Abstract

We demonstrate the feasibility of bidirectional image transmission through a physically thick scattering medium within its memory effect range by digital optical phase conjugation. We show the bidirectional transmission is not simply the consequence of optical reciprocity. We observe that when the spatial light modulator (the device performing the digital optical phase conjugation) is relayed to the middle plane of the medium, the memory effect will be fully exploited and thus the transmitted images will have maximum field of view (FOV). Furthermore, we show that the FOV can be expanded n times by performing n times wavefront measurements.

© 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2017 (2)

M. Qiao, H. Liu, G. Pang, and S. Han, “Non-invasive three-dimension control of light between turbid layers using a surface quasi-point light source for precorrection,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 9792 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Osnabrugge, R. Horstmeyer, I. N. Papadopoulos, B. Judkewitz, and I. M. Vellekoop, “Generalized optical memory effect,” Optica 4(8), 886–892 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (1)

J. Ryu, M. Jang, T. J. Eom, C. Yang, and E. Chung, “Optical phase conjugation assisted scattering lens: variable focusing and 3D patterning,” Sci. Rep. 6(1), 23494 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2015 (5)

R. Horstmeyer, H. Ruan, and C. Yang, “Guidestar-assisted wavefront-shaping methods for focusing light into biological tissue,” Nat. Photonics 9(9), 563–571 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Yu, J. Park, K. Lee, J. Yoon, K. Kim, S. Lee, and Y. Park, “Recent advances in wavefront shaping techniques for biomedical applications,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 15(5), 632–641 (2015).
[Crossref]

P. Lai, L. Wang, J. W. Tay, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustically guided wavefront shaping for enhanced optical focusing in scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 9(2), 126–132 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. M. Vellekoop, “Feedback-based wavefront shaping,” Opt. Express 23(9), 12189–12206 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Judkewitz, R. Horstmeyer, I. M. Vellekoop, I. N. Papadopoulos, and C. Yang, “Translation correlations in anisotropically scattering media,” Nat. Phys. 11(8), 684–689 (2015).
[Crossref]

2013 (3)

T. R. Hillman, T. Yamauchi, W. Choi, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Y. Park, and Z. Yaqoob, “Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media,” Sci. Rep. 3(1), 1909 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Judkewitz, Y. M. Wang, R. Horstmeyer, A. Mathy, and C. Yang, “Speckle-scale focusing in the diffusive regime with time-reversal of variance-encoded light (TROVE),” Nat. Photonics 7(4), 300–305 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. L. Jacques, “Optical properties of biological tissues: a review,” Phys. Med. Biol. 58(11), R37–R61 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (4)

I. M. Vellekoop, M. Cui, and C. Yang, “Digital optical phase conjugation of fluorescence in turbid tissue,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(8), 081108 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Ghielmetti and C. M. Aegerter, “Scattered light fluorescence microscopy in three dimensions,” Opt. Express 20(4), 3744–3752 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. M. Wang, B. Judkewitz, C. A. Dimarzio, and C. Yang, “Deep-tissue focal fluorescence imaging with digitally time-reversed ultrasound-encoded light,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 928 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Katz, E. Small, and Y. Silberberg, “Looking around corners and through thin turbid layers in real time with scattered incoherent light,” Nat. Photonics 6(8), 549–553 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (3)

K. Deisseroth, “Optogenetics,” Nat. Methods 8(1), 26–29 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Yizhar, L. E. Fenno, T. J. Davidson, M. Mogri, and K. Deisseroth, “Optogenetics in neural systems,” Neuron 71(1), 9–34 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. van Beijnum, E. G. van Putten, A. Lagendijk, and A. P. Mosk, “Frequency bandwidth of light focused through turbid media,” Opt. Lett. 36(3), 373–375 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (3)

2006 (1)

I. H. El-Sayed, X. Huang, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Selective laser photo-thermal therapy of epithelial carcinoma using anti-EGFR antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 239(1), 129–135 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (1)

D. P. O’Neal, L. R. Hirsch, N. J. Halas, J. D. Payne, and J. L. West, “Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 209(2), 171–176 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (1)

W. Xu, M. H. Jericho, I. A. Meinertzhagen, and H. J. Kreuzer, “Digital in-line holography for biological applications,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(20), 11301–11305 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (1)

1999 (1)

1997 (1)

1990 (1)

W.-F. Cheong, S. A. Prahl, and A. J. Welch, “A review of the optical properties of biological tissues,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(12), 2166–2185 (1990).
[Crossref]

1988 (2)

S. Feng, C. Kane, P. A. Lee, and A. D. Stone, “Correlations and fluctuations of coherent wave transmission through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(7), 834–837 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. Freund, M. Rosenbluh, and S. Feng, “Memory effects in propagation of optical waves through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(20), 2328–2331 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1966 (1)

Aegerter, C. M.

Boccara, A. C.

S. M. Popoff, G. Lerosey, R. Carminati, M. Fink, A. C. Boccara, and S. Gigan, “Measuring the transmission matrix in optics: an approach to the study and control of light propagation in disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(10), 100601 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Carminati, R.

S. M. Popoff, G. Lerosey, R. Carminati, M. Fink, A. C. Boccara, and S. Gigan, “Measuring the transmission matrix in optics: an approach to the study and control of light propagation in disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(10), 100601 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cheong, W.-F.

W.-F. Cheong, S. A. Prahl, and A. J. Welch, “A review of the optical properties of biological tissues,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(12), 2166–2185 (1990).
[Crossref]

Choi, W.

T. R. Hillman, T. Yamauchi, W. Choi, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Y. Park, and Z. Yaqoob, “Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media,” Sci. Rep. 3(1), 1909 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chung, E.

J. Ryu, M. Jang, T. J. Eom, C. Yang, and E. Chung, “Optical phase conjugation assisted scattering lens: variable focusing and 3D patterning,” Sci. Rep. 6(1), 23494 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cuche, E.

Cui, M.

I. M. Vellekoop, M. Cui, and C. Yang, “Digital optical phase conjugation of fluorescence in turbid tissue,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(8), 081108 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dasari, R. R.

T. R. Hillman, T. Yamauchi, W. Choi, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Y. Park, and Z. Yaqoob, “Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media,” Sci. Rep. 3(1), 1909 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Davidson, T. J.

O. Yizhar, L. E. Fenno, T. J. Davidson, M. Mogri, and K. Deisseroth, “Optogenetics in neural systems,” Neuron 71(1), 9–34 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Deisseroth, K.

O. Yizhar, L. E. Fenno, T. J. Davidson, M. Mogri, and K. Deisseroth, “Optogenetics in neural systems,” Neuron 71(1), 9–34 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Deisseroth, “Optogenetics,” Nat. Methods 8(1), 26–29 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Depeursinge, C.

Dimarzio, C. A.

Y. M. Wang, B. Judkewitz, C. A. Dimarzio, and C. Yang, “Deep-tissue focal fluorescence imaging with digitally time-reversed ultrasound-encoded light,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 928 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

El-Sayed, I. H.

I. H. El-Sayed, X. Huang, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Selective laser photo-thermal therapy of epithelial carcinoma using anti-EGFR antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 239(1), 129–135 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

El-Sayed, M. A.

I. H. El-Sayed, X. Huang, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Selective laser photo-thermal therapy of epithelial carcinoma using anti-EGFR antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 239(1), 129–135 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Eom, T. J.

J. Ryu, M. Jang, T. J. Eom, C. Yang, and E. Chung, “Optical phase conjugation assisted scattering lens: variable focusing and 3D patterning,” Sci. Rep. 6(1), 23494 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Feld, M. S.

T. R. Hillman, T. Yamauchi, W. Choi, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Y. Park, and Z. Yaqoob, “Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media,” Sci. Rep. 3(1), 1909 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Feng, S.

S. Feng, C. Kane, P. A. Lee, and A. D. Stone, “Correlations and fluctuations of coherent wave transmission through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(7), 834–837 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. Freund, M. Rosenbluh, and S. Feng, “Memory effects in propagation of optical waves through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(20), 2328–2331 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fenno, L. E.

O. Yizhar, L. E. Fenno, T. J. Davidson, M. Mogri, and K. Deisseroth, “Optogenetics in neural systems,” Neuron 71(1), 9–34 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fink, M.

S. M. Popoff, G. Lerosey, R. Carminati, M. Fink, A. C. Boccara, and S. Gigan, “Measuring the transmission matrix in optics: an approach to the study and control of light propagation in disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(10), 100601 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Freund, I.

I. Freund, M. Rosenbluh, and S. Feng, “Memory effects in propagation of optical waves through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(20), 2328–2331 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ghielmetti, G.

Gigan, S.

S. M. Popoff, G. Lerosey, R. Carminati, M. Fink, A. C. Boccara, and S. Gigan, “Measuring the transmission matrix in optics: an approach to the study and control of light propagation in disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(10), 100601 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Grange, R.

Halas, N. J.

D. P. O’Neal, L. R. Hirsch, N. J. Halas, J. D. Payne, and J. L. West, “Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 209(2), 171–176 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Han, S.

M. Qiao, H. Liu, G. Pang, and S. Han, “Non-invasive three-dimension control of light between turbid layers using a surface quasi-point light source for precorrection,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 9792 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hillman, T. R.

T. R. Hillman, T. Yamauchi, W. Choi, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Y. Park, and Z. Yaqoob, “Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media,” Sci. Rep. 3(1), 1909 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hirsch, L. R.

D. P. O’Neal, L. R. Hirsch, N. J. Halas, J. D. Payne, and J. L. West, “Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 209(2), 171–176 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Horstmeyer, R.

G. Osnabrugge, R. Horstmeyer, I. N. Papadopoulos, B. Judkewitz, and I. M. Vellekoop, “Generalized optical memory effect,” Optica 4(8), 886–892 (2017).
[Crossref]

R. Horstmeyer, H. Ruan, and C. Yang, “Guidestar-assisted wavefront-shaping methods for focusing light into biological tissue,” Nat. Photonics 9(9), 563–571 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Judkewitz, R. Horstmeyer, I. M. Vellekoop, I. N. Papadopoulos, and C. Yang, “Translation correlations in anisotropically scattering media,” Nat. Phys. 11(8), 684–689 (2015).
[Crossref]

B. Judkewitz, Y. M. Wang, R. Horstmeyer, A. Mathy, and C. Yang, “Speckle-scale focusing in the diffusive regime with time-reversal of variance-encoded light (TROVE),” Nat. Photonics 7(4), 300–305 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hsieh, C.-L.

Huang, X.

I. H. El-Sayed, X. Huang, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Selective laser photo-thermal therapy of epithelial carcinoma using anti-EGFR antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 239(1), 129–135 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jacques, S. L.

S. L. Jacques, “Optical properties of biological tissues: a review,” Phys. Med. Biol. 58(11), R37–R61 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jang, M.

J. Ryu, M. Jang, T. J. Eom, C. Yang, and E. Chung, “Optical phase conjugation assisted scattering lens: variable focusing and 3D patterning,” Sci. Rep. 6(1), 23494 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jericho, M. H.

W. Xu, M. H. Jericho, I. A. Meinertzhagen, and H. J. Kreuzer, “Digital in-line holography for biological applications,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(20), 11301–11305 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Judkewitz, B.

G. Osnabrugge, R. Horstmeyer, I. N. Papadopoulos, B. Judkewitz, and I. M. Vellekoop, “Generalized optical memory effect,” Optica 4(8), 886–892 (2017).
[Crossref]

B. Judkewitz, R. Horstmeyer, I. M. Vellekoop, I. N. Papadopoulos, and C. Yang, “Translation correlations in anisotropically scattering media,” Nat. Phys. 11(8), 684–689 (2015).
[Crossref]

B. Judkewitz, Y. M. Wang, R. Horstmeyer, A. Mathy, and C. Yang, “Speckle-scale focusing in the diffusive regime with time-reversal of variance-encoded light (TROVE),” Nat. Photonics 7(4), 300–305 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. M. Wang, B. Judkewitz, C. A. Dimarzio, and C. Yang, “Deep-tissue focal fluorescence imaging with digitally time-reversed ultrasound-encoded light,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 928 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kane, C.

S. Feng, C. Kane, P. A. Lee, and A. D. Stone, “Correlations and fluctuations of coherent wave transmission through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(7), 834–837 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Katz, O.

O. Katz, E. Small, and Y. Silberberg, “Looking around corners and through thin turbid layers in real time with scattered incoherent light,” Nat. Photonics 6(8), 549–553 (2012).
[Crossref]

Kim, K.

H. Yu, J. Park, K. Lee, J. Yoon, K. Kim, S. Lee, and Y. Park, “Recent advances in wavefront shaping techniques for biomedical applications,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 15(5), 632–641 (2015).
[Crossref]

Kreuzer, H. J.

W. Xu, M. H. Jericho, I. A. Meinertzhagen, and H. J. Kreuzer, “Digital in-line holography for biological applications,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(20), 11301–11305 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lagendijk, A.

Lai, P.

P. Lai, L. Wang, J. W. Tay, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustically guided wavefront shaping for enhanced optical focusing in scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 9(2), 126–132 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Laporte, G.

Lee, K.

H. Yu, J. Park, K. Lee, J. Yoon, K. Kim, S. Lee, and Y. Park, “Recent advances in wavefront shaping techniques for biomedical applications,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 15(5), 632–641 (2015).
[Crossref]

Lee, P. A.

S. Feng, C. Kane, P. A. Lee, and A. D. Stone, “Correlations and fluctuations of coherent wave transmission through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(7), 834–837 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, S.

H. Yu, J. Park, K. Lee, J. Yoon, K. Kim, S. Lee, and Y. Park, “Recent advances in wavefront shaping techniques for biomedical applications,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 15(5), 632–641 (2015).
[Crossref]

Leith, E. N.

Lerosey, G.

S. M. Popoff, G. Lerosey, R. Carminati, M. Fink, A. C. Boccara, and S. Gigan, “Measuring the transmission matrix in optics: an approach to the study and control of light propagation in disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(10), 100601 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, H.

M. Qiao, H. Liu, G. Pang, and S. Han, “Non-invasive three-dimension control of light between turbid layers using a surface quasi-point light source for precorrection,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 9792 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Marquet, P.

Mathy, A.

B. Judkewitz, Y. M. Wang, R. Horstmeyer, A. Mathy, and C. Yang, “Speckle-scale focusing in the diffusive regime with time-reversal of variance-encoded light (TROVE),” Nat. Photonics 7(4), 300–305 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Meinertzhagen, I. A.

W. Xu, M. H. Jericho, I. A. Meinertzhagen, and H. J. Kreuzer, “Digital in-line holography for biological applications,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(20), 11301–11305 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mogri, M.

O. Yizhar, L. E. Fenno, T. J. Davidson, M. Mogri, and K. Deisseroth, “Optogenetics in neural systems,” Neuron 71(1), 9–34 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mosk, A. P.

O’Neal, D. P.

D. P. O’Neal, L. R. Hirsch, N. J. Halas, J. D. Payne, and J. L. West, “Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 209(2), 171–176 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Osnabrugge, G.

Pang, G.

M. Qiao, H. Liu, G. Pang, and S. Han, “Non-invasive three-dimension control of light between turbid layers using a surface quasi-point light source for precorrection,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 9792 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Papadopoulos, I. N.

G. Osnabrugge, R. Horstmeyer, I. N. Papadopoulos, B. Judkewitz, and I. M. Vellekoop, “Generalized optical memory effect,” Optica 4(8), 886–892 (2017).
[Crossref]

B. Judkewitz, R. Horstmeyer, I. M. Vellekoop, I. N. Papadopoulos, and C. Yang, “Translation correlations in anisotropically scattering media,” Nat. Phys. 11(8), 684–689 (2015).
[Crossref]

Park, J.

H. Yu, J. Park, K. Lee, J. Yoon, K. Kim, S. Lee, and Y. Park, “Recent advances in wavefront shaping techniques for biomedical applications,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 15(5), 632–641 (2015).
[Crossref]

Park, Y.

H. Yu, J. Park, K. Lee, J. Yoon, K. Kim, S. Lee, and Y. Park, “Recent advances in wavefront shaping techniques for biomedical applications,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 15(5), 632–641 (2015).
[Crossref]

T. R. Hillman, T. Yamauchi, W. Choi, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Y. Park, and Z. Yaqoob, “Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media,” Sci. Rep. 3(1), 1909 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Payne, J. D.

D. P. O’Neal, L. R. Hirsch, N. J. Halas, J. D. Payne, and J. L. West, “Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 209(2), 171–176 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Popoff, S. M.

S. M. Popoff, G. Lerosey, R. Carminati, M. Fink, A. C. Boccara, and S. Gigan, “Measuring the transmission matrix in optics: an approach to the study and control of light propagation in disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(10), 100601 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Prahl, S. A.

W.-F. Cheong, S. A. Prahl, and A. J. Welch, “A review of the optical properties of biological tissues,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(12), 2166–2185 (1990).
[Crossref]

Psaltis, D.

Pu, Y.

Qiao, M.

M. Qiao, H. Liu, G. Pang, and S. Han, “Non-invasive three-dimension control of light between turbid layers using a surface quasi-point light source for precorrection,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 9792 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rosenbluh, M.

I. Freund, M. Rosenbluh, and S. Feng, “Memory effects in propagation of optical waves through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(20), 2328–2331 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ruan, H.

R. Horstmeyer, H. Ruan, and C. Yang, “Guidestar-assisted wavefront-shaping methods for focusing light into biological tissue,” Nat. Photonics 9(9), 563–571 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ryu, J.

J. Ryu, M. Jang, T. J. Eom, C. Yang, and E. Chung, “Optical phase conjugation assisted scattering lens: variable focusing and 3D patterning,” Sci. Rep. 6(1), 23494 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Silberberg, Y.

O. Katz, E. Small, and Y. Silberberg, “Looking around corners and through thin turbid layers in real time with scattered incoherent light,” Nat. Photonics 6(8), 549–553 (2012).
[Crossref]

Small, E.

O. Katz, E. Small, and Y. Silberberg, “Looking around corners and through thin turbid layers in real time with scattered incoherent light,” Nat. Photonics 6(8), 549–553 (2012).
[Crossref]

Stone, A. D.

S. Feng, C. Kane, P. A. Lee, and A. D. Stone, “Correlations and fluctuations of coherent wave transmission through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(7), 834–837 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tay, J. W.

P. Lai, L. Wang, J. W. Tay, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustically guided wavefront shaping for enhanced optical focusing in scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 9(2), 126–132 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Upatnieks, J.

van Beijnum, F.

van Putten, E. G.

Vellekoop, I. M.

G. Osnabrugge, R. Horstmeyer, I. N. Papadopoulos, B. Judkewitz, and I. M. Vellekoop, “Generalized optical memory effect,” Optica 4(8), 886–892 (2017).
[Crossref]

I. M. Vellekoop, “Feedback-based wavefront shaping,” Opt. Express 23(9), 12189–12206 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Judkewitz, R. Horstmeyer, I. M. Vellekoop, I. N. Papadopoulos, and C. Yang, “Translation correlations in anisotropically scattering media,” Nat. Phys. 11(8), 684–689 (2015).
[Crossref]

I. M. Vellekoop, M. Cui, and C. Yang, “Digital optical phase conjugation of fluorescence in turbid tissue,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(8), 081108 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. M. Vellekoop and C. M. Aegerter, “Scattered light fluorescence microscopy: imaging through turbid layers,” Opt. Lett. 35(8), 1245–1247 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, L.

P. Lai, L. Wang, J. W. Tay, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustically guided wavefront shaping for enhanced optical focusing in scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 9(2), 126–132 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, L. V.

P. Lai, L. Wang, J. W. Tay, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustically guided wavefront shaping for enhanced optical focusing in scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 9(2), 126–132 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, Y. M.

B. Judkewitz, Y. M. Wang, R. Horstmeyer, A. Mathy, and C. Yang, “Speckle-scale focusing in the diffusive regime with time-reversal of variance-encoded light (TROVE),” Nat. Photonics 7(4), 300–305 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. M. Wang, B. Judkewitz, C. A. Dimarzio, and C. Yang, “Deep-tissue focal fluorescence imaging with digitally time-reversed ultrasound-encoded light,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 928 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Welch, A. J.

W.-F. Cheong, S. A. Prahl, and A. J. Welch, “A review of the optical properties of biological tissues,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(12), 2166–2185 (1990).
[Crossref]

West, J. L.

D. P. O’Neal, L. R. Hirsch, N. J. Halas, J. D. Payne, and J. L. West, “Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 209(2), 171–176 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, W.

W. Xu, M. H. Jericho, I. A. Meinertzhagen, and H. J. Kreuzer, “Digital in-line holography for biological applications,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(20), 11301–11305 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yamaguchi, I.

Yamauchi, T.

T. R. Hillman, T. Yamauchi, W. Choi, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Y. Park, and Z. Yaqoob, “Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media,” Sci. Rep. 3(1), 1909 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, C.

J. Ryu, M. Jang, T. J. Eom, C. Yang, and E. Chung, “Optical phase conjugation assisted scattering lens: variable focusing and 3D patterning,” Sci. Rep. 6(1), 23494 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Judkewitz, R. Horstmeyer, I. M. Vellekoop, I. N. Papadopoulos, and C. Yang, “Translation correlations in anisotropically scattering media,” Nat. Phys. 11(8), 684–689 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Horstmeyer, H. Ruan, and C. Yang, “Guidestar-assisted wavefront-shaping methods for focusing light into biological tissue,” Nat. Photonics 9(9), 563–571 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Judkewitz, Y. M. Wang, R. Horstmeyer, A. Mathy, and C. Yang, “Speckle-scale focusing in the diffusive regime with time-reversal of variance-encoded light (TROVE),” Nat. Photonics 7(4), 300–305 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. M. Vellekoop, M. Cui, and C. Yang, “Digital optical phase conjugation of fluorescence in turbid tissue,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(8), 081108 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. M. Wang, B. Judkewitz, C. A. Dimarzio, and C. Yang, “Deep-tissue focal fluorescence imaging with digitally time-reversed ultrasound-encoded light,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 928 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yaqoob, Z.

T. R. Hillman, T. Yamauchi, W. Choi, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Y. Park, and Z. Yaqoob, “Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media,” Sci. Rep. 3(1), 1909 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yizhar, O.

O. Yizhar, L. E. Fenno, T. J. Davidson, M. Mogri, and K. Deisseroth, “Optogenetics in neural systems,” Neuron 71(1), 9–34 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yoon, J.

H. Yu, J. Park, K. Lee, J. Yoon, K. Kim, S. Lee, and Y. Park, “Recent advances in wavefront shaping techniques for biomedical applications,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 15(5), 632–641 (2015).
[Crossref]

Yu, H.

H. Yu, J. Park, K. Lee, J. Yoon, K. Kim, S. Lee, and Y. Park, “Recent advances in wavefront shaping techniques for biomedical applications,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 15(5), 632–641 (2015).
[Crossref]

Zhang, T.

Appl. Opt. (2)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

I. M. Vellekoop, M. Cui, and C. Yang, “Digital optical phase conjugation of fluorescence in turbid tissue,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(8), 081108 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cancer Lett. (2)

I. H. El-Sayed, X. Huang, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Selective laser photo-thermal therapy of epithelial carcinoma using anti-EGFR antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 239(1), 129–135 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. P. O’Neal, L. R. Hirsch, N. J. Halas, J. D. Payne, and J. L. West, “Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles,” Cancer Lett. 209(2), 171–176 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Curr. Appl. Phys. (1)

H. Yu, J. Park, K. Lee, J. Yoon, K. Kim, S. Lee, and Y. Park, “Recent advances in wavefront shaping techniques for biomedical applications,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 15(5), 632–641 (2015).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

W.-F. Cheong, S. A. Prahl, and A. J. Welch, “A review of the optical properties of biological tissues,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(12), 2166–2185 (1990).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1)

Nat. Commun. (1)

Y. M. Wang, B. Judkewitz, C. A. Dimarzio, and C. Yang, “Deep-tissue focal fluorescence imaging with digitally time-reversed ultrasound-encoded light,” Nat. Commun. 3(1), 928 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Methods (1)

K. Deisseroth, “Optogenetics,” Nat. Methods 8(1), 26–29 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Photonics (4)

O. Katz, E. Small, and Y. Silberberg, “Looking around corners and through thin turbid layers in real time with scattered incoherent light,” Nat. Photonics 6(8), 549–553 (2012).
[Crossref]

P. Lai, L. Wang, J. W. Tay, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustically guided wavefront shaping for enhanced optical focusing in scattering media,” Nat. Photonics 9(2), 126–132 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Horstmeyer, H. Ruan, and C. Yang, “Guidestar-assisted wavefront-shaping methods for focusing light into biological tissue,” Nat. Photonics 9(9), 563–571 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Judkewitz, Y. M. Wang, R. Horstmeyer, A. Mathy, and C. Yang, “Speckle-scale focusing in the diffusive regime with time-reversal of variance-encoded light (TROVE),” Nat. Photonics 7(4), 300–305 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Phys. (1)

B. Judkewitz, R. Horstmeyer, I. M. Vellekoop, I. N. Papadopoulos, and C. Yang, “Translation correlations in anisotropically scattering media,” Nat. Phys. 11(8), 684–689 (2015).
[Crossref]

Neuron (1)

O. Yizhar, L. E. Fenno, T. J. Davidson, M. Mogri, and K. Deisseroth, “Optogenetics in neural systems,” Neuron 71(1), 9–34 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (3)

Optica (1)

Phys. Med. Biol. (1)

S. L. Jacques, “Optical properties of biological tissues: a review,” Phys. Med. Biol. 58(11), R37–R61 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (3)

S. Feng, C. Kane, P. A. Lee, and A. D. Stone, “Correlations and fluctuations of coherent wave transmission through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(7), 834–837 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. Freund, M. Rosenbluh, and S. Feng, “Memory effects in propagation of optical waves through disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 61(20), 2328–2331 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. M. Popoff, G. Lerosey, R. Carminati, M. Fink, A. C. Boccara, and S. Gigan, “Measuring the transmission matrix in optics: an approach to the study and control of light propagation in disordered media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(10), 100601 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1)

W. Xu, M. H. Jericho, I. A. Meinertzhagen, and H. J. Kreuzer, “Digital in-line holography for biological applications,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(20), 11301–11305 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sci. Rep. (3)

M. Qiao, H. Liu, G. Pang, and S. Han, “Non-invasive three-dimension control of light between turbid layers using a surface quasi-point light source for precorrection,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 9792 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. R. Hillman, T. Yamauchi, W. Choi, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Y. Park, and Z. Yaqoob, “Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media,” Sci. Rep. 3(1), 1909 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Ryu, M. Jang, T. J. Eom, C. Yang, and E. Chung, “Optical phase conjugation assisted scattering lens: variable focusing and 3D patterning,” Sci. Rep. 6(1), 23494 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (1)

H. C. Van de Hulst, Multiple light scattering: tables, formulas, and applications (Elsevier, 2012).

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic of our approach for bidirectional image transmission through a thick scattering medium (showed as the gray turbid cube). (a) We first measure the diffused wavefront (green squiggly line) originating from a point source behind the medium using interferometry (the interferometer is not shown here for simplicity, see Fig. 2 for detailed setup), and then superpose the conjugated phase map of the measured wavefront on the SLM to compensate the diffused wavefront into a plane wavefront, which is then focused onto the CCD by a lens (L2). (b) An unknown object (far left) hidden behind the medium can be imaged onto the CCD (far right) after phase compensation. (c) A know object (far right) can also be projected (far left) through the medium from the other direction by phase pre-modulation. It should be noted that the SLM is plotted here as a transmissive element for simplicity, but in our experiments, we used a reflective SLM (Fig. 2).

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 The experimental setup for bidirectional image transmission through thick scattering media. BS: beam splitter, L: lens, LCVR: liquid crystal variable retarder, BE: beam expander, SF: single-mode fiber, BPF: bandpass filter, CCD: charge coupled device, SLM: spatial light modulator, DOPC: digital optical phase conjugation. The green and red arrows indicate the light path in the wavefront measurement step and the imaging step, respectively. To perform the projecting experiment, CCD2 and the elements in the red rectangular box are exchanged, and the light path will be inverse to that in the imaging step.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Images and projections captured by CCD2 after a 1 mm thick chicken breast slice. (a) The truth of a ‘butterfly’ object captured without any scattering medium. (b) Image of the ‘butterfly’ object without phase compensation after the thick chicken breast slice. (c) A 50x50 pixels region of the compensative phase map. (d-e) Image (d) and projection (e) of the ‘butterfly’ object when SLM displayed the compensative phase map and was relayed to the right surface of the slice. The FOV (full width at 1/5 maximum) for (d-e) are 0.6 mm x 0.6 mm and 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm, respectively. (f-g) Image (f) and projection (g) of the ‘butterfly’ object when SLM displayed the conjugated phase map and was relayed to the middle plane of the slice. The FOV (full width at 1/5 maximum) for (f-g) are 0.9 mm x 0.9 mm and 0.75 mm x 0.75 mm, respectively. (h-i) Image (h) and projection (i) of an object of Chinese letter ‘zhong’ when SLM displayed the conjugated phase map and was relayed to the middle plane of the slice. The size of the object is 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Experimentally measured FOV for chicken breast slices. (a, b) FOV curves measured at different z r (the relative position between the SLM’s relay plane and the right surface of the scattering samples), for imaging (a) and projecting (b), respectively. Slice thickness is 1 mm. (c, d) Change of FOV width with z r , for 1 mm (c) and 2 mm (d) thick slices, respectively. ‘1/5′ and ‘1/2’ in the legends indicate full width at 1/5 and 1/2 maximum, respectively. The cyan dotted lines indicate the optimal z r where the FOV reaches its maximum.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Enlargement of the FOV by multiple times wavefront measurements. (a) Positions of the point source (red points) in each wavefront measurements. The ‘butterfly’ object is also shown to indicate the relative position between the object and the point source. (b-g) Images of the object captured by CCD2 when the SLM displayed the five conjugated phase maps and the synthesized map, respectively. (h-m) Projections of the object captured by CCD2 when the SLM displayed the same phase maps as in (b-g). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Relationship between FOV and z r (the relative position between the SLM’s relay plane and the right surface of the scattering samples), measured with silicon microsphere samples with different anisotropy factor g and thickness L. (a) g = 0.98, L = 0.5 mm. (b) g = 0.98, L = 1 mm. (c) g = 0.95, L = 0.5 mm. (d) g = 0.95, L = 0.8 mm. MFP = 0.1 mm for all samples. ‘1/5′ and ‘1/2’ in the legends indicate full width at 1/5 and 1/2 maximum. The cyan dotted lines indicate the optimal z r where the FOV reaches its maximum.

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Equations (19)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

T( A( x ) )=B( x ).
T( e i k x x A( x ) )=c( k x ) e i k x x B( x )+R( x ),
T( e i k x x A( x ) )=c( k x ) e i k x x B( x−Δθ*αL )+R( x ).
F αL -1 ( B( x ) )=B'( x )or F αL ( B'( x ) )=B( x ),
F αL ( e i k x x B'( x ) )= e i k x x B( x−Δθ*αL ).
T( e i k x x A( x ) )=c( k x ) F αL ( e i k x x B'( x ) )+R( x ).
F αL -1 ( T( e i k x x A( x ) ) )=c( k x ) e i k x x B'( x )+R( x ),
T'( e i k x x A( x ) )=c( k x ) e i k x x B'( x )+R( x ).
T'( A( x ) )=B'( x ).
I= ∑ x' U(x')exp( ik 2d (x−x') 2 ) ,
I=exp( ik 2d x 2 ) ∑ x' U(x') exp(−ik x' d x)exp( ik 2d x ' 2 ),
E ' med =T'( E s ) ∑ x' c( k x' )U(x') exp( ik 2d x ' 2 )exp(−i k x' x)+R( x ).
O= ∑ x' c( k x' )U(x')exp( ik 2d x ' 2 )exp(−i k x' x)+R( x ) .
E med = F z r −1 ∑ x' U(x') e −i k x' x F z r −1* T * ( E s * (x)).
O= ∑ x' U(x') T T ( e −i k x' x T * ( E s * (x− k x' k z r )) ) ,
T( e i k x x A( x−Δx ) )=c( k x ,Δx ) e i k x x T( A( x−Δx− k x k αL ) )+R( x ),
O= ∑ x' c( − k x' , k x' k z r )U( x' ) e −i k x' x E s *( x− k x' k ( z r −αL ) )+R( x ) .
O= ∑ x' c( k x' ,−0.5 k x' k L )U( x' ) e i k x' x E s *( x )+R( x ) .
W s =exp(i φ 0 )+ e i k x1 x exp(i φ 1 )+ e i k x2 x exp(i φ 2 )+......++ e i k xn x exp(i φ n ),

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