Strong longitudinal coupling of Tamm plasmon polaritons in graphene/DBR/Ag hybrid structure

Jigang Hu; Enxu Yao; Weiqiang Xie; Wei Liu; Dongmei Li; Yonghua Lu; Qiwen Zhan

doi:10.1364/OE.27.018642

Strong longitudinal coupling of Tamm plasmon polaritons in graphene/DBR/Ag hybrid structure

Jigang Hu, Enxu Yao, Weiqiang Xie, Wei Liu, Dongmei Li, Yonghua Lu, and Qiwen Zhan

Optics Express
Vol. 27,
Issue 13,
pp. 18642-18652
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.018642

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Jigang Hu, Enxu Yao, Weiqiang Xie, Wei Liu, Dongmei Li, Yonghua Lu, and Qiwen Zhan, "Strong longitudinal coupling of Tamm plasmon polaritons in graphene/DBR/Ag hybrid structure," Opt. Express 27, 18642-18652 (2019)

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Table of Contents Category
- Nanophotonics, Metamaterials, and Photonic Crystals
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: May 7, 2019
- Revised Manuscript: June 2, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: June 6, 2019
- Published: June 19, 2019

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Open Access

Abstract

In this paper, strong longitudinal coupling of the Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) is investigated in a graphene/DBR/Ag slab hybrid system. It is found that TPPs can be excited at both the top graphene and the bottom silver slab interface, which can strongly interact with each other in this coupled structure. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the vertical Tamm plasmon coupling can be either tuned by adjusting the geometric parameters or actively controlled by the Fermi energy in graphene sheet as well as the incident angle of light, allowing for strong light-matter interaction with a tunable dual-band perfect absorption. Moreover, the coupling strength of the hybrid modes exhibits a large tuning range, from a large Rabi splitting to an extremely narrow induced transparency in this coupled regime. Coupled mode theory has been employed to explain the strong coupling phenomenon. The controllable TPP coupling with an ultrahigh dual-band absorption capability offered by this simple layered structure opens new avenues for developing a broad range of graphene-based active optoelectronic and polaritonic devices.

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References

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[Crossref]
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[Crossref] [PubMed]
X. Zhao, L. Zhu, C. Yuan, and J. Yao, “Tunable plasmon-induced transparency in a grating-coupled double-layer graphene hybrid system at far-infrared frequencies,” Opt. Lett. 41(23), 5470–5473 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
N. Liu, T. Weiss, M. Mesch, L. Langguth, U. Eigenthaler, M. Hirscher, C. Sönnichsen, and H. Giessen, “Planar Metamaterial Analogue of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency for Plasmonic Sensing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1103–1107 (2010).
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2019 (7)

H. Lu, Y. Li, Z. Yue, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Topological insulator based Tamm plasmon polaritons,” APL Photonics 4(4), 040801 (2019).
[Crossref]

J. Tang, J. Xu, Z. Zheng, H. Dong, J. Dong, S. Qian, J. Guo, L. Jiang, and Y. Xiang, “Graphene Tamm plasmon-induced giant Goos–Hänchen shift at terahertz frequencies,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 17(2), 020007 (2019).
[Crossref]

L. Jiang, J. Tang, J. Xu, Z. Zheng, J. Dong, J. Guo, S. Qian, X. Dai, and Y. Xiang, “Graphene Tamm plasmon-induced low-threshold optical bistability at terahertz frequencies,” Opt. Mater. Express 9(1), 139–150 (2019).
[Crossref]

H. Lu, Y. Li, H. Jiao, Z. Li, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Induced reflection in Tamm plasmon systems,” Opt. Express 27(4), 5383–5392 (2019).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Jiang, J. Tang, Q. Wang, Y. Wu, Z. Zheng, Y. Xiang, and X. Dai, “Manipulating optical Tamm state in the terahertz frequency range with graphene,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 17(2), 020008 (2019).
[Crossref]

J. G. Hu, X. H. Wu, H. J. Li, E. X. Yao, W. Q. Xie, W. Liu, Y. H. Lu, and C. J. Ming, “Tuning of longitudinal plasmonic coupling in graphene nanoribbon arrays/sheet hybrid structures at mid-infrared frequencies,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 36(3), 697–704 (2019).
[Crossref]

H. Lu, S. Dai, Z. Yue, Y. Fan, H. Cheng, J. Di, D. Mao, E. Li, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “Sb2Te3 topological insulator: surface plasmon resonance and application in refractive index monitoring,” Nanoscale 11(11), 4759–4766 (2019).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2018 (4)

M. K. Shukla and R. Das, “Tamm-plasmon polaritons in one-dimensional photonic quasi-crystals,” Opt. Lett. 43(3), 362–365 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Shi, Z. Li, D. K. Sang, Y. Xiang, J. Li, S. Zhang, and H. Zhang, “THz photonics in two dimensional materials and metamaterials: properties, devices and prospects,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 6(6), 1291–1306 (2018).
[Crossref]

Z. Wang, J. K. Clark, Y.-L. Ho, B. Vilquin, H. Daiguji, and J.-J. Delaunay, “Narrowband Thermal Emission Realized through the Coupling of Cavity and Tamm Plasmon Resonances,” ACS Photonics 5(6), 2446–2452 (2018).
[Crossref]

B. I. Afinogenov, A. A. Popkova, V. O. Bessonov, B. Lukyanchuk, and A. A. Fedyanin, “Phase matching with Tamm plasmons for enhanced second- and third-harmonic generation,” Phys. Rev. B 97(11), 115438 (2018).
[Crossref]

2017 (2)

X. Wang, X. Jiang, Q. You, J. Guo, X. Dai, and Y. Xiang, “Tunable and multichannel terahertz perfect absorber due to Tamm surface plasmons with graphene,” Photonics Res. 5(6), 536–542 (2017).
[Crossref]

T. Hu, Y. Wang, L. Wu, L. Zhang, Y. Shan, J. Lu, J. Wang, S. Luo, Z. Zhang, L. Liao, S. Wu, X. Shen, and Z. Chen, “Strong coupling between Tamm plasmon polariton and two dimensional semiconductor excitons,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110(5), 051101 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (5)

B. Deng, Q. Guo, C. Li, H. Wang, X. Ling, D. B. Farmer, S. J. Han, J. Kong, and F. Xia, “Coupling-Enhanced Broadband Mid-infrared Light Absorption in Graphene Plasmonic Nanostructures,” ACS Nano 10(12), 11172–11178 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Shi, L. Ge, X. Wen, D. Han, and Y. Yang, “Broadband light absorption in graphene ribbons by canceling strong coupling at subwavelength scale,” Opt. Express 24(23), 26357–26362 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, X. Gan, B. Jia, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Tunable high-efficiency light absorption of monolayer graphene via Tamm plasmon polaritons,” Opt. Lett. 41(20), 4743–4746 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Lundt, S. Klembt, E. Cherotchenko, S. Betzold, O. Iff, A. V. Nalitov, M. Klaas, C. P. Dietrich, A. V. Kavokin, S. Höfling, and C. Schneider, “Room-temperature Tamm-plasmon exciton-polaritons with a WSe2 monolayer,” Nat. Commun. 7(1), 13328 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhao, L. Zhu, C. Yuan, and J. Yao, “Tunable plasmon-induced transparency in a grating-coupled double-layer graphene hybrid system at far-infrared frequencies,” Opt. Lett. 41(23), 5470–5473 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2015 (4)

X. Liu, T. Galfsky, Z. Sun, F. Xia, E. Lin, Y.-H. Lee, S. Kéna-Cohen, and V. M. Menon, “Strong light–matter coupling in two-dimensional atomic crystals,” Nat. Photonics 9(1), 30–34 (2015).
[Crossref]

T. Braun, V. Baumann, O. Iff, S. Höfling, C. Schneider, and M. Kamp, “Enhanced single photon emission from positioned InP/GaInP quantum dots coupled to a confined Tamm-plasmon mode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(4), 041113 (2015).
[Crossref]

B. Zhao and Z. M. Zhang, “Strong plasmonic coupling between graphene ribbon array and metal gratings,” ACS Photonics 2(11), 1611–1618 (2015).
[Crossref]

H. Liu, J. Gao, Z. Liu, X. Wang, H. Yang, and H. Chen, “Large electromagnetic field enhancement achieved through coupling localized surface plasmons to hybrid Tamm plasmons,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32(10), 2061–2067 (2015).
[Crossref]

2013 (3)

G. C. Dyer, G. R. Aizin, S. J. Allen, A. D. Grine, D. Bethke, J. L. Reno, and E. A. Shaner, “Induced transparency by coupling of Tamm and defect states in tunable terahertz plasmonic crystals,” Nat. Photonics 7(11), 925–930 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Symonds, G. Lheureux, J. P. Hugonin, J. J. Greffet, J. Laverdant, G. Brucoli, A. Lemaitre, P. Senellart, and J. Bellessa, “Confined Tamm plasmon lasers,” Nano Lett. 13(7), 3179–3184 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. J. Lee, J. W. Wu, and K. Kim, “Enhanced nonlinear optical effects due to the excitation of optical Tamm plasmon polaritons in one-dimensional photonic crystal structures,” Opt. Express 21(23), 28817–28823 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (5)

X. Zhang, J. Song, X. Li, J. Feng, and H. Sun, “Optical Tamm states enhanced broad-band absorption of organic solar cells,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(24), 243901 (2012).
[Crossref]

H. Liu, X. Sun, F. Yao, Y. Pei, F. Huang, H. Yuan, and Y. Jiang, “Optical magnetic field enhancement through coupling magnetic plasmons to Tamm plasmons,” Opt. Express 20(17), 19160–19167 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Tamagnone, J. S. Gómez-Díaz, J. R. Mosig, and J. Perruisseau-Carrier, “Analysis and design of terahertz antennas based on plasmonic resonant graphene sheets,” J. Appl. Phys. 112(11), 114915 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. Salomon, R. J. Gordon, Y. Prior, T. Seideman, and M. Sukharev, “Strong Coupling between Molecular Excited States and Surface Plasmon Modes of a Slit Array in a Thin Metal Film,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109(7), 073002 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Gu, R. Singh, X. Liu, X. Zhang, Y. Ma, S. Zhang, S. A. Maier, Z. Tian, A. K. Azad, H.-T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, J. Han, and W. Zhang, “Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in terahertz metamaterials,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1151 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (3)

H. Liu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, “Chemical doping of graphene,” J. Mater. Chem. 21(10), 3335–3345 (2011).
[Crossref]

F. H. L. Koppens, D. E. Chang, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for Strong Light-Matter Interactions,” Nano Lett. 11(8), 3370–3377 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Vakil and N. Engheta, “Transformation Optics Using Graphene,” Science 332(6035), 1291–1294 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (2)

B. Luk’yanchuk, N. I. Zheludev, S. A. Maier, N. J. Halas, P. Nordlander, H. Giessen, and C. T. Chong, “The Fano resonance in plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials,” Nat. Mater. 9(9), 707–715 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Liu, T. Weiss, M. Mesch, L. Langguth, U. Eigenthaler, M. Hirscher, C. Sönnichsen, and H. Giessen, “Planar Metamaterial Analogue of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency for Plasmonic Sensing,” Nano Lett. 10(4), 1103–1107 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (1)

M. Jablan, H. Buljan, and M. Soljačić, “Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 80(24), 245435 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (4)

G. W. Hanson, “Quasi-transverse electromagnetic modes supported by a graphene parallel-plate waveguide,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(8), 084314 (2008).
[Crossref]

G. W. Hanson, “Dyadic Green’s functions and guided surface waves for a surface conductivity model of graphene,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(6), 064302 (2008).
[Crossref]

M. E. Sasin, R. P. Seisyan, M. A. Kalitteevski, S. Brand, R. A. Abram, J. M. Chamberlain, A. Y. Egorov, A. P. Vasil’ev, V. S. Mikhrin, and A. V. Kavokin, “Tamm plasmon polaritons: Slow and spatially compact light,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(25), 251112 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. Zhang, D. A. Genov, Y. Wang, M. Liu, and X. Zhang, “Plasmon-Induced Transparency in Metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(4), 047401 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (1)

M. Kaliteevski, I. Iorsh, S. Brand, R. A. Abram, J. M. Chamberlain, A. V. Kavokin, and I. A. Shelykh, “Tamm plasmon-polaritons: Possible electromagnetic states at the interface of a metal and a dielectric Bragg mirror,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 76(16), 165415 (2007).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

A. V. Kavokin, I. A. Shelykh, and G. Malpuech, “Lossless interface modes at the boundary between two periodic dielectric structures,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 72(23), 233102 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films,” Science 306(5696), 666–669 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (3)

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ACS Nano (1)

ACS Photonics (2)

B. Zhao and Z. M. Zhang, “Strong plasmonic coupling between graphene ribbon array and metal gratings,” ACS Photonics 2(11), 1611–1618 (2015).
[Crossref]

APL Photonics (1)

H. Lu, Y. Li, Z. Yue, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Topological insulator based Tamm plasmon polaritons,” APL Photonics 4(4), 040801 (2019).
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Appl. Phys. Lett. (4)

X. Zhang, J. Song, X. Li, J. Feng, and H. Sun, “Optical Tamm states enhanced broad-band absorption of organic solar cells,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(24), 243901 (2012).
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Chin. Opt. Lett. (2)

J. Appl. Phys. (3)

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J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

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Nanoscale (1)

Nat. Commun. (2)

Nat. Mater. (1)

Nat. Photonics (2)

Opt. Express (4)

H. Lu, Y. Li, H. Jiao, Z. Li, D. Mao, and J. Zhao, “Induced reflection in Tamm plasmon systems,” Opt. Express 27(4), 5383–5392 (2019).
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Opt. Lett. (3)

M. K. Shukla and R. Das, “Tamm-plasmon polaritons in one-dimensional photonic quasi-crystals,” Opt. Lett. 43(3), 362–365 (2018).
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Opt. Mater. Express (1)

Photonics Res. (1)

Phys. Rev. B (1)

Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. (4)

M. Jablan, H. Buljan, and M. Soljačić, “Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 80(24), 245435 (2009).
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Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

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Science (3)

E. Prodan, C. Radloff, N. J. Halas, and P. Nordlander, “A Hybridization Model for the Plasmon Response of Complex Nanostructures,” Science 302(5644), 419–422 (2003).
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Solid State Commun. (1)

Z. Phys. (1)

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Fig. 1 Schematic of the proposed TPP coupled structure. (a) Top and (b) side view; (c) diagram of the virtual plane microcavity at metal/DBR interface for TPP generation; (d) reflection spectrum of the DBR structure under TM-polarized normal illumination.

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Fig. 2 (a) Absorption spectra for graphene/DBR (blue) and DBR/Ag slab (red) structures, where solid lines and hollow circles correspond to the results from simulation and theoretical calculations, respectively; up-left and down-right insets indicate the |E| distributions for GTPP and STPP modes. (b) Absorption spectra of the Graphene/DBR/Ag coupled structure, the inset shows the energy diagram for the strong coupling of GTPP and STPP modes.

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Fig. 3 The normalized |E| and |H| field distributions at frequencies of peaks and dip marked with I, II and III in Fig. 2(b). Left, middle and right columns correspond to I, II and III modes, respectively.

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Fig. 4 (a) The simulated resonance frequency of GTPP mode versus the spacer thickness d₀ (blue circles), where that of the STPP mode is also provided (red circles) for reference. (b) The simulated absorption spectra of the strong coupling structure as a function of d₀. The white dashed lines represent the resonance frequency of the hybrid mode, which is theoretically fitted by using Eq. (8).

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Fig. 5 (a) The simulated absorption spectra of the structure as a function of the Fermi energy in graphene. (b) The absorption curves for different Fermi energy μ_c of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 eV, respectively. The geometric parameters of the structure are the same as those used in Fig. 2(b) with TM-polarized normal illumination.

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Fig. 6 (a) The simulated absorption spectra of the structure as a function of the incident angle θ of light. (b) The absorption curves for incident angle θ = 0°, 15°, and 30°, respectively. The geometric parameters of the structure and polarization of light are the same as those used in Fig. 5.

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Fig. 7 (a) The absorption spectra for structures with different pair number of N for the DBR. The frequency intervals between the doublet peaks are marked with the double-arrow lines, correlated to the Rabi splitting Frequency Ω_R. (b) The Rabi energy versus the different pair number of N.

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Equations (8)

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σ_{g} = i \frac{e^{2} k_{B} T}{π ℏ (ω + i τ^{- 1})} [\frac{μ_{c}}{k_{B} T} + 2 \ln (\exp (- \frac{μ_{c}}{k_{B} T}) + 1)]

r_{m} r_{DBR} \exp (2 i δ) = 1

A r g [r_{m} r_{DBR} \exp (2 i δ)] \approx 2 m π,

(\begin{array}{l} E_{GTPP} + i h Γ_{GTPP} \\ V_{C} \end{array} \begin{array}{l} V_{C} \\ E_{STPP} + i h Γ_{STPP} \end{array}) (\begin{array}{l} α \\ β \end{array}) = E (\begin{array}{l} α \\ β \end{array}),

\begin{array}{l} E = (E_{GTPP} + E_{STPP}) / 2 + i ℏ (Γ_{GTPP} + Γ_{STPP}) / 2 \\ \pm {[V_{C}^{2} + 1 / 4 {(E_{GTPP} - E_{STPP} + i ℏ Γ_{GTPP} - i ℏ Γ_{STPP})}^{2}]}^{\frac{1}{2}} \end{array}

ℏ Ω_{Rabi} = 2 \sqrt{V_{C}^{2} - (ℏ^{2} / 4) {(Γ_{GTPP} - Γ_{STPP})}^{2}}

A = \frac{1}{Λ} \frac{{(F γ + f - f_{0})}^{2}}{{(f - f_{0})}^{2} + γ^{2}},

ω (d_{0}) = \frac{ω_{G} (d_{0}) + ω_{S}}{2} \pm \sqrt{ω_{δ}^{2} + \frac{{[ω_{G} (d_{0}) - ω_{S}]}^{2}}{4}},