Abstract

A wavelet-based watermark casting scheme and a blind watermark retrieval technique are investigated in this research. An adaptive watermark casting method is developed to first determine significant wavelet subbands and then select a couple of significant wavelet coefficients in these subbands to embed watermarks. A blind watermark retrieval technique that can detect the embedded watermark without the help from the original image is proposed. Experimental results show that the embedded watermark is robust against various signal processing and compression attacks.

©1998 Optical Society of America

Full Article  |  PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Quantization index modulation-based image watermarking using digital holography

O. Erman Okman and Gozde Bozdagi Akar
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(1) 243-252 (2007)

Wavelet transform based watermark for digital images

Xiang-Gen Xia, Charles G. Boncelet, and Gonzalo R. Arce
Opt. Express 3(12) 497-511 (1998)

Wave-atoms-based multipurpose scheme via perceptual image hashing and watermarking

Fang Liu, Qi-Kai Fu, and Lee-Ming Cheng
Appl. Opt. 51(27) 6561-6570 (2012)

More Recommended Articles

References

  • View by:
  • Article Order
  • |
  • Year
  • |
  • Author
  • |
  • Publication
  1. Houng-Jyh Wang and C.-C. Jay Kuo, “High fidelity image compression with multithreshold wavelet coding (MTWC),” SPIE’s Annual Meeting - Application of Digital Image Processing XX, San Diego, CA July 27 - August 1 (1997)
  2. A. Said and W. A. Pearlman, “A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, pp. 243–250, June (1996)
  3. Xiang Gen Xia, Charles G. Boncelet, and Gonzalo. R. Arce, “A multisolution watermark for digital images,” International Conference on Image Processing, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Santa Barbara, CA, July (1997)

1996 (1)

A. Said and W. A. Pearlman, “A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, pp. 243–250, June (1996)

Arce, Gonzalo. R.

Xiang Gen Xia, Charles G. Boncelet, and Gonzalo. R. Arce, “A multisolution watermark for digital images,” International Conference on Image Processing, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Santa Barbara, CA, July (1997)

Boncelet, Charles G.

Xiang Gen Xia, Charles G. Boncelet, and Gonzalo. R. Arce, “A multisolution watermark for digital images,” International Conference on Image Processing, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Santa Barbara, CA, July (1997)

Jay Kuo, C.-C.

Houng-Jyh Wang and C.-C. Jay Kuo, “High fidelity image compression with multithreshold wavelet coding (MTWC),” SPIE’s Annual Meeting - Application of Digital Image Processing XX, San Diego, CA July 27 - August 1 (1997)

Pearlman, W. A.

A. Said and W. A. Pearlman, “A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, pp. 243–250, June (1996)

Said, A.

A. Said and W. A. Pearlman, “A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, pp. 243–250, June (1996)

Wang, Houng-Jyh

Houng-Jyh Wang and C.-C. Jay Kuo, “High fidelity image compression with multithreshold wavelet coding (MTWC),” SPIE’s Annual Meeting - Application of Digital Image Processing XX, San Diego, CA July 27 - August 1 (1997)

Xia, Xiang Gen

Xiang Gen Xia, Charles G. Boncelet, and Gonzalo. R. Arce, “A multisolution watermark for digital images,” International Conference on Image Processing, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Santa Barbara, CA, July (1997)

IEEE Trans. (1)

A. Said and W. A. Pearlman, “A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, pp. 243–250, June (1996)

Other (2)

Xiang Gen Xia, Charles G. Boncelet, and Gonzalo. R. Arce, “A multisolution watermark for digital images,” International Conference on Image Processing, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Santa Barbara, CA, July (1997)

Houng-Jyh Wang and C.-C. Jay Kuo, “High fidelity image compression with multithreshold wavelet coding (MTWC),” SPIE’s Annual Meeting - Application of Digital Image Processing XX, San Diego, CA July 27 - August 1 (1997)

Cited By

OSA participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from OSA journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (3)

Figure 1.
Figure 1. The blockdiagram of invisible watermark embedding and detection (a)embedding (b)detection.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Figure 2.
Figure 2. Watermark retrieval from the watermarked 512 × 512 gray-level Lena image after (a) the 6 × 6 block mosaic attack, (b)the 50% uniform random noise attack, (c) the JPEG compression attack with 5% quality factor setting, and (d) the 512:1 compression attack with SPIHT.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Figure 3.
Figure 3. Blind watermark retrieval for the gray-level Lena image of size 512×512 after (a) no attack, (b) soften filter attack, (c) JPEG compression attack and (d) 64:1 compression ratio attack by SPIHT.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Equations (18)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

D = { T 2 12 σ 2 > T 2 12 , σ 2 , σ 2 > T 2 12 .
C s ( x , y ) = sign × ( a 0 T 2 0 + a 1 T 2 1 + … + a b T 2 b + … ) ,
T = C max , s 2 ,
C s , k ′ ( x , y ) = C s ( x , y ) + α s β s T s W k ,
E s , k ( x , y ) = α s β s T s W k ,
MSE ≤ Σ s = 1 N s Σ j = 1 N bit H s j ( α s β s T s ) 2 Height × Width ,
MSE ≤ N w Height × Width ( α max ) 2 ( T max ) 2 ( β max ) 2 ≤ 20.56 ,
α max ≤ 1 T max 20.56 × Height × Width N w .
E s , k * ( x , y ) = C s , k * ( x , y ) − C s ( x , y ) .
SIM ( I * , I ) = N w Σ k = 1 N w E s , k * ( x , y ) · E s , k ( x , y ) ∥ E s , k * ( x , y ) ∥ ∥ E s , k ( x , y ) ∥ ,
C s , b , k ′ ( x . y ) = sign × Δ p ( C s , b ( x , y ) ) × α s β s T s , b W k .
Δ p ( C s , b ( x , y ) ) = ( 1 + 2 p α s ) T s , b ,
DI S s , b , p ( x , y ) = ∣ Δ p ( C s , b ( x , y ) ) − ∣ C s , b ( x , y ) ∣ ∣ .
p = arg min p ′ DIS s , b , p ′ ( x , y ) .
DIS s , b , p ( x , y ) ≤ 2 α s T s , b .
E s , k * ( x , y ) = C s , b , k * ( x , y ) − sign × Δ p C s , b , k * ( x , y ) ,
MSE ≤ N w Height × Wight ( 2 α ) 2 ( T max ) 2 ( β ) 2 ≤ 20.56 .
α max ≤ 1 4 T max 20.56 × Height × Width N w .

Metrics