Abstract

Taking into account the delayed Raman response, an expression for the collision-induced frequency shift is derived. In a wavelength-division multiplexed soliton system, solitons undergo cross-frequency shifts owing to collisions, which leads to timing jitter for transmission systems with bit rates of more than $40 \text{Gbits}/\mathrm{s}$ per channel.

© 1998 Optical Society of America

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