Abstract

We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first entirely monolithic dysprosium (Dy)-doped fluoride fiber laser operating in the mid-IR region. The system delivers 10.1 W at 3.24 μm in continuous operation, a record for fiber oscillators in this range of wavelengths. The Dy3+ fiber is pumped in-band using an erbium-doped fiber laser at 2.83 μm made in-house and connected through a fusion splice. Two fiber Bragg gratings directly written in the Dy-doped fiber form the 3.24 μm laser cavity to provide a spectrally controlled laser output. This substantial increase of output power in the 3.0–3.3 μm spectral range could open new possibilities for applications in spectroscopy and advanced manufacturing.

© 2019 Optical Society of America

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2018 (7)

C. Frayssinous, V. Fortin, J.-P. Bérubé, A. Fraser, and R. Vallée, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 252, 813 (2018).
[Crossref]

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

R. Carbonnier and W. Zheng, Proc. SPIE 10513, 105131G (2018).

M. R. Majewski, S. D. Jackson, and R. Woodward, Opt. Lett. 43, 971 (2018).
[Crossref]

R. Woodward, M. R. Majewski, G. Bharathan, D. Hudson, A. Fuerbach, and S. D. Jackson, Opt. Lett. 43, 1471 (2018).
[Crossref]

P. Paradis, V. Fortin, Y. O. Aydin, R. Vallée, and M. Bernier, Opt. Lett. 43, 3196 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. O. Aydin, V. Fortin, R. Vallée, and M. Bernier, Opt. Lett. 43, 4542 (2018).
[Crossref]

2017 (4)

F. Maes, V. Fortin, M. Bernier, and R. Vallée, Opt. Lett. 42, 2054 (2017).
[Crossref]

D. Jung, S. Bank, M. L. Lee, and D. Wasserman, J. Opt. 19, 123001 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. S. Goldenstein, R. M. Spearrin, J. B. Jeffries, and R. K. Hanson, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 60, 132 (2017).
[Crossref]

S. Wang, T. Parise, S. E. Johnson, D. F. Davidson, and R. K. Hanson, Combust. Flame 186, 129 (2017).
[Crossref]

2015 (3)

S. Crawford, D. D. Hudson, and S. D. Jackson, IEEE Photon. J. 7, 1 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Veerabuthiran, A. K. Razdan, M. K. Jindal, R. K. Sharma, and V. Sagar, Opt. Laser Technol. 73, 1 (2015).

V. Fortin, M. Bernier, S. T. Bah, and R. Vallée, Opt. Lett. 40, 2882 (2015).
[Crossref]

2014 (1)

2013 (1)

V. Fortin, M. Bernier, N. Caron, D. Faucher, M. El Amraoui, Y. Messaddeq, and R. Vallée, Opt. Eng. 52, 054202 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (2)

2011 (2)

M. Ghysels, L. Gomez, J. Cousin, N. Amarouche, H. Jost, and G. Durry, Appl. Phys. B 104, 989 (2011).
[Crossref]

K. Itoh, W. Watanabe, S. Nolte, and C. B. Schaffer, MRS Bull. 31(8), 620 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (1)

L. Gomes, A. F. H. Librantz, and S. D. Jackson, J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053103 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (1)

2007 (1)

1992 (1)

J. M. Jewell and I. D. Aggarwal, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 142, 260 (1992).
[Crossref]

Aggarwal, I. D.

J. M. Jewell and I. D. Aggarwal, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 142, 260 (1992).
[Crossref]

Amarouche, N.

M. Ghysels, L. Gomez, J. Cousin, N. Amarouche, H. Jost, and G. Durry, Appl. Phys. B 104, 989 (2011).
[Crossref]

Androz, G.

Aydin, Y. O.

Bah, S. T.

Bank, S.

D. Jung, S. Bank, M. L. Lee, and D. Wasserman, J. Opt. 19, 123001 (2017).
[Crossref]

Benson, T. M.

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

Beres-Pawlik, E.

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

Bernier, M.

Bérubé, J.-P.

C. Frayssinous, V. Fortin, J.-P. Bérubé, A. Fraser, and R. Vallée, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 252, 813 (2018).
[Crossref]

Bharathan, G.

Carbonnier, R.

R. Carbonnier and W. Zheng, Proc. SPIE 10513, 105131G (2018).

Caron, N.

V. Fortin, M. Bernier, N. Caron, D. Faucher, M. El Amraoui, Y. Messaddeq, and R. Vallée, Opt. Eng. 52, 054202 (2013).
[Crossref]

N. Caron, M. Bernier, D. Faucher, and R. Vallée, Opt. Express 20, 22188 (2012).
[Crossref]

Carrier, J.

Chan, A.

Chin, S. L.

Cousin, J.

M. Ghysels, L. Gomez, J. Cousin, N. Amarouche, H. Jost, and G. Durry, Appl. Phys. B 104, 989 (2011).
[Crossref]

Crawford, S.

S. Crawford, D. D. Hudson, and S. D. Jackson, IEEE Photon. J. 7, 1 (2015).
[Crossref]

Davidson, D. F.

S. Wang, T. Parise, S. E. Johnson, D. F. Davidson, and R. K. Hanson, Combust. Flame 186, 129 (2017).
[Crossref]

Durry, G.

M. Ghysels, L. Gomez, J. Cousin, N. Amarouche, H. Jost, and G. Durry, Appl. Phys. B 104, 989 (2011).
[Crossref]

El Amraoui, M.

V. Fortin, M. Bernier, N. Caron, D. Faucher, M. El Amraoui, Y. Messaddeq, and R. Vallée, Opt. Eng. 52, 054202 (2013).
[Crossref]

Faucher, D.

Fortin, V.

Fraser, A.

C. Frayssinous, V. Fortin, J.-P. Bérubé, A. Fraser, and R. Vallée, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 252, 813 (2018).
[Crossref]

Frayssinous, C.

C. Frayssinous, V. Fortin, J.-P. Bérubé, A. Fraser, and R. Vallée, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 252, 813 (2018).
[Crossref]

Freeman, M. J.

Fuerbach, A.

Ghysels, M.

M. Ghysels, L. Gomez, J. Cousin, N. Amarouche, H. Jost, and G. Durry, Appl. Phys. B 104, 989 (2011).
[Crossref]

Goldenstein, C. S.

C. S. Goldenstein, R. M. Spearrin, J. B. Jeffries, and R. K. Hanson, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 60, 132 (2017).
[Crossref]

Gomes, L.

L. Gomes, A. F. H. Librantz, and S. D. Jackson, J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053103 (2010).
[Crossref]

Gomez, L.

M. Ghysels, L. Gomez, J. Cousin, N. Amarouche, H. Jost, and G. Durry, Appl. Phys. B 104, 989 (2011).
[Crossref]

Hanson, R. K.

C. S. Goldenstein, R. M. Spearrin, J. B. Jeffries, and R. K. Hanson, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 60, 132 (2017).
[Crossref]

S. Wang, T. Parise, S. E. Johnson, D. F. Davidson, and R. K. Hanson, Combust. Flame 186, 129 (2017).
[Crossref]

Hudson, D.

Hudson, D. D.

S. Crawford, D. D. Hudson, and S. D. Jackson, IEEE Photon. J. 7, 1 (2015).
[Crossref]

Islam, M. N.

Itoh, K.

K. Itoh, W. Watanabe, S. Nolte, and C. B. Schaffer, MRS Bull. 31(8), 620 (2011).
[Crossref]

Jackson, S. D.

Jeffries, J. B.

C. S. Goldenstein, R. M. Spearrin, J. B. Jeffries, and R. K. Hanson, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 60, 132 (2017).
[Crossref]

Jewell, J. M.

J. M. Jewell and I. D. Aggarwal, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 142, 260 (1992).
[Crossref]

Jindal, M. K.

S. Veerabuthiran, A. K. Razdan, M. K. Jindal, R. K. Sharma, and V. Sagar, Opt. Laser Technol. 73, 1 (2015).

Johnson, S. E.

S. Wang, T. Parise, S. E. Johnson, D. F. Davidson, and R. K. Hanson, Combust. Flame 186, 129 (2017).
[Crossref]

Jost, H.

M. Ghysels, L. Gomez, J. Cousin, N. Amarouche, H. Jost, and G. Durry, Appl. Phys. B 104, 989 (2011).
[Crossref]

Jung, D.

D. Jung, S. Bank, M. L. Lee, and D. Wasserman, J. Opt. 19, 123001 (2017).
[Crossref]

Koenig, J. L.

J. L. Koenig, Spectroscopy of Polymers (Elsevier, 1999).

Kumar, M.

Lamrini, S.

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

Lee, M. L.

D. Jung, S. Bank, M. L. Lee, and D. Wasserman, J. Opt. 19, 123001 (2017).
[Crossref]

Librantz, A. F. H.

L. Gomes, A. F. H. Librantz, and S. D. Jackson, J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053103 (2010).
[Crossref]

Maes, F.

Majewski, M. R.

Manzur, T.

Markowski, K.

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

Messaddeq, Y.

V. Fortin, M. Bernier, N. Caron, D. Faucher, M. El Amraoui, Y. Messaddeq, and R. Vallée, Opt. Eng. 52, 054202 (2013).
[Crossref]

Neelakandan, M.

Nolte, S.

K. Itoh, W. Watanabe, S. Nolte, and C. B. Schaffer, MRS Bull. 31(8), 620 (2011).
[Crossref]

Osuch, T.

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

Pajewski, L.

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

Paradis, P.

Parise, T.

S. Wang, T. Parise, S. E. Johnson, D. F. Davidson, and R. K. Hanson, Combust. Flame 186, 129 (2017).
[Crossref]

Popenda, M.

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

Razdan, A. K.

S. Veerabuthiran, A. K. Razdan, M. K. Jindal, R. K. Sharma, and V. Sagar, Opt. Laser Technol. 73, 1 (2015).

Sagar, V.

S. Veerabuthiran, A. K. Razdan, M. K. Jindal, R. K. Sharma, and V. Sagar, Opt. Laser Technol. 73, 1 (2015).

Saliminia, A.

Schaffer, C. B.

K. Itoh, W. Watanabe, S. Nolte, and C. B. Schaffer, MRS Bull. 31(8), 620 (2011).
[Crossref]

Seddon, A. B.

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

Sharma, R. K.

S. Veerabuthiran, A. K. Razdan, M. K. Jindal, R. K. Sharma, and V. Sagar, Opt. Laser Technol. 73, 1 (2015).

Sheng, Y.

Sójka, L.

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

Spearrin, R. M.

C. S. Goldenstein, R. M. Spearrin, J. B. Jeffries, and R. K. Hanson, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 60, 132 (2017).
[Crossref]

Sujecki, S.

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

Terry, F. L.

Trépanier, F.

Vallée, R.

Veerabuthiran, S.

S. Veerabuthiran, A. K. Razdan, M. K. Jindal, R. K. Sharma, and V. Sagar, Opt. Laser Technol. 73, 1 (2015).

Wang, S.

S. Wang, T. Parise, S. E. Johnson, D. F. Davidson, and R. K. Hanson, Combust. Flame 186, 129 (2017).
[Crossref]

Wasserman, D.

D. Jung, S. Bank, M. L. Lee, and D. Wasserman, J. Opt. 19, 123001 (2017).
[Crossref]

Watanabe, W.

K. Itoh, W. Watanabe, S. Nolte, and C. B. Schaffer, MRS Bull. 31(8), 620 (2011).
[Crossref]

Woodward, R.

Zheng, W.

R. Carbonnier and W. Zheng, Proc. SPIE 10513, 105131G (2018).

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. B (1)

M. Ghysels, L. Gomez, J. Cousin, N. Amarouche, H. Jost, and G. Durry, Appl. Phys. B 104, 989 (2011).
[Crossref]

Combust. Flame (1)

S. Wang, T. Parise, S. E. Johnson, D. F. Davidson, and R. K. Hanson, Combust. Flame 186, 129 (2017).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. J. (1)

S. Crawford, D. D. Hudson, and S. D. Jackson, IEEE Photon. J. 7, 1 (2015).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

L. Sójka, L. Pajewski, M. Popenda, E. Beres-Pawlik, S. Lamrini, K. Markowski, T. Osuch, T. M. Benson, A. B. Seddon, and S. Sujecki, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1083 (2018).
[Crossref]

J. Appl. Phys. (1)

L. Gomes, A. F. H. Librantz, and S. D. Jackson, J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053103 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. Mater. Process. Technol. (1)

C. Frayssinous, V. Fortin, J.-P. Bérubé, A. Fraser, and R. Vallée, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 252, 813 (2018).
[Crossref]

J. Non-Cryst. Solids (1)

J. M. Jewell and I. D. Aggarwal, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 142, 260 (1992).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. (1)

D. Jung, S. Bank, M. L. Lee, and D. Wasserman, J. Opt. 19, 123001 (2017).
[Crossref]

MRS Bull. (1)

K. Itoh, W. Watanabe, S. Nolte, and C. B. Schaffer, MRS Bull. 31(8), 620 (2011).
[Crossref]

Opt. Eng. (1)

V. Fortin, M. Bernier, N. Caron, D. Faucher, M. El Amraoui, Y. Messaddeq, and R. Vallée, Opt. Eng. 52, 054202 (2013).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Opt. Laser Technol. (1)

S. Veerabuthiran, A. K. Razdan, M. K. Jindal, R. K. Sharma, and V. Sagar, Opt. Laser Technol. 73, 1 (2015).

Opt. Lett. (9)

Proc. SPIE (1)

R. Carbonnier and W. Zheng, Proc. SPIE 10513, 105131G (2018).

Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. (1)

C. S. Goldenstein, R. M. Spearrin, J. B. Jeffries, and R. K. Hanson, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 60, 132 (2017).
[Crossref]

Other (1)

J. L. Koenig, Spectroscopy of Polymers (Elsevier, 1999).

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Experimental setup of the 10-W-level Dy-doped fluoride fiber laser at 3.24 μm. CMS, cladding mode stripper; LD, laser diode; S1, multimode splice point; S2–S3, single-mode splice points. (b) Microscope image of the fusion splice (S3) between the undoped FG fiber and the Dy:FG fiber.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Transmission spectrum of HR- and of LR-FBGs bounding the 3.24 μm laser cavity.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Laser output power at 3.24 μm as a function of the launched pump power at 2.83 μm. The average slope efficiency is 58%.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Output spectrum of the Dy:FG fiber laser at output powers of 0.9, 3.6, and 9.3 W.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Output power stability around (a) 9.3 W and (b) 4.5 W at 3.24 μm, showing respective RMS variations of 0.4% and 1.1%.

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