Femtosecond two-photon laser-induced fluorescence of krypton for high-speed flow imaging

Yejun Wang; Cade Capps; Waruna D. Kulatilaka

doi:10.1364/OL.42.000711

Optics Letters
Vol. 42,
Issue 4,
pp. 711-714
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.42.000711

Femtosecond two-photon laser-induced fluorescence of krypton for high-speed flow imaging

Yejun Wang, Cade Capps, and Waruna D. Kulatilaka

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Yejun Wang, Cade Capps, and Waruna D. Kulatilaka, "Femtosecond two-photon laser-induced fluorescence of krypton for high-speed flow imaging," Opt. Lett. 42, 711-714 (2017)

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- Spectroscopy
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: December 16, 2016
- Revised Manuscript: January 11, 2017
- Manuscript Accepted: January 12, 2017
- Published: February 6, 2017

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Abstract

Ultrashort-pulse (femtosecond-duration) two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (fs-TPLIF) of an inert gas tracer krypton (Kr) is investigated. A detailed spectroscopic study of fluorescence channels followed by the $5 p^{'} \leftarrow \leftarrow 4 p$ excitation of Kr at 204.1 nm is reported. The experimental line positions in the 750–840 nm emission region agree well with the NIST Atomic Spectra Database. The present work provides an accurate listing of relative line strengths in this spectral region. In the range of laser pulse energies investigated, a quadratic dependence was observed between the Kr-TPLIF signal and the laser pulse energy. The single-laser-shot 2D TPLIF images recorded in an unsteady jet demonstrate the potential of using fs excitation at 204.1 nm for mixing and flow diagnostic studies using Kr as an inert gas tracer.

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	Wavelength (nm)	Relative Intensity (a.u.)		Transition
Emission Line	NIST	NIST	Exp.	Lower Level	Term	J^b	Upper Level	Term	J^b
a	758.74	1000	2500	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}^{o}$	1	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[1 / 2]}$	0
b	760.15	2000	30200	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}^{o}$	2	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}$	2
c	769.45	500	900	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}^{o}$	2	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}$	1
d	785.48	200	600	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{1 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[1 / 2]}^{o}$	0	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{1 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[1 / 2]}$	1
e	805.95	100	200	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{1 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[1 / 2]}^{o}$	0	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{1 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}$	1
f	810.44	4000	4000	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}^{o}$	2	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[5 / 2]}$	2
g	811.29	500	21600	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}^{o}$	2	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[5 / 2]}$	3
h	819.01	300	3000	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}^{o}$	1	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}$	2
i	826.32	400	2500	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{1 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[1 / 2]}^{o}$	1	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{1 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}$	2
j	828.11	200	100	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{1 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[1 / 2]}^{o}$	1	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{1 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[1 / 2]}$	1
k	829.81	500	4900	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 s$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}^{o}$	1	$4 s^{2} 4 p^{5} ({{}^{2}P}_{3 / 2}^{o}) 5 p$	${}^{2}{[3 / 2]}$	1

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