Abstract

We have locked a whispering-gallery resonance of a fused-silica microsphere to a frequency-scanning laser. The resonance frequency is modulated by axial compression of the microsphere, and phase-sensitive detection of the fiber-coupled optical throughput is used for locking. Using a laser wavelength of either 1570 nm or 830 nm, we demonstrate a locked tracking range exceeding 30 GHz for a microsphere of 120 GHz free spectral range. This performance has been enabled by an improved compression tuner design that allows coarse tuning over 1 THz and piezoelectric tuning over 80 GHz. Compression modulation rates of up to 13 kHz have also been achieved with this tuner.

©2001 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. V. B. Braginsky, M. L. Gorodetsky, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Quality factor and nonlinear properties of optical whispering-gallery modes,” Phys. Lett. A 137, 393–397 (1989).
    [Crossref]
  2. D. W. Vernooy, V. S. Ilchenko, H. Mabuchi, E. W. Streed, and H. J. Kimble, “High-Q measurements of fused-silica microspheres in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 23, 247–249 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  3. D. W. Vernooy, A. Furusawa, N. Ph. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko, and H. J. Kimble, “Cavity QED with high-Q whispering gallery modes,” Phys. Rev. A 57, R2293–R2296 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  4. V. V. Vassiliev, V. L. Velichansky, V. S. Ilchenko, M. L. Gorodetsky, L. Hollberg, and A. V. Yarovitsky, “Narrow-line-width diode laser with a high-Q microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 158, 305–312 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  5. W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  6. M. Cai, O. Painter, K. J. Vahala, and P. C. Sercel, “Fiber-coupled microsphere laser,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1430–1432 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  7. D. Braunstein, A. M. Khazanov, G. A. Koganov, and R. Shuker, “Lowering of threshold conditions for nonlinear effects in a microsphere,” Phys. Rev. A 53, 3565–3572 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. A. T. Rosenberger, “Nonlinear Optical Effects in the Whispering-Gallery Modes of Microspheres,” in Operational Characteristics and Crystal Growth of Nonlinear Optical Materials, R. B. Lal and D. O. Frazier, eds., Proc. SPIE3793, 179–186 (1999).
  9. A. T. Rosenberger and J. P. Rezac, “Evanescent-wave sensor using microsphere whispering-gallery modes,” in Laser Resonators III, A. V. Kudryashov and A. H. Paxton, eds., Proc. SPIE3930, 186–192 (2000).
  10. I. H. Malitson, “Interspecimen Comparison of the Refractive Index of Fused Silica,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1205–1209 (1965).
    [Crossref]
  11. V. S. Ilchenko, P. S. Volikov, V. L. Velichansky, F. Treussart, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Strain-tunable high-Q optical microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 145, 86–90 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  12. W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Frequency tuning of the whispering-gallery modes of silica microspheres for cavity quantum electrodynamics and spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 166–168 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  13. W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Tunable whispering gallery modes for spectroscopy and CQED experiments,” http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0011102.
  14. J. C. Knight, G. Cheung, F. Jacques, and T. A. Birks, “Phase-matched excitation of whispering-gallery mode resonances by a fiber taper,” Opt. Lett. 22, 1129–1131 (1997).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74–77 (2000).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (1)

2000 (3)

M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74–77 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
[Crossref]

M. Cai, O. Painter, K. J. Vahala, and P. C. Sercel, “Fiber-coupled microsphere laser,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1430–1432 (2000).
[Crossref]

1998 (4)

D. W. Vernooy, V. S. Ilchenko, H. Mabuchi, E. W. Streed, and H. J. Kimble, “High-Q measurements of fused-silica microspheres in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 23, 247–249 (1998).
[Crossref]

D. W. Vernooy, A. Furusawa, N. Ph. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko, and H. J. Kimble, “Cavity QED with high-Q whispering gallery modes,” Phys. Rev. A 57, R2293–R2296 (1998).
[Crossref]

V. V. Vassiliev, V. L. Velichansky, V. S. Ilchenko, M. L. Gorodetsky, L. Hollberg, and A. V. Yarovitsky, “Narrow-line-width diode laser with a high-Q microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 158, 305–312 (1998).
[Crossref]

V. S. Ilchenko, P. S. Volikov, V. L. Velichansky, F. Treussart, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Strain-tunable high-Q optical microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 145, 86–90 (1998).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

1996 (1)

D. Braunstein, A. M. Khazanov, G. A. Koganov, and R. Shuker, “Lowering of threshold conditions for nonlinear effects in a microsphere,” Phys. Rev. A 53, 3565–3572 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1989 (1)

V. B. Braginsky, M. L. Gorodetsky, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Quality factor and nonlinear properties of optical whispering-gallery modes,” Phys. Lett. A 137, 393–397 (1989).
[Crossref]

1965 (1)

Birks, T. A.

Braginsky, V. B.

V. B. Braginsky, M. L. Gorodetsky, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Quality factor and nonlinear properties of optical whispering-gallery modes,” Phys. Lett. A 137, 393–397 (1989).
[Crossref]

Braunstein, D.

D. Braunstein, A. M. Khazanov, G. A. Koganov, and R. Shuker, “Lowering of threshold conditions for nonlinear effects in a microsphere,” Phys. Rev. A 53, 3565–3572 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cai, M.

M. Cai, O. Painter, K. J. Vahala, and P. C. Sercel, “Fiber-coupled microsphere laser,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1430–1432 (2000).
[Crossref]

M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74–77 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cheung, G.

Furusawa, A.

D. W. Vernooy, A. Furusawa, N. Ph. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko, and H. J. Kimble, “Cavity QED with high-Q whispering gallery modes,” Phys. Rev. A 57, R2293–R2296 (1998).
[Crossref]

Georgiades, N. Ph.

D. W. Vernooy, A. Furusawa, N. Ph. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko, and H. J. Kimble, “Cavity QED with high-Q whispering gallery modes,” Phys. Rev. A 57, R2293–R2296 (1998).
[Crossref]

Gorodetsky, M. L.

V. V. Vassiliev, V. L. Velichansky, V. S. Ilchenko, M. L. Gorodetsky, L. Hollberg, and A. V. Yarovitsky, “Narrow-line-width diode laser with a high-Q microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 158, 305–312 (1998).
[Crossref]

V. B. Braginsky, M. L. Gorodetsky, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Quality factor and nonlinear properties of optical whispering-gallery modes,” Phys. Lett. A 137, 393–397 (1989).
[Crossref]

Hare, J.

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Frequency tuning of the whispering-gallery modes of silica microspheres for cavity quantum electrodynamics and spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 166–168 (2001).
[Crossref]

W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
[Crossref]

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Tunable whispering gallery modes for spectroscopy and CQED experiments,” http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0011102.

Haroche, S.

W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
[Crossref]

V. S. Ilchenko, P. S. Volikov, V. L. Velichansky, F. Treussart, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Strain-tunable high-Q optical microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 145, 86–90 (1998).
[Crossref]

Hollberg, L.

V. V. Vassiliev, V. L. Velichansky, V. S. Ilchenko, M. L. Gorodetsky, L. Hollberg, and A. V. Yarovitsky, “Narrow-line-width diode laser with a high-Q microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 158, 305–312 (1998).
[Crossref]

Ilchenko, V. S.

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Frequency tuning of the whispering-gallery modes of silica microspheres for cavity quantum electrodynamics and spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 166–168 (2001).
[Crossref]

V. S. Ilchenko, P. S. Volikov, V. L. Velichansky, F. Treussart, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Strain-tunable high-Q optical microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 145, 86–90 (1998).
[Crossref]

V. V. Vassiliev, V. L. Velichansky, V. S. Ilchenko, M. L. Gorodetsky, L. Hollberg, and A. V. Yarovitsky, “Narrow-line-width diode laser with a high-Q microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 158, 305–312 (1998).
[Crossref]

D. W. Vernooy, A. Furusawa, N. Ph. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko, and H. J. Kimble, “Cavity QED with high-Q whispering gallery modes,” Phys. Rev. A 57, R2293–R2296 (1998).
[Crossref]

D. W. Vernooy, V. S. Ilchenko, H. Mabuchi, E. W. Streed, and H. J. Kimble, “High-Q measurements of fused-silica microspheres in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 23, 247–249 (1998).
[Crossref]

V. B. Braginsky, M. L. Gorodetsky, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Quality factor and nonlinear properties of optical whispering-gallery modes,” Phys. Lett. A 137, 393–397 (1989).
[Crossref]

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Tunable whispering gallery modes for spectroscopy and CQED experiments,” http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0011102.

Jacques, F.

Jahier, E.

W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
[Crossref]

Khazanov, A. M.

D. Braunstein, A. M. Khazanov, G. A. Koganov, and R. Shuker, “Lowering of threshold conditions for nonlinear effects in a microsphere,” Phys. Rev. A 53, 3565–3572 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kimble, H. J.

D. W. Vernooy, V. S. Ilchenko, H. Mabuchi, E. W. Streed, and H. J. Kimble, “High-Q measurements of fused-silica microspheres in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 23, 247–249 (1998).
[Crossref]

D. W. Vernooy, A. Furusawa, N. Ph. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko, and H. J. Kimble, “Cavity QED with high-Q whispering gallery modes,” Phys. Rev. A 57, R2293–R2296 (1998).
[Crossref]

Knight, J. C.

Koganov, G. A.

D. Braunstein, A. M. Khazanov, G. A. Koganov, and R. Shuker, “Lowering of threshold conditions for nonlinear effects in a microsphere,” Phys. Rev. A 53, 3565–3572 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lefèvre-Seguin, V.

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Frequency tuning of the whispering-gallery modes of silica microspheres for cavity quantum electrodynamics and spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 166–168 (2001).
[Crossref]

W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
[Crossref]

V. S. Ilchenko, P. S. Volikov, V. L. Velichansky, F. Treussart, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Strain-tunable high-Q optical microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 145, 86–90 (1998).
[Crossref]

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Tunable whispering gallery modes for spectroscopy and CQED experiments,” http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0011102.

Lissillour, F.

W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
[Crossref]

Long, R.

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Frequency tuning of the whispering-gallery modes of silica microspheres for cavity quantum electrodynamics and spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 166–168 (2001).
[Crossref]

W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
[Crossref]

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Tunable whispering gallery modes for spectroscopy and CQED experiments,” http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0011102.

Mabuchi, H.

Malitson, I. H.

Painter, O.

M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74–77 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Cai, O. Painter, K. J. Vahala, and P. C. Sercel, “Fiber-coupled microsphere laser,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1430–1432 (2000).
[Crossref]

Raimond, J.-M.

W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
[Crossref]

V. S. Ilchenko, P. S. Volikov, V. L. Velichansky, F. Treussart, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Strain-tunable high-Q optical microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 145, 86–90 (1998).
[Crossref]

Rezac, J. P.

A. T. Rosenberger and J. P. Rezac, “Evanescent-wave sensor using microsphere whispering-gallery modes,” in Laser Resonators III, A. V. Kudryashov and A. H. Paxton, eds., Proc. SPIE3930, 186–192 (2000).

Rosenberger, A. T.

A. T. Rosenberger, “Nonlinear Optical Effects in the Whispering-Gallery Modes of Microspheres,” in Operational Characteristics and Crystal Growth of Nonlinear Optical Materials, R. B. Lal and D. O. Frazier, eds., Proc. SPIE3793, 179–186 (1999).

A. T. Rosenberger and J. P. Rezac, “Evanescent-wave sensor using microsphere whispering-gallery modes,” in Laser Resonators III, A. V. Kudryashov and A. H. Paxton, eds., Proc. SPIE3930, 186–192 (2000).

Sercel, P. C.

Shuker, R.

D. Braunstein, A. M. Khazanov, G. A. Koganov, and R. Shuker, “Lowering of threshold conditions for nonlinear effects in a microsphere,” Phys. Rev. A 53, 3565–3572 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Streed, E. W.

Treussart, F.

V. S. Ilchenko, P. S. Volikov, V. L. Velichansky, F. Treussart, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Strain-tunable high-Q optical microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 145, 86–90 (1998).
[Crossref]

Vahala, K. J.

M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74–77 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Cai, O. Painter, K. J. Vahala, and P. C. Sercel, “Fiber-coupled microsphere laser,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1430–1432 (2000).
[Crossref]

Vassiliev, V. V.

V. V. Vassiliev, V. L. Velichansky, V. S. Ilchenko, M. L. Gorodetsky, L. Hollberg, and A. V. Yarovitsky, “Narrow-line-width diode laser with a high-Q microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 158, 305–312 (1998).
[Crossref]

Velichansky, V. L.

V. V. Vassiliev, V. L. Velichansky, V. S. Ilchenko, M. L. Gorodetsky, L. Hollberg, and A. V. Yarovitsky, “Narrow-line-width diode laser with a high-Q microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 158, 305–312 (1998).
[Crossref]

V. S. Ilchenko, P. S. Volikov, V. L. Velichansky, F. Treussart, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Strain-tunable high-Q optical microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 145, 86–90 (1998).
[Crossref]

Vernooy, D. W.

D. W. Vernooy, A. Furusawa, N. Ph. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko, and H. J. Kimble, “Cavity QED with high-Q whispering gallery modes,” Phys. Rev. A 57, R2293–R2296 (1998).
[Crossref]

D. W. Vernooy, V. S. Ilchenko, H. Mabuchi, E. W. Streed, and H. J. Kimble, “High-Q measurements of fused-silica microspheres in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 23, 247–249 (1998).
[Crossref]

Volikov, P. S.

V. S. Ilchenko, P. S. Volikov, V. L. Velichansky, F. Treussart, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Strain-tunable high-Q optical microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 145, 86–90 (1998).
[Crossref]

von Klitzing, W.

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Frequency tuning of the whispering-gallery modes of silica microspheres for cavity quantum electrodynamics and spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 166–168 (2001).
[Crossref]

W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
[Crossref]

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Tunable whispering gallery modes for spectroscopy and CQED experiments,” http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0011102.

Yarovitsky, A. V.

V. V. Vassiliev, V. L. Velichansky, V. S. Ilchenko, M. L. Gorodetsky, L. Hollberg, and A. V. Yarovitsky, “Narrow-line-width diode laser with a high-Q microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 158, 305–312 (1998).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. (1)

W. von Klitzing, E. Jahier, R. Long, F. Lissillour, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J. Hare, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very low threshold green lasing in microspheres by up-conversion of IR photons,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 2, 204–206 (2000).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1)

Opt. Commun. (2)

V. S. Ilchenko, P. S. Volikov, V. L. Velichansky, F. Treussart, V. Lefèvre-Seguin, J.-M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Strain-tunable high-Q optical microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 145, 86–90 (1998).
[Crossref]

V. V. Vassiliev, V. L. Velichansky, V. S. Ilchenko, M. L. Gorodetsky, L. Hollberg, and A. V. Yarovitsky, “Narrow-line-width diode laser with a high-Q microsphere resonator,” Opt. Commun. 158, 305–312 (1998).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (4)

Phys. Lett. A (1)

V. B. Braginsky, M. L. Gorodetsky, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Quality factor and nonlinear properties of optical whispering-gallery modes,” Phys. Lett. A 137, 393–397 (1989).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. A (2)

D. W. Vernooy, A. Furusawa, N. Ph. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko, and H. J. Kimble, “Cavity QED with high-Q whispering gallery modes,” Phys. Rev. A 57, R2293–R2296 (1998).
[Crossref]

D. Braunstein, A. M. Khazanov, G. A. Koganov, and R. Shuker, “Lowering of threshold conditions for nonlinear effects in a microsphere,” Phys. Rev. A 53, 3565–3572 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. J. Vahala, “Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74–77 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (3)

W. von Klitzing, R. Long, V. S. Ilchenko, J. Hare, and V. Lefèvre-Seguin, “Tunable whispering gallery modes for spectroscopy and CQED experiments,” http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0011102.

A. T. Rosenberger, “Nonlinear Optical Effects in the Whispering-Gallery Modes of Microspheres,” in Operational Characteristics and Crystal Growth of Nonlinear Optical Materials, R. B. Lal and D. O. Frazier, eds., Proc. SPIE3793, 179–186 (1999).

A. T. Rosenberger and J. P. Rezac, “Evanescent-wave sensor using microsphere whispering-gallery modes,” in Laser Resonators III, A. V. Kudryashov and A. H. Paxton, eds., Proc. SPIE3930, 186–192 (2000).

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Compression tuner. (a) Main body is 44×38×6-mm aluminum. (b) Stainless steel brace minimizes flexing of main body. (c) Piezoelectric actuator. (d) Manual tuning screw. (e) Hardened steel compression pad. (f) Stainless steel hypodermic tubing, inserted into hole in lower steel pad.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Unlocked and locked frequency scans at 1570 nm. (a)–(d) Unlocked: WGM mode spectrum observed as the laser is scanned over a 19 GHz range; an increasing frequency shift is seen for PZT bias voltages of 68 V, 88 V, 118 V, and 130 V, respectively. The baseline for trace (a) is at the frequency axis, and successive traces have been displaced vertically. (e) Locked: frequency scan where the WGM with the deepest dip in (a)–(d) is locked to the laser. The baseline is the same as for trace (d). No mode hops are observed.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Another locked frequency scan at 1570 nm. The laser scans 8 GHz and returns. The vertical scale is the same as in Fig. 2. The baseline is at the frequency axis and again the locked transmission is about 80% of its off-resonance value. No mode hops are observed.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Locked tuner PZT bias as it follows a 19-GHz frequency scan (and return) of the 1570-nm laser. Heavier (black) curve: PZT bias; no mode hops are observed. Lighter (red) curve: bias predicted from observed laser tuning hysteresis, assuming linear tuner PZT response.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Tuning ranges for a 550-µm diameter microsphere at two wavelengths

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Equations (2)

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ν qℓm i = δ [ ℓ + 1 2 + A q ( ℓ + 1 2 2 ) 1 3 − Δ i + ( ℓ − ∣ m ∣ ) a e − a a a ] .
Δν ν = Δ a a a μ [ 1 + b i − ( 1 + μ μ ) ℓ − ∣ m ∣ ℓ ] .

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