Deactivation effects of the lowest excited state of Ho³⁺ at 2.9 μm emission introduced by Pr³⁺ ions in LiLuF₄ crystal

Abstract

The use of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ codoping for enhancement of the ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}\text{:}{}^5{\mathrm{I}}_6\to {}^5{\mathrm{I}}_7$ mid-IR emissions were investigated in the ${\mathrm{LiLuF}}_4$ crystal for the first time. It was found that ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ greatly increased ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ 2.9 μm emission by depopulating the ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}\text{:}{}^5{\mathrm{I}}_7$ level while having little influence on the ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}\text{:}{}^5{\mathrm{I}}_6$ level, leading to greater population inversion. The energy transfer efficiency from ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}\text{:}{}^5{\mathrm{I}}_7$ to ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}\text{:}{}^3{\mathrm{F}}_2$ is calculated to be 88%. Based on Judd–Ofelt theory, the 2.9 μm emission cross section is calculated to be $1.91\times {10}^{-20}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$, and the gain property of the ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}\text{:}{}^5{\mathrm{I}}_6\to {}^5{\mathrm{I}}_7$ transition is discussed. We propose that the Ho, ${\mathrm{Pr}\text{:}\mathrm{LiLuF}}_4$ crystal may be a promising material for 2.9 μm laser applications.

© 2012 Optical Society of America

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