Control of proton exchange for LiTaO3 waveguides and the crystal structure of HxLi1−xTaO3

K. El Hadi; A. Leycuras; V. A. Fedorov; Yu. N. Korkishko; P. Baldi; S. Nouh; M. P. De Micheli

doi:10.1364/OL.20.001698

Control of proton exchange for LiTaO₃ waveguides and the crystal structure of H_xLi₁₋_xTaO₃

K. El Hadi, P. Baldi, S. Nouh, M. P. De Micheli, A. Leycuras, V. A. Fedorov, and Yu. N. Korkishko

Optics Letters
Vol. 20,
Issue 16,
pp. 1698-1700
(1995)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.20.001698

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K. El Hadi, A. Leycuras, V. A. Fedorov, Yu. N. Korkishko, P. Baldi, S. Nouh, and M. P. De Micheli, "Control of proton exchange for LiTaO₃ waveguides and the crystal structure of HxLi₁₋xTaO₃," Opt. Lett. 20, 1698-1700 (1995)

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Abstract

We show how the phase diagram of the H_xLi₁₋_xTaO₃ waveguiding layer on top of a crystal of a given orientation allows one to understand, and thus to control, the proton-exchange process in lithium tantalate. Different ways of producing high-quality waveguides are identified.

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Phase	$δ n_{e} (= f ɛ_{33}^{″})$
α′	$8 ɛ_{33}^{″}$
α	$7.4 ɛ_{33}^{″} + 0.0072$
β	$2.1 ɛ_{33}^{″} + 0.0218$
γ	0.028
δ	$- 5.1 ɛ_{33}^{″} + 0.0385$

Sample Number	Sample	%LB	T (°C)	Time (h)	δn_e	Depth (μm)	$ɛ_{33}^{″}$
1	TZ+220-15	3.6	330	30	0.004	5.6	5 × 10⁻⁴
2	TZ+220-6	0.5	330	4	0.030	2.8
2a	TZ+220-6	Annealed	380	1	0.026	4.8	1.84 × 10⁻³
3	T3-7	0.5	330	2	0.029	2.6	3.65 × 10⁻³
4	T3-9	0.5	330	5	0.028	3.2	3.55 × 10⁻³
5	TZ+220-13	1	330	5	0.028	2.2
5a	TZ+220-13	Annealed	380	3	0.012	7.2 8 × 10⁻⁴
6	TZ+220-12	0.5	330	4	0.030	2.8
6a	TZ+220-12	Annealed	400	3	0.016	8.3	9.5 × 10⁻⁴
7	TZ+220-8	1	330	5	0.028	2.2
7a	TZ+220-8	Annealed	380	1	0.018	4.8	1.39 × 10⁻³

Phase	$δ n_{e} (= f ɛ_{33}^{″})$
α′	$8 ɛ_{33}^{″}$
α	$7.4 ɛ_{33}^{″} + 0.0072$
β	$2.1 ɛ_{33}^{″} + 0.0218$
γ	0.028
δ	$- 5.1 ɛ_{33}^{″} + 0.0385$

Sample Number	Sample	%LB	T (°C)	Time (h)	δn_e	Depth (μm)	$ɛ_{33}^{″}$
1	TZ+220-15	3.6	330	30	0.004	5.6	5 × 10⁻⁴
2	TZ+220-6	0.5	330	4	0.030	2.8
2a	TZ+220-6	Annealed	380	1	0.026	4.8	1.84 × 10⁻³
3	T3-7	0.5	330	2	0.029	2.6	3.65 × 10⁻³
4	T3-9	0.5	330	5	0.028	3.2	3.55 × 10⁻³
5	TZ+220-13	1	330	5	0.028	2.2
5a	TZ+220-13	Annealed	380	3	0.012	7.2 8 × 10⁻⁴
6	TZ+220-12	0.5	330	4	0.030	2.8
6a	TZ+220-12	Annealed	400	3	0.016	8.3	9.5 × 10⁻⁴
7	TZ+220-8	1	330	5	0.028	2.2
7a	TZ+220-8	Annealed	380	1	0.018	4.8	1.39 × 10⁻³

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