Abstract

Both normal and abnormal sub-100-nanometer ripples (wavenumber $\sim 10{\mathrm{\mu m}}^{-1}$) were separately observed on Ti surfaces excited by linearly polarized IR femtosecond laser pulses at lower and higher fluences. Numerical modeling of dispersion curves for surface plasmon–polaritons on the photoexcited Ti surfaces demonstrates its surface plasmon resonance with the peak wavenumber $\sim 8{\mathrm{\mu m}}^{-1}$ spectrally tuned by prompt surface optical response, prompt surface charging, and pre-oxidation, with normal/abnormal nanoripples appearing at its red/blue shoulders, respectively.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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