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Analysis and removal of crosstalk in a time-multiplexed light-field display

Boyang Liu, Xinzhu Sang, Xunbo Yu, Xiaoqian Ye, Xin Gao, Li Liu, Chao Gao, Peiren Wang, Xinhui Xie, and Binbin Yan

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Abstract

Time-multiplexed light-field displays (TMLFDs) can provide natural and realistic three-dimensional (3D) performance with a wide 120° viewing angle, which provides broad potential applications in 3D electronic sand table (EST) technology. However, current TMLFDs suffer from severe crosstalk, which can lead to image aliasing and the distortion of the depth information. In this paper, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of crosstalk in TMLFD systems are identified and analyzed. The results indicate that the specific structure of the slanted lenticular lens array (LLA) and the non-uniformity of the emergent light distribution in the lens elements are the two main factors responsible for the crosstalk. In order to produce clear depth perception and improve the image quality, a novel ladder-type LCD sub-pixel arrangement and a compound lens with three aspheric surfaces are proposed and introduced into a TMLFD to respectively reduce the two types of crosstalk. Crosstalk simulation experiments demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods. Structural similarity (SSIM) simulation experiments and light-field reconstruction experiments also indicate that aliasing is effectively reduced and the depth quality is significantly improved over the entire viewing range. In addition, a tabletop 3D EST based on the proposed TMLFD is presented. The proposed approaches to crosstalk reduction are also compatible with other lenticular lens-based 3D displays.

© 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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Supplementary Material (3)

NameDescription
Visualization 1       This video shows the 3D light-field reconstruction result of the urban terrain by adopting the proposed crosstalk reduction methods. The result signifies that the aliasing over the entire viewing angle is almost eliminated and the depth information i
Visualization 2       This video shows a real-time dynamic and interactive air-traffic control simulation system based on the improved TMLFD. The movement and zoom operations of the terrain are controlled using the movement of a mouse and its wheel, respectively, while th
Visualization 3       This video shows the 3D light-field reconstruction result of the mountain terrain based on the improved TMLFD. The outline of the mountains and the changes in the terrain topography are accurately reproduced.

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Figures (19)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Light-field reconstruction image of large-depth urban buildings using a TMLFD.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Basic structure of a TMLFD. (b) Structure of an MDBU.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Generation process for a voxel.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Conventional LCD sub-pixel arrangement. (b) Formation of structural crosstalk in the light-field display. (c) Positional relationship between the slanted lens elements and the sub-pixels. (d) Composition of the mth viewpoint.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (a) The ladder-type sub-pixel arrangement for an LCD. (b) Generation of a voxel based on the improved LCD panel. (c) Positional relationship between the non-slanted lens elements and the sub-pixels. (d) Composition of the mth viewpoint.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Visual effects for the entire white image displayed on a light-field display for (a) a conventional LCD panel and (b) the new LCD panel with ladder-type sub-pixel arrangement. The inserts in (a) and (b) are magnified images.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Luminance distribution of the (a) odd and (b) even viewpoints for the original structure.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Luminance distribution of the (a) odd and (b) even viewpoints for the optimized structure.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. (a) Emergent light distribution in an ideal situation. (b) Emergent light distribution in a practical situation.

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. (a) Construction process for the viewpoints with a uniform light distribution. (b) Generation of crosstalk with a non-uniform light distribution. (c) Tracing results for light rays from the viewpoint position.

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Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. (a) Layout of the optimized compound lens. (b) Corrected light distribution for the compound lens.

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Fig. 12.
Fig. 12. Change in the width of the LDZs with the viewing angle in the (a) central and (b) right-sided viewing zones.

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Fig. 13.
Fig. 13. Change in crosstalk with the viewing angle in the (a) central and (b) right-sided viewing zones.

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Fig. 14.
Fig. 14. Luminance distribution of the (a) odd and (b) even viewpoints with a standard lens at the position of the maximum viewing angle.

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Fig. 15.
Fig. 15. Luminance distribution of the (a) odd and (b) even viewpoints with a compound aspheric lens at the position of the maximum viewing angle.

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Fig. 16.
Fig. 16. Computational simulation results for a 3D urban terrain scene from different perspectives. (a) Original light-field images from different perspectives. (b) Depth maps from different perspectives. (c) Simulated images of the light-field display with a conventional LCD sub-pixel arrangement and a standard cylindrical lens array. (d) SSIM values corresponding to Fig. 16(c). (e) Simulated images of the light-field display with the ladder-type LCD sub-pixel arrangement and a standard cylindrical lens array. (f) SSIM values corresponding to Fig. 16(e). (g) Simulated images of the light-field display with both the ladder-type LCD sub-pixel arrangement and a compound aspheric lens array. (h) SSIM values corresponding to Fig. 16(g).

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Fig. 17.
Fig. 17. Light-field reconstruction effects for different perspectives of a 3D urban terrain scene. The inserts are the magnified images. (a) Reconstructed images of the light-field display with a conventional LCD sub-pixel arrangement and a standard cylindrical lens array. (b) Reconstructed images of the light-field display with the ladder-type LCD sub-pixel arrangement and a standard cylindrical lens array. (c) Reconstructed images of the light-field display with both the ladder-type LCD sub-pixel arrangement and a compound aspheric lens array.

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Fig. 18.
Fig. 18. (a) Exterior of the EST. Observers can perceive clear 3D images and depth information with a wide 120° viewing angle. (b) Real-time dynamic and interactive 3D light-field display of an air-traffic control simulation system (see Visualization 2).

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Fig. 19.
Fig. 19. Reconstructed 3D images of complicated mountain terrain from different perspectives (see Visualization 3).

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Tables (3)

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Table 1. Configuration of the TMLFD system

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Table 2. Structural parameters for the optimized compound lens

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Table 3. Parameters of the aspheric surface

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Equations (3)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

χ φ = ( 1 − 2 − h × tan ⁡ φ / w 2 cos 2 φ + n × w × sin ⁡ 2 φ / h ) × 100 % ,
C r o s s t a l k = I n o i s e I c u r r e n t + I n o i s e × 100 % ,
z = c r 2 1 + 1 − ( 1 + k ) c 2 r 2 + a 2 r 2 + a 4 r 4 + a 6 r 6 + … ,
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