Abstract

We report experimental studies on the dynamics of excited-state condensate for exciton-polaritons confined in an optically generated trap. The three-dimensionally confined trap was realized by imposing two optical barriers onto a one-dimensional ZnO whispering gallery microcavity. Experimentally, we characterized the confined polariton condensate by varying the trap width and the barrier height. Theoretically, we calculated the spatial overlap between the polariton wavefunction and the excitonic reservoir. Direct comparison of these results verified that such polariton-reservoir overlap was responsible for the observed excited-state polariton condensate.

© 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

1. Introduction

The strong coupling between semiconductor excitons and microcavity photons leads to the formation of composite particles, well-known as exciton-polaritons [1–4]. They are continuously attracting lots of attention in the past decades due to the rich physics they carry and their potential application in optoelectronics. Among the fascinating physics, perhaps the most appealing characteristic for polaritons is their ability to condense, like a Bose Einstein gas, at temperature that is many orders of magnitude higher than that for real atoms [5–7]. This is mainly due to their unique half-light half-matter nature. Indeed, the effective mass of a typical polariton is only 10−5 me (me: free electron mass) [8,9], elevating the condensation temperature up to room temperature or even higher. On the other hand, the excitonic fraction of polariton leads to strong interparticle interactions, which generates a wide variety of nonlinear effects.

Prior to their practical applications, effective manipulation of the polariton condensate and its flow is essential. To this end, one efficient way is to confine them in potential traps. Spatial confinement, together with the short lifetime of polaritons (typically a few picoseconds), leads to many interesting physics, such as evaporative cooling [10], binding and antibinding polariton states [11]. Compared with traditional static traps which are usually realized by mechanically patterning the samples, more and more attention is being paid to the optically generated traps in recent years. Unlike those static traps, the optical traps are created by means of nonresonant optical pumping which injects a dense cloud of uncondensed excitons in addition to polaritons. As a result of the inherited excitonic fraction, polaritons experience strong repulsive Coulomb interaction with the dense excitonic cloud (i.e., excitonic reservoir), making the reservoir a barrier for polaritons [9,12,13]. Based on the flexibility of optical traps, recent studies have found a variety of new polariton physics, including vortex lattices [14], superfluid phase transitions [15], tunable magnetic alignment [16], etc. Besides these, another amazing characteristic for optically confined polaritons was found recently by Askitopoulos et al [17]. By means of a ring-shaped excitation beam, Askitopoulos and his associates demonstrated that polaritons in optical traps tend to condense in excited states. These observations indicate the complexity of polariton condensate in optical traps. An in-depth investigation of their dynamics is thus highly desirable.

In this work, we report experimental studies on the dynamics of excited-state condensate for exciton-polaritons confined in an optically generated trap. Unlike the ring-shaped excitation scheme which was frequently employed in pioneering literatures, the trap in this work was realized by imposing two potential barriers onto a one-dimensional ZnO microcavity using two Gaussian laser beams. Experimentally, we characterized the confined condensate by varying the trap width and barrier height. Theoretically, we calculated the spatial overlap between the polariton wavefunction and the excitonic reservoir. Direct comparison of these data verifies that the polariton-reservoir overlap was responsible for the observed excited-state condensation phenomena.

2. Sample and experimental details

The samples we used are one-dimensional (1D) ZnO microrods grown by chemical vapor deposition. Typical diameter of these microrods is around 1 ~2 μm and length exceeding 100 μm. The as-grown microrods possess regular hexagonal cross-sections which form naturally whispering gallery (WG) microcavities for photons [9,10,18–20]. The strong coupling between these WG modes and the excitonic transition of ZnO leads to the formation of exciton-polaritons.

Typical angle-resolved photoluminescence (PL) image of such microrods is shown in Fig. 1(c). An angle dependent parabolic emission pattern is clearly visible. The excellent agreement of this emission pattern with the theoretical dispersion curve (black dashed curve, Fig. 1(c)) fitted using the coupled oscillator model confirms, that this emission pattern comes from the lower branch of polaritons in 1D ZnO cavity. For comparison, the red dash-dotted curve in Fig. 1(c) shows the bare WG cavity mode which corresponds to the observed polariton branch. However, when we pump the microrod using two laser beams with power exceeding lasing threshold (as shown in Fig. 1(a)), the parabolic dispersion turns into a set of regular emission spots, as shown in Fig. 1(d). Further examination shows that these spots are equally spaced in energy, telling us that polaritons are now occupying simple harmonic oscillator states. The formation of simple harmonic oscillator states stems from the half-light half-matter nature of exciton polaritons. Under nonresonant optical pumping, the laser beam injects a localized excitonic reservoir in addition to polaritons. Due to the relatively large effective masses of excitons and the polariton-exciton repulsive interaction, the excitonic reservoir behaves essentially as a barrier for polaritons [9,12,13]. In our two-beam configuration, the two excitonic reservoirs form a parabolic trap for polaritons and lead to the formation of simple harmonic oscillator states [13].

 

Fig. 1 (a) Schematic of the experimental setup. Pump 1 and Pump 2 represent two Gaussian laser beams from the same 355 nm pulsed laser. (b) Spatial distribution of uncondensed excitons injected by the two laser beams (Pump 1 & Pump 2). (c) Angle-resolved PL image from a ZnO microrod excited with a single laser beam. The parabolic emission pattern corresponds to the lower dispersion branch for polaritons in the one-dimensional ZnO microcavity. Black dashed curve: fitted polariton dispersion using the coupled oscillator model. Red dash-dotted curve: cavity mode dispersion corresponding to the observed polariton branch. N: order of the cavity mode. Parameters of the measured microrod: diameter d ≈2.8 μm, Rabi splitting ≈312 meV, exciton-photon detuning ≈-118 meV. (d) Angle-resolved PL image for polaritons three-dimensionally confined by the two laser beams. White dotted curves: theoretically calculated polariton wavefunctions and the original polariton dispersion.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

At a first glance, the image in Fig. 1(d) shows that the confined polariton states are all populated. However, this is not the case. Recent time-resolved study by Askitopoulos et al reveals that exciton polaritons confined in optical traps tend to condense at the highest available state [17]. Based on this excited-state condensate picture [17], the scenario for our observation in Fig. 1(d) is shown schematically in Fig. 2. After the initial injection of an optical trap by a laser pulse, polariton condensate occupies only the highest N = 4 confined state (N: number of antinodes), as depicted by the blue-filled curve in Fig. 2(a). However, as the barriers are decreasing due to the dissipation of excitons, the N = 3 quantum state becomes the highest available state at the next moment and becomes populated. Such transition continues until the lowest N = 1 state is populated. As we are taking time-integrated and ensemble-averaged measurements over many laser pulses, we could observe the occupation of all these confined states, as depicted in Fig. 1(d) and Fig. 2(d).

 

Fig. 2 Schematics for the excited-state polariton condensate and the mechanism for the observation of multi-mode condensate. The blue-filled curve denotes the confined state that is populated by polaritons. It is also the highest available confined state inside the trap. (a) – (c) represent the snapshots during the dynamic dissipation of the trap barriers. (d) Schematic for the time-integrated PL image measured in experiments.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Besides the equally spaced emission spots, there is another significant feature for the image shown in Fig. 1(d). If examined more carefully, one would find that the emission intensity of the confined states seems to decrease monotonically for lower energy states. This suggests that there should be some parameter for the system whose value decreases for lower energy states. Considering the excitation scheme we employed, we conjecture that this parameter should be the spatial overlap between polariton wavefunction and the excitonic reservoir. Indeed, as polaritons are fed by the barriers in an optical trap, the highest confined state, whose wavefunction has the largest overlap with the reservoir, will have the highest gain. The smaller overlap for lower energy states thus leads to weaker emissions.

3. Results and discussion

To verify our conjecture, one efficient way is to vary the polariton-reservoir overlap and monitor the evolution of the emission intensities. For this purpose, we first changed the trap width by varying the distance D between the two laser beams. The angle-resolved PL images for four representative trap widths are shown in Fig. 3. As one can see clearly, as the trap width decreased from D ≈6.2 μm in Fig. 3(a) to D ≈4.0 μm in Fig. 3(d), the highest available confined state transits from N = 6 to N = 3, consecutively. What’s more, the emission intensity decreases from high- to low-energy states for all these representative images. This phenomenon is in consistence with the data shown in Fig. 1(d), which again supports our conjecture that there should be some parameter whose value decreases for lower-lying confined states.

 

Fig. 3 Angle-resolved PL images when the distance between the two excitation laser beams varied. (a) Distance of laser beams D ≈6.2 μm; (b) D ≈5.5 μm; (c) D ≈4.7 μm; (d) D ≈4.0 μm. All measurements were taken at room temperature. Laser power P ≈1.3 Pth, with Pth being the threshold power of polariton lasing. White dotted curves in (a – d) show the calculated probability distribution of the corresponding confined polariton states.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

As pointed out in previous text, only the highest available confined state is populated at each transient moment. The appearance of multi-mode condensate originates from the time integration and ensemble averaging over many laser pulses. Therefore, we only paid our attention to the highest confined state which corresponds to the initial condition when the optical barrier is highest. The emission intensity for these highest confined states is shown by the red half-filled circles in Fig. 4(a), as a function of their corresponding quantum number N. As demonstrated, the emission intensity decreases for wider traps.

 

Fig. 4 Red half-filled circles: integrated PL intensities for polaritons from different confined states. Black half-filled circles: calculated condensate-reservoir overlap factor for different confined states. (a) Data for different trap width, corresponding to those shown in Fig. 3. (b) Data for different trap depth, obtained by changing the excitation power. PL intensities and the spatial overlap factors shown here have been normalized, respectively.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

For a quantitative analysis, we calculated the wavefunction of polaritons confined in optical traps using the standard simple harmonic oscillator model. The validity of using this harmonic oscillator model can be supported by the density distribution of excitons. As there are no dark excitonic states in ZnO microrod, the spatially resolved excitonic emission gives a direct estimation of the spatial distribution of excitons. Here, it should also be noted that the energy upper bound of polariton emission is very closed to the exciton emission. Based on the fact that diffusion length of polaritons is much larger than that of excitons, the energy range of polariton (and thus exciton) emission can be measured directly by moving the detection points to areas far away from the laser pumping spot. The spatial distribution of excitons measured in this way is shown in Fig. 1(b). Obviously, the excitonic distribution indeed has a parabolic profile in the trap region. For polaritons confined by such harmonic potential V(x) = m*ω2x2 / 2, their wavefunction can be written as

ψn(x)=Nn⋅exp(−m*ωx22ℏ)⋅Hn(xm*ωℏ)
where Nn is a normalization constant, Hn (ζ) is the standard Hermite polynomial and m* is the effective mass of polaritons. Using this wavefunction and the experimental parameters, the spatial probability distribution of optically confined polaritons can be calculated directly. Typical calculated results are shown by the white dashed curves in Fig. 1(d) (for all confined states) and Fig. 3 (for highest confined states), which show very good agreement with the experimental results.

To further study the role of polariton-reservoir overlap, we define an overlap factor Π to quantify the spatial overlap, as follow:

Π=∫−D2D2|<ψn(x)>|2⋅|<ψr(x)>|2dx
where |<ψr(x)>|2 represents the spatial density distribution of excitons. With the experimentally measured |<ψr(x)>|2 and theoretically calculated |<ψn(x)>|2, the overlap factor Π for the highest confined states in Figs. 3(a-d) can be calculated. The results are shown by the black half-filled circles in Fig. 4(a), as a function of their corresponding quantum number N. As one can see clearly, the polariton-reservoir overlap decreases monotonically as the trap width was increased. More importantly, the curve is almost in excellent agreement with that of the emission intensity, thus supporting our conjecture that the polariton-reservoir overlap is strongly correlated to the excited-state condensation behavior.

In addition to the trap width, the polariton-reservoir overlap can also be varied by changing the trap depth via the excitation power. By increasing the barrier height, the highest available confined state can be tuned from N = 1 to N = 6. Again, we calculated the overlap factor using Eq. (2) with the known parameters. The results are plotted by the black half-filled circles in Fig. 4(b), together with the emission intensity of the highest available confined states (red half-filled circles). As one can see unambiguously, the two curves for the overlap factor and the emission intensity are again in very good agreement with each other.

The quantitative agreement found here supports strongly that the polariton-reservoir overlap is critical for the excited-state condensation behavior. The physical picture for this correlation is quite straightforward. In optically generated traps, hot excitons (i.e., reservoir) are localized around the laser spot area. Final state stimulated scattering of these hot excitons into polariton condensate is the main way for polariton injection. In this case, the highest confined state, which has the largest spatial overlap with the excitonic reservoir, will have significantly higher gain than other states and become populated. The consistent behavior for the overlap factor and the emission intensities of uppermost confined states reported here is thus a strong support for this scenario.

4. Summary

In conclusion, we report experimental studies on the dynamics of excited state condensate for polaritons confined in an optically generated trap. By calculating the spatial overlap between polariton condensate and excitonic reservoir, we were able to verify the role of the polariton-reservoir overlap. Polariton injection from trap barriers and optical confinement are responsible for the excited-state condensation behavior. Excited-state condensate is a unique characteristic for polaritons confined in optical traps. Experimentally clarifying their mechanism and dynamics would thus facilitate the development of polariton-based physics and devices.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (11404120, 61875062); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, HUST (2018KFYXKJC011, 2019kfyXKJC005).

References

1. N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017). [CrossRef]   [PubMed]  

2. H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016). [CrossRef]  

3. B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013). [CrossRef]  

4. Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018). [CrossRef]  

5. J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006). [CrossRef]   [PubMed]  

6. H. Deng, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, “Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(2), 1489–1537 (2010). [CrossRef]  

7. C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007). [CrossRef]   [PubMed]  

8. Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017). [CrossRef]  

9. Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018). [CrossRef]   [PubMed]  

10. J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015). [CrossRef]  

11. M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012). [CrossRef]   [PubMed]  

12. E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010). [CrossRef]  

13. G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012). [CrossRef]  

14. G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012). [CrossRef]   [PubMed]  

15. P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013). [CrossRef]   [PubMed]  

16. H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016). [CrossRef]   [PubMed]  

17. A. Askitopoulos, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Robust platform for engineering pure-quantum-state transitions in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92(3), 035305 (2015). [CrossRef]  

18. Y. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, and W. Zhou, “Fabry-Perot Type Polariton Modes and Their Dynamics Revealed by Young’s Interference Experiment,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18214–18221 (2018). [CrossRef]   [PubMed]  

19. Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018). [CrossRef]  

20. Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013). [CrossRef]  

References

  • View by:
  • Article Order
  • |
  • Year
  • |
  • Author
  • |
  • Publication
  1. N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  3. B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  4. Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
    [Crossref]
  5. J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. H. Deng, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, “Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(2), 1489–1537 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  7. C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
    [Crossref]
  9. Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
    [Crossref]
  11. M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  13. G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  14. G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  17. A. Askitopoulos, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Robust platform for engineering pure-quantum-state transitions in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92(3), 035305 (2015).
    [Crossref]
  18. Y. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, and W. Zhou, “Fabry-Perot Type Polariton Modes and Their Dynamics Revealed by Young’s Interference Experiment,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18214–18221 (2018).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018).
    [Crossref]
  20. Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
    [Crossref]

2018 (4)

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, and W. Zhou, “Fabry-Perot Type Polariton Modes and Their Dynamics Revealed by Young’s Interference Experiment,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18214–18221 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018).
[Crossref]

2017 (2)

N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (2)

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (2)

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Askitopoulos, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Robust platform for engineering pure-quantum-state transitions in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92(3), 035305 (2015).
[Crossref]

2013 (3)

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (3)

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
[Crossref]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (2)

H. Deng, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, “Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(2), 1489–1537 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (1)

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Abbarchi, M.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Amo, A.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

André, R.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Askitopoulos, A.

N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Askitopoulos, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Robust platform for engineering pure-quantum-state transitions in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92(3), 035305 (2015).
[Crossref]

Baas, A.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Balili, R.

B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013).
[Crossref]

Baumberg, J. J.

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
[Crossref]

Berloff, N. G.

N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016).
[Crossref]

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
[Crossref]

Bloch, J.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Byrnes, T.

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, Y.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Chen, Z. H.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Christmann, G.

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
[Crossref]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cilibrizzi, P.

N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cristofolini, P.

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dang, S.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, Y.

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Deng, H.

H. Deng, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, “Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(2), 1489–1537 (2010).
[Crossref]

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Deveaud, B.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dong, H.

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, and W. Zhou, “Fabry-Perot Type Polariton Modes and Their Dynamics Revealed by Young’s Interference Experiment,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18214–18221 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dong, H. X.

Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018).
[Crossref]

Dreismann, A.

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Duan, Q. Q.

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Ferrier, L.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Franchetti, G.

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fraser, M. D.

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Freegarde, T.

H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016).
[Crossref]

Fujisawa, T.

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Galbiati, M.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Galopin, E.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gao, T.

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
[Crossref]

Ge, L.

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Gregory, R. L.

H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016).
[Crossref]

Grousson, R.

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Gu, J.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Hatzopoulos, Z.

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Askitopoulos, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Robust platform for engineering pure-quantum-state transitions in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92(3), 035305 (2015).
[Crossref]

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
[Crossref]

Haug, H.

H. Deng, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, “Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(2), 1489–1537 (2010).
[Crossref]

Hu, T.

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Jeambrun, P.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Johne, R.

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Kalinin, K.

N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kasprzak, J.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kavokin, A. V.

H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016).
[Crossref]

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Keeling, J. M. J.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Khan, S.

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Kim, N. Y.

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kumada, N.

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kundermann, S.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lagoudakis, P. G.

N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Askitopoulos, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Robust platform for engineering pure-quantum-state transitions in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92(3), 035305 (2015).
[Crossref]

Lai, C. W.

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Langbein, W.

N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lemaître, A.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Liew, T. C. H.

A. Askitopoulos, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Robust platform for engineering pure-quantum-state transitions in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92(3), 035305 (2015).
[Crossref]

Littlewood, P. B.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, G.

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

Liu, G. Q.

B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013).
[Crossref]

Liu, W. H.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Loren, N.

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

Lu, J.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Malpuech, G.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Marchetti, F. M.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nelsen, B.

B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013).
[Crossref]

Nelson, K. A.

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

Ohadi, H.

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Askitopoulos, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Robust platform for engineering pure-quantum-state transitions in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92(3), 035305 (2015).
[Crossref]

Pfeiffer, L.

B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013).
[Crossref]

Pfeiffer, L. N.

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

Pinsker, F.

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Recher, P.

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Richard, M.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Roumpos, G.

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rubo, Y. G.

H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016).
[Crossref]

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sagnes, I.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Sanvitto, D.

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Savona, V.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Savvidis, P. G.

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Askitopoulos, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Robust platform for engineering pure-quantum-state transitions in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92(3), 035305 (2015).
[Crossref]

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
[Crossref]

Senellart, P.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Shen, X. C.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Silva, M.

N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Snoke, D. W.

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

Solnyshkov, D.

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

Solnyshkov, D. D.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Staehli, J. L.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Steger, M.

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013).
[Crossref]

Stoke, D. W.

B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013).
[Crossref]

Sun, Y.

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

Sun, Y. B.

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Szymanska, M. H.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tanese, D.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tang, B.

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, and W. Zhou, “Fabry-Perot Type Polariton Modes and Their Dynamics Revealed by Young’s Interference Experiment,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18214–18221 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018).
[Crossref]

Tian, C.

Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, and W. Zhou, “Fabry-Perot Type Polariton Modes and Their Dynamics Revealed by Young’s Interference Experiment,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18214–18221 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Töpfer, J. D.

N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tosi, G.

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
[Crossref]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tsintzos, S. I.

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tsotsis, P.

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
[Crossref]

Türeci, H. E.

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Utsunomiya, S.

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, J.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Wang, Y. L.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Wertz, E.

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

West, K.

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013).
[Crossref]

Xie, W.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Xu, C.

Y. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, and W. Zhou, “Fabry-Perot Type Polariton Modes and Their Dynamics Revealed by Young’s Interference Experiment,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18214–18221 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, C. Y.

Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018).
[Crossref]

Xu, D.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Yamamoto, Y.

H. Deng, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, “Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(2), 1489–1537 (2010).
[Crossref]

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yoon, Y.

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

Zhang, L.

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Zhang, X.

Y. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, and W. Zhou, “Fabry-Perot Type Polariton Modes and Their Dynamics Revealed by Young’s Interference Experiment,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18214–18221 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, X. H.

Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018).
[Crossref]

Zhang, Y.

Y. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, and W. Zhou, “Fabry-Perot Type Polariton Modes and Their Dynamics Revealed by Young’s Interference Experiment,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18214–18221 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, Y. J.

Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018).
[Crossref]

Zhou, W.

Y. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, and W. Zhou, “Fabry-Perot Type Polariton Modes and Their Dynamics Revealed by Young’s Interference Experiment,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18214–18221 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhou, W. H.

Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Express (1)

Y. J. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Y. Xu, H. X. Dong, and W. H. Zhou, “Resolving lifetimes of degenerate polariton states in an optical superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Express 11(8), 082003 (2018).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

Q. Q. Duan, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, T. Hu, W. Xie, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Polariton lasing of quasi-whispering gallery modes in a ZnO microwire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(2), 022103 (2013).
[Crossref]

Nanoscale (1)

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, B. Tang, C. Tian, C. Xu, H. Dong, and W. Zhou, “Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton-polaritons,” Nanoscale 10(29), 14082–14089 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Commun. (1)

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Mater. (1)

N. G. Berloff, M. Silva, K. Kalinin, A. Askitopoulos, J. D. Töpfer, P. Cilibrizzi, W. Langbein, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators,” Nat. Mater. 16(11), 1120–1126 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Phys. (3)

E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates,” Nat. Phys. 6(11), 860–864 (2010).
[Crossref]

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid,” Nat. Phys. 8(3), 190–194 (2012).
[Crossref]

Y. Sun, Y. Yoon, M. Steger, G. Liu, N. Loren, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength,” Nat. Phys. 13(9), 870–875 (2017).
[Crossref]

Nature (2)

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and S. Dang, “Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons,” Nature 443(7110), 409–414 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, S. Utsunomiya, G. Roumpos, H. Deng, M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Recher, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, “Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array,” Nature 450(7169), 529–532 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (1)

Phys. Rev. B (1)

Y. B. Sun, Y. Yoon, S. Khan, L. Ge, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, H. E. Türeci, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, “Stable switching among high-order modes in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B 97(4), 045303 (2018).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. (2)

J. Wang, W. Xie, L. Zhang, D. Xu, W. H. Liu, J. Lu, Y. L. Wang, J. Gu, Y. Chen, X. C. Shen, and Z. H. Chen, “Exciton-polariton condensate induced by evaporative cooling in a three-dimensionally confined microcavity,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(16), 165423 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Askitopoulos, T. C. H. Liew, H. Ohadi, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Robust platform for engineering pure-quantum-state transitions in polariton condensates,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92(3), 035305 (2015).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (3)

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(18), 186403 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ohadi, Y. Del Valle-Inclan Redondo, A. Dreismann, Y. G. Rubo, F. Pinsker, S. I. Tsintzos, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, “Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(10), 106403 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Galbiati, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, D. Tanese, E. Wertz, A. Amo, M. Abbarchi, P. Senellart, I. Sagnes, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, G. Malpuech, and J. Bloch, “Polariton Condensation in Photonic Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(12), 126403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. X (2)

H. Ohadi, R. L. Gregory, T. Freegarde, Y. G. Rubo, A. V. Kavokin, N. G. Berloff, and P. G. Lagoudakis, “Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets,” Phys. Rev. X 6(3), 031032 (2016).
[Crossref]

B. Nelsen, G. Q. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Stoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, “Dissipationless Flow and Sharp Threshold of a Polariton Condensate with Long Lifetime,” Phys. Rev. X 3(4), 041015 (2013).
[Crossref]

Rev. Mod. Phys. (1)

H. Deng, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, “Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(2), 1489–1537 (2010).
[Crossref]

Cited By

OSA participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from OSA journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (4)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) Schematic of the experimental setup. Pump 1 and Pump 2 represent two Gaussian laser beams from the same 355 nm pulsed laser. (b) Spatial distribution of uncondensed excitons injected by the two laser beams (Pump 1 & Pump 2). (c) Angle-resolved PL image from a ZnO microrod excited with a single laser beam. The parabolic emission pattern corresponds to the lower dispersion branch for polaritons in the one-dimensional ZnO microcavity. Black dashed curve: fitted polariton dispersion using the coupled oscillator model. Red dash-dotted curve: cavity mode dispersion corresponding to the observed polariton branch. N: order of the cavity mode. Parameters of the measured microrod: diameter d ≈2.8 μm, Rabi splitting ≈312 meV, exciton-photon detuning ≈-118 meV. (d) Angle-resolved PL image for polaritons three-dimensionally confined by the two laser beams. White dotted curves: theoretically calculated polariton wavefunctions and the original polariton dispersion.

View in Article | Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Schematics for the excited-state polariton condensate and the mechanism for the observation of multi-mode condensate. The blue-filled curve denotes the confined state that is populated by polaritons. It is also the highest available confined state inside the trap. (a) – (c) represent the snapshots during the dynamic dissipation of the trap barriers. (d) Schematic for the time-integrated PL image measured in experiments.

View in Article | Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Angle-resolved PL images when the distance between the two excitation laser beams varied. (a) Distance of laser beams D ≈6.2 μm; (b) D ≈5.5 μm; (c) D ≈4.7 μm; (d) D ≈4.0 μm. All measurements were taken at room temperature. Laser power P ≈1.3 Pth, with Pth being the threshold power of polariton lasing. White dotted curves in (a – d) show the calculated probability distribution of the corresponding confined polariton states.

View in Article | Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Red half-filled circles: integrated PL intensities for polaritons from different confined states. Black half-filled circles: calculated condensate-reservoir overlap factor for different confined states. (a) Data for different trap width, corresponding to those shown in Fig. 3. (b) Data for different trap depth, obtained by changing the excitation power. PL intensities and the spatial overlap factors shown here have been normalized, respectively.

View in Article | Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Equations (2)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

ψ n (x)= N n ⋅exp(− m * ω x 2 2ℏ )⋅ H n (x m * ω ℏ )
Π= ∫ − D 2 D 2 |< ψ n (x)> | 2 ⋅|< ψ r (x)> | 2 dx

Metrics