Abstract
We report what is to our knowledge the first optical imaging of voltage-clamped cells by second-harmonic generation. For the membrane-staining styryl dye di-4-ANEPPS, we determined the sensitivity of second-harmonic generation to be at an excitation wavelength of 850 nm. This sensitivity is significantly better than the optimal under fluorescence and further establishes the importance of second-harmonic generation for the functional imaging of membrane potential in living cells.
© 2003 Optical Society of America
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