Abstract

We demonstrate a silicon photonic wire waveguide biosensor array chip for the simultaneous monitoring of different molecular binding reactions. The chip is compatible with automated commercial spotting tools and contains a monolithically integrated microfluidic channel for sample delivery. Each array sensor element is a 1.8-mm-long spiral waveguide folded within a 130 μm diameter spot and is incorporated in a balanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer with a near temperature independent response. The sensors are arranged in a 400 μm spacing grid pattern and are addressed through cascaded 1×2 optical power splitters using light from a single input fiber. We demonstrate the real-time monitoring of antibody–antigen reactions using complementary and mismatched immunoglobulin G receptor–analyte pairs and bovine serum albumin. The measured level of detection for each sensor element corresponds to a surface coverage of less than 0.3  pg/mm2.

© 2009 Optical Society of America

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References

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2008 (2)

2007 (2)

K. De Vos, I. Bartolozzi, E. Schacht, P. Bienstman, and R. Baets, Opt. Express 15, 7610 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. M. Armani, R. P. Kulkarni, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. J. Vahala, Science 317, 783 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (3)

B. Sepulveda, J. S. del Rio, M. Moreno, F. J. Blanco, K. Mayora, C. Dominguez, and L. M. Lechuga, J. Opt. A 8, S561 (2006).
[Crossref]

A. Densmore, D.-X. Xu, P. Waldron, S. Janz, P. Cheben, J. Lapointe, A. Delâge, B. Lamontagne, J. H. Schmid, and E. Post, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 2520 (2006).
[Crossref]

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
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2005 (1)

2001 (1)

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Aldridge, J. C.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Anthes-Washburn, M.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Armani, A. M.

A. M. Armani, R. P. Kulkarni, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. J. Vahala, Science 317, 783 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Baets, R.

Bartolozzi, I.

Bienstman, P.

Blanco, F. J.

B. Sepulveda, J. S. del Rio, M. Moreno, F. J. Blanco, K. Mayora, C. Dominguez, and L. M. Lechuga, J. Opt. A 8, S561 (2006).
[Crossref]

Boyd, R. W.

Chbouki, N.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Cheben, P.

Chu, S.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

De Vos, K.

del Rio, J. S.

B. Sepulveda, J. S. del Rio, M. Moreno, F. J. Blanco, K. Mayora, C. Dominguez, and L. M. Lechuga, J. Opt. A 8, S561 (2006).
[Crossref]

Delâge, A.

Densmore, A.

Desai, T. A.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Dominguez, C.

B. Sepulveda, J. S. del Rio, M. Moreno, F. J. Blanco, K. Mayora, C. Dominguez, and L. M. Lechuga, J. Opt. A 8, S561 (2006).
[Crossref]

Elwing, H.

H. Elwing, Biomaterials 19, 397 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fabricius, N.

Flagan, R. C.

A. M. Armani, R. P. Kulkarni, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. J. Vahala, Science 317, 783 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fraser, S. E.

A. M. Armani, R. P. Kulkarni, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. J. Vahala, Science 317, 783 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gill, D.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Goldberg, B. B.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Heebner, J. E.

Hollenback, U.

Hryniewicz, J.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Ingenhoff, J.

Janz, S.

King, O.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Ksendzov, A.

Kulkarni, R. P.

A. M. Armani, R. P. Kulkarni, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. J. Vahala, Science 317, 783 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lamontagne, B.

A. Densmore, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, Opt. Lett. 33, 596 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D.-X. Xu, P. Waldron, S. Janz, P. Cheben, J. Lapointe, A. Delâge, B. Lamontagne, J. H. Schmid, and E. Post, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 2520 (2006).
[Crossref]

Lapointe, J.

Lechuga, L. M.

B. Sepulveda, J. S. del Rio, M. Moreno, F. J. Blanco, K. Mayora, C. Dominguez, and L. M. Lechuga, J. Opt. A 8, S561 (2006).
[Crossref]

Lin, Y.

Little, B. E.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Lopinski, G.

Luff, B. J.

Lukosz, W.

W. Lukosz, Biosens. Bioelectron. 6, 215 (1991).
[Crossref]

Mayora, K.

B. Sepulveda, J. S. del Rio, M. Moreno, F. J. Blanco, K. Mayora, C. Dominguez, and L. M. Lechuga, J. Opt. A 8, S561 (2006).
[Crossref]

McKinnon, R.

Mischki, T.

Moreno, M.

B. Sepulveda, J. S. del Rio, M. Moreno, F. J. Blanco, K. Mayora, C. Dominguez, and L. M. Lechuga, J. Opt. A 8, S561 (2006).
[Crossref]

Piehler, J.

Popat, K. C.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Post, E.

D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, A. Delâge, P. Waldron, R. McKinnon, S. Janz, J. Lapointe, G. Lopinski, T. Mischki, E. Post, P. Cheben, and J. H. Schmid, Opt. Express 16, 15137 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D.-X. Xu, P. Waldron, S. Janz, P. Cheben, J. Lapointe, A. Delâge, B. Lamontagne, J. H. Schmid, and E. Post, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 2520 (2006).
[Crossref]

Schacht, E.

Schmid, J. H.

Sepulveda, B.

B. Sepulveda, J. S. del Rio, M. Moreno, F. J. Blanco, K. Mayora, C. Dominguez, and L. M. Lechuga, J. Opt. A 8, S561 (2006).
[Crossref]

Unlu, M. S.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Vahala, K. J.

A. M. Armani, R. P. Kulkarni, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. J. Vahala, Science 317, 783 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Van, V.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Waldron, P.

Wilkinson, J. S.

Xu, D. X.

Xu, D. -X.

A. Densmore, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Waldron, T. Mischki, G. Lopinski, A. Delâge, J. Lapointe, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, and J. H. Schmid, Opt. Lett. 33, 596 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Densmore, D.-X. Xu, P. Waldron, S. Janz, P. Cheben, J. Lapointe, A. Delâge, B. Lamontagne, J. H. Schmid, and E. Post, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 2520 (2006).
[Crossref]

Yalcin, A.

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)

Biomaterials (1)

H. Elwing, Biomaterials 19, 397 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Biosens. Bioelectron. (1)

W. Lukosz, Biosens. Bioelectron. 6, 215 (1991).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, J. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 148 (2006).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

A. Densmore, D.-X. Xu, P. Waldron, S. Janz, P. Cheben, J. Lapointe, A. Delâge, B. Lamontagne, J. H. Schmid, and E. Post, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 2520 (2006).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

J. Opt. A (1)

B. Sepulveda, J. S. del Rio, M. Moreno, F. J. Blanco, K. Mayora, C. Dominguez, and L. M. Lechuga, J. Opt. A 8, S561 (2006).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (2)

Opt. Lett. (2)

Science (1)

A. M. Armani, R. P. Kulkarni, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. J. Vahala, Science 317, 783 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Figures (2)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Top view of a silicon photonic wire MZI sensor array, with a monolithically integrated SU-8 microfluidic channel, that is aligned to the sensor windows for analyte delivery. The top six sensors (S1–S6) of the array are used in the experiment, while the bottom three sensors are independent test structures.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Binding curves obtained using an IR camera to simultaneously track the phase change induced in the MZI sensors. Sensors 1 and 2 were printed with goat IgG, sensors 3 and 4 were printed with rabbit IgG, and sensors 5 and 6 were printed with BSA using a microarray spotter. For clarity the sensor response curves have been offset in the plot.

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