Optical frequency transfer via $146\mathrm{km}$ fiber link with ${10}^{-19}$ relative accuracy

Abstract

We demonstrate the long-distance transmission of an ultrastable optical frequency derived directly from a state-of-the-art optical frequency standard. Using an active stabilization system we deliver the frequency via a $146\text{-}\mathrm{km}$-long underground fiber link with a fractional instability of $3\times {10}^{-15}$ at $1\mathrm{s}$, which is close to the theoretical limit for our transfer experiment. After $\mathrm{30,000}\mathrm{s}$, the relative uncertainty for the transfer is at the level of $1\times {10}^{-19}$. Tests with a very short fiber show that noise in our stabilization system contributes fluctuations that are 2 orders of magnitude lower, namely, $3\times {10}^{-17}$ at $1\mathrm{s}$, reaching ${10}^{-20}$ after $4000\mathrm{s}$.

© 2009 Optical Society of America

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