Fourier transformation to separate ionization from different excited states to different positions on the spectrum. With the advantage of separation, we provide a scheme to reconstruct populations on different excited states after the first pulse. The scheme is validated by a high-precision population reconstruction of helium and hydrogen atoms.

© 2018 Optical Society of America

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