Doppler-free two-photon spectrum of SF<sub>6</sub> for metrological purposes

F. Herlemont; M. Khelkhal; J. Legrand; G. Pierre

doi:10.1364/OL.23.000957

Optics Letters
Vol. 23,
Issue 12,
pp. 957-959
(1998)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.23.000957

Doppler-free two-photon spectrum of SF₆ for metrological purposes

F. Herlemont, M. Khelkhal, J. Legrand, and G. Pierre

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F. Herlemont, M. Khelkhal, J. Legrand, and G. Pierre, "Doppler-free two-photon spectrum of SF₆ for metrological purposes," Opt. Lett. 23, 957-959 (1998)

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Abstract

We report on our systematic investigation of strong Doppler-free two-photon absorption in the middle infrared. The absorption frequencies for two counterpropagating waves of identical frequencies are predicted. Five of these transitions were observed with sub-Doppler resolution with a sideband ${CO}_{2}$ laser and were measured with 10-kHz accuracy. Knowledge of these strong two-photon absorptions frequencies will allow the improvement of secondary frequency standards in the infrared.

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${CO}_{2}$ Laser Line	${SF}_{6}$ Reference Line	${SF}_{6}$ Two-Photon Transition	Transition Dipole Moments $(d)$		Detuning, $Δ ν$ (MHz)	Spin Statistical Weight	Calculated Intensity (ArbitraryUnits)	Observed Two-PhotonFrequency (kHz)	Calculated Observed Frequency, $ν_{o} - ν_{c}$ (kHz)
${CO}_{2}$ Laser Line	$〈1 \|μ\| 2〉$	$〈2 \|μ\| 3〉$			Detuning, $Δ ν$ (MHz)	Spin Statistical Weight	Calculated Intensity (ArbitraryUnits)	Observed Two-PhotonFrequency (kHz)	Calculated Observed Frequency, $ν_{o} - ν_{c}$ (kHz)
$10 P 14$	$R 28$	$S 21$	2.24	$- 0.32$	6	6	12	56 907 896	583
$10 P 14$	$A_{2} (0)$	$4 F 115$	2.24	$- 0.32$	6	6	12	530(10)	583
$10 P 16$	$Q 43$	$P 13$	$- 1.67$	$- 1.33$	25	10	13	56 794 390	219
$10 P 16$	$F_{1} (8)$	$A_{2} 5$	$- 1.67$	$- 1.33$	25	10	13	862(10)	219
$10 P 18$	$P 33$	$P 39$	2.92	2.81	21	6	98	56 697 219	$- 96$
	$A_{2} (1)$	$2 F_{2} 40$	2.92	2.81	21	6	98	298(10)	$- 96$
	$P 33$	$P 39$	$- 2.92$	$- 2.81$	76	6	7	56 697 126	$- 36$
	$A_{2} (1)$	$2 F_{1} 39$	$- 2.92$	$- 2.81$	76	6	7	159(10)	$- 36$
	$P 33$	$P 39$	2.92	$- 2.81$	49	8	22	56 697 171	$- 6$
	$A_{2} (1)$	$1 E 27$	2.92	$- 2.81$	49	8	22	828(10)	$- 6$

${CO}_{2}$ Laser Line	${SF}_{6}$ Reference Line	${SF}_{6}$ Two-Photon Transition	Transition Dipole Moments		Energy of the Lower Level, $E_{1} ({cm}^{- 1})$	Detuning, $Δ ν$ (MHz)	Intensity (Arbitrary Units)	Calculated Microwave Frequency (MHz)
${CO}_{2}$ Laser Line	${SF}_{6}$ Reference Line	${SF}_{6}$ Two-Photon Transition	$〈1 \|μ\| 2〉$ $(d)$	$〈2 \|μ\| 3〉$ $(d)$	Energy of the Lower Level, $E_{1} ({cm}^{- 1})$	Detuning, $Δ ν$ (MHz)
$10 P 16$	$Q 43 F_{1} 8$	$Q 45 1 A_{2} 15$	$- 3.18$	$+ 3.56$	188.5	99	10	$- 2$ 818.373
		$Q 44 1 F_{1} 43$	$+ 3.14$	$- 3.52$	180.3	68	15	$- 2$ 537.264
		$Q 44 1 E 30$	$- 3.14$	$- 3.52$	180.3	66	15	$- 2$ 535.782
		$Q 44 1 F_{2} 44$	$+ 3.14$	$- 3.52$	180.3	65	15	$- 2$ 534.305
		$R 49 4 F_{1} 16$	$- 3.32$	$+ 3.31$	223.1	7	$> 100$	$- 1$ 515.981
		$R 49 3 E 11$	$+ 3.32$	$+ 3.30$	223.1	52	23	$- 1$ 397.897
		$R 47 2 A_{2} 6$	$+ 3.25$	$- 3.23$	205.4	16	$> 100$	$- 282.471$
		$P 4 1 E 2$	$+ 0.88$	$+ 0.65$	1.8	75	0.09	$- 165.228$
		$Q 28 1 E 19$	$- 3.15$	$+ 2.69$	73.9	3145	0.005	$- 171.466$

${CO}_{2}$ Laser Line	${SF}_{6}$ Reference Line	${SF}_{6}$ Two-Photon Transition	Transition Dipole Moments $(d)$		Detuning, $Δ ν$ (MHz)	Spin Statistical Weight	Calculated Intensity (ArbitraryUnits)	Observed Two-PhotonFrequency (kHz)	Calculated Observed Frequency, $ν_{o} - ν_{c}$ (kHz)
${CO}_{2}$ Laser Line	$〈1 \|μ\| 2〉$	$〈2 \|μ\| 3〉$			Detuning, $Δ ν$ (MHz)	Spin Statistical Weight	Calculated Intensity (ArbitraryUnits)	Observed Two-PhotonFrequency (kHz)	Calculated Observed Frequency, $ν_{o} - ν_{c}$ (kHz)
$10 P 14$	$R 28$	$S 21$	2.24	$- 0.32$	6	6	12	56 907 896	583
$10 P 14$	$A_{2} (0)$	$4 F 115$	2.24	$- 0.32$	6	6	12	530(10)	583
$10 P 16$	$Q 43$	$P 13$	$- 1.67$	$- 1.33$	25	10	13	56 794 390	219
$10 P 16$	$F_{1} (8)$	$A_{2} 5$	$- 1.67$	$- 1.33$	25	10	13	862(10)	219
$10 P 18$	$P 33$	$P 39$	2.92	2.81	21	6	98	56 697 219	$- 96$
	$A_{2} (1)$	$2 F_{2} 40$	2.92	2.81	21	6	98	298(10)	$- 96$
	$P 33$	$P 39$	$- 2.92$	$- 2.81$	76	6	7	56 697 126	$- 36$
	$A_{2} (1)$	$2 F_{1} 39$	$- 2.92$	$- 2.81$	76	6	7	159(10)	$- 36$
	$P 33$	$P 39$	2.92	$- 2.81$	49	8	22	56 697 171	$- 6$
	$A_{2} (1)$	$1 E 27$	2.92	$- 2.81$	49	8	22	828(10)	$- 6$

${CO}_{2}$ Laser Line	${SF}_{6}$ Reference Line	${SF}_{6}$ Two-Photon Transition	Transition Dipole Moments		Energy of the Lower Level, $E_{1} ({cm}^{- 1})$	Detuning, $Δ ν$ (MHz)	Intensity (Arbitrary Units)	Calculated Microwave Frequency (MHz)
${CO}_{2}$ Laser Line	${SF}_{6}$ Reference Line	${SF}_{6}$ Two-Photon Transition	$〈1 \|μ\| 2〉$ $(d)$	$〈2 \|μ\| 3〉$ $(d)$	Energy of the Lower Level, $E_{1} ({cm}^{- 1})$	Detuning, $Δ ν$ (MHz)
$10 P 16$	$Q 43 F_{1} 8$	$Q 45 1 A_{2} 15$	$- 3.18$	$+ 3.56$	188.5	99	10	$- 2$ 818.373
		$Q 44 1 F_{1} 43$	$+ 3.14$	$- 3.52$	180.3	68	15	$- 2$ 537.264
		$Q 44 1 E 30$	$- 3.14$	$- 3.52$	180.3	66	15	$- 2$ 535.782
		$Q 44 1 F_{2} 44$	$+ 3.14$	$- 3.52$	180.3	65	15	$- 2$ 534.305
		$R 49 4 F_{1} 16$	$- 3.32$	$+ 3.31$	223.1	7	$> 100$	$- 1$ 515.981
		$R 49 3 E 11$	$+ 3.32$	$+ 3.30$	223.1	52	23	$- 1$ 397.897
		$R 47 2 A_{2} 6$	$+ 3.25$	$- 3.23$	205.4	16	$> 100$	$- 282.471$
		$P 4 1 E 2$	$+ 0.88$	$+ 0.65$	1.8	75	0.09	$- 165.228$
		$Q 28 1 E 19$	$- 3.15$	$+ 2.69$	73.9	3145	0.005	$- 171.466$

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Optics Letters