Abstract
We captured stable self-oscillations of a toroidal bubble moving away from a laser propelled cavity object in water using a high-speed imaging system. The entire laser propelling process generates a hemispherical bubble, two toroidal bubbles, and a microbubble cluster. The hemispherical bubble is formed by laser breakdown in water. The toroidal bubbles are formed by the variation of the pressure field as a result of the propagation, reflection, and convergence of the laser plasma shockwave in the cavity.
© 2013 Optical Society of America
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