Abstract

We have used resonant Raman scattering as a novel, noninvasive in vivo optical technique to measure the concentration of macular carotenoid pigments in the living human retina. Using a backscattering geometry and resonant molecular excitation in the visible, we measure the Raman peaks that originate from the single- and double-bond stretch vibrations of the $\pi$-conjugated molecule’s carbon backbone. The Raman signals scale linearly with carotenoid content, whereas the required laser excitation is well under safety limits for macular exposure. The Raman technique is objective and quantitative and may lead to a new method for rapid screening of carotenoid pigment levels in large human populations that are at risk for vision loss from age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness of the elderly in the United States.

© 2001 Optical Society of America

In vivo resonant Raman measurement of macular carotenoid pigments in the young and the aging human retina

Werner Gellermann, Igor V. Ermakov, Maia R. Ermakova, Robert W. McClane, Da-You Zhao, and Paul S. Bernstein
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19(6) 1172-1186 (2002)

Raman imaging of human macular pigments

Werner Gellermann, Igor V. Ermakov, Robert W. McClane, and Paul S. Bernstein
Opt. Lett. 27(10) 833-835 (2002)

Resonance Raman detection of carotenoid antioxidants in living human tissues

Igor V. Ermakov, Maia R. Ermakova, Robert W. McClane, and Werner Gellermann
Opt. Lett. 26(15) 1179-1181 (2001)

Resonance Raman imaging of macular pigment distributions in the human retina

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J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25(4) 947-957 (2008)

Nonmydriatic fluorescence-based quantitative imaging of human macular pigment distributions

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J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23(10) 2373-2387 (2006)