Intense water-window soft x-ray emission by spectral control using dual laser pulses

Goki Arai; Hiroyuki Hara; Tadashi Hatano; Takeo Ejima; Weihua Jiang; Hayato Ohashi; Shinichi Namba; Atsushi Sunahara; Akira Sasaki; Masaharu Nishikino; Gerry O’Sullivan; Takeshi Higashiguchi

doi:10.1364/OE.26.027748

Intense water-window soft x-ray emission by spectral control using dual laser pulses

Goki Arai, Hiroyuki Hara, Tadashi Hatano, Takeo Ejima, Weihua Jiang, Hayato Ohashi, Shinichi Namba, Atsushi Sunahara, Akira Sasaki, Masaharu Nishikino, Gerry O’Sullivan, and Takeshi Higashiguchi

Optics Express
Vol. 26,
Issue 21,
pp. 27748-27756
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.027748

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Goki Arai, Hiroyuki Hara, Tadashi Hatano, Takeo Ejima, Weihua Jiang, Hayato Ohashi, Shinichi Namba, Atsushi Sunahara, Akira Sasaki, Masaharu Nishikino, Gerry O’Sullivan, and Takeshi Higashiguchi, "Intense water-window soft x-ray emission by spectral control using dual laser pulses," Opt. Express 26, 27748-27756 (2018)

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Abstract

We demonstrate intense emission in the water-window soft x-ray spectral region by controlling the spectral behavior through changing the balance between emissivity and self-absorption in an expanding plasma. The number of photons obtained from a dual laser irradiated target with a 150-ps pre-pulse was maximized at 3.8 × 10¹⁴ photons/sr in λ = 2.34 − 4.38 nm at a pulse separation time of 7 − 10 ns. Enhancement of the number of photons is attributed to efficient coupling with the main laser pulse while maintaining a tiny source size.

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References

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[Crossref]
R. Fazeli, “Enhanced X-ray emission from laser-produced gold plasma by double pulses irradiation of nano-porous targets,” Phys. Lett. A 381(5), 467–471 (2017).
[Crossref]
E. F. Barte, H. Hara, T. Tamura, T. Gisuji, W.-B. Chen, R. Lokasani, T. Hatano, T. Ejima, W. Jiang, C. Suzuki, B. Li, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, A. Sasaki, T. Higashiguchi, and J. Limpouch, “Characteristics of soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) emission from laser-produced highly charged rhodium ions,” J. Appl. Phys. 123(18), 183301 (2018).
[Crossref]
T.-H. Dinh, Y. Kondo, T. Tamura, Y. Ono, H. Hara, H. Oikawa, Y. Yamamoto, M. Ishino, M. Nishikino, T. Makimura, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, S. Ohta, K. Kitano, T. Ejima, T. Hatano, and T. Higashiguchi, “Evaluation of a flat-field grazing incidence spectrometer for highly charged ion plasma emission in soft x-ray spectral region from 1 to 10 nm,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87(12), 123106 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Higashiguchi, N. Dojyo, M. Hamada, W. Sasaki, and S. Kubodera, “Low-debris, efficient laser-produced plasma extreme ultraviolet source by use of a regenerative liquid microjet target containing tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(20), 201503 (2006).
[Crossref]
T. Higashiguchi, T. Otsuka, N. Yugami, W. Jiang, A. Endo, B. Li, D. Kilbane, P. Dunne, and G. O’Sullivan, “Extreme ultraviolet source at 6.7 nm based on a low-density plasma,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(19), 191502 (2011).
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S. Fujioka, H. Nishimura, K. Nishihara, M. Murakami, Y.-G. Kang, Q. Gu, K. Nagai, T. Norimatsu, N. Miyanaga, Y. Izawa, K. Mima, Y. Shimada, A. Sunahara, and H. Furukawa, “Properties of ion debris emitted from laser-produced mass-limited tin plasmas for extreme ultraviolet light source applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(24), 241503 (2005).
[Crossref]
T. Ando, S. Fujioka, H. Nishimura, N. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, K. Nagai, T. Norimatsu, M. Murakami, K. Nishihara, N. Miyanaga, Y. Izawa, K. Mima, and A. Sunahara, “Optimum laser pulse duration for efficient extreme ultraviolet light generation from laser-produced tin plasmas,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(15), 151501 (2006).
[Crossref]
T. Cummins, T. Otsuka, N. Yugami, W. Jiang, A. Endo, B. Li, C. O’Gorman, P. Dunne, E. Sokell, G. O’Sullivan, and T. Higashiguchi, “Optimizing conversion efficiency and reducing ion energy in a laser-produced Gd plasma,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(6), 061118 (2012).
[Crossref]
H. Tanaka, A. Matsumoto, K. Akinaga, A. Takahashi, and T. Okada, “Comparative study on emission characteristics of extreme ultraviolet radiation from CO2 and Nd:YAG laser-produced tin plasmas,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(4), 041503 (2005).
[Crossref]
T. Otsuka, D. Kilbane, T. Higashiguchi, N. Yugami, T. Yatagai, W. Jiang, A. Endo, P. Dunne, and G. O’Sullivan, “Systematic investigation of self-absorption and conversion efficiency of 6.7 nm extreme ultraviolet sources,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(23), 231503 (2010).
[Crossref]
T. Higashiguchi, B. Li, Y. Suzuki, M. Kawasaki, H. Ohashi, S. Torii, D. Nakamura, A. Takahashi, T. Okada, W. Jiang, T. Miura, A. Endo, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, and T. Makimura, “Characteristics of extreme ultraviolet emission from mid-infrared laser-produced rare-earth Gd plasmas,” Opt. Express 21(26), 31837–31845 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. Amano, T.-H. Dinh, A. Sasanuma, G. Arai, Y. Fujii, T. Hatano, T. Ejima, A. Sunahara, G. O’Sullivan, A. Takahashi, D. Nakamura, K. Sakaue, T. Miura, and T. Higashiguchi, “Influence of short pulse duration of carbon dioxide lasers on extreme ultraviolet emission from laser-produced plasmas,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.: Rapid Commun. 57(7), 070311 (2018).
[Crossref]
T. Higashiguchi, K. Kawasaki, W. Sasaki, and S. Kubodera, “Enhancement of extreme ultraviolet emission from a lithium plasma by use of dual laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(16), 161502 (2006).
[Crossref]
H. Hara, G. Arai, Y. Kondo, T.-H. Dinh, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, T. Ejima, T. Hatano, W. Jiang, M. Nishikino, A. Sasaki, A. Sunahara, and T. Higashiguchi, “Characteristics of the soft X-ray emission from laser-produced highly charged platinum plasmas,” Appl. Phys. Express 9(6), 066201 (2016).
[Crossref]
R. Lokasani, G. Arai, Y. Kondo, H. Hara, T.-H. Dinh, T. Ejima, T. Hatano, W. Jiang, T. Makimura, B. Li, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, T. Higashiguchi, and J. Limpouch, “Soft X-ray emission from molybdenum plasmas generated by dual laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(19), 194103 (2016).
[Crossref]
H. Hara, G. Arai, Y. Kondo, T.-H. Dinh, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, T. Ejima, T. Hatano, W. Jiang, M. Nishikino, A. Sasaki, A. Sunahara, and T. Higashiguchi, “Characteristics of the soft X-ray emission from laser-produced highly charged platinum plasmas,” Appl. Phys. Express 9(6), 066201 (2016).
[Crossref]
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[Crossref]
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[Crossref]
A. Sunahara, A. Sasaki, and K. Nishihara, “Two dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulation for extreme ultra-violet emission from laser-produced tin plasmas,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 112(Pt. 4), 042048 (2008).
[Crossref]
H. Hara, G. Arai, T.-H. Dinh, W. Jiang, T. Miura, A. Endo, T. Ejima, B. Li, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, A. Sunahara, and T. Higashiguchi, “Numerical evaluation of a 13.5-nm high-brightness microplasma extreme ultraviolet source,” J. Appl. Phys. 118(19), 193301 (2015).
[Crossref]
T.-H. Dinh, Y. Suzuki, G. Arai, B. Li, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, S. Fujioka, N. Hasegawa, T. Kawachi, M. Nishikino, and T. Higashiguchi, “Temporal behavior of unresolved transition array emission in water window soft x-ray spectral region from multiply charged ions,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(12), 121101 (2015).
[Crossref]

2018 (2)

E. F. Barte, H. Hara, T. Tamura, T. Gisuji, W.-B. Chen, R. Lokasani, T. Hatano, T. Ejima, W. Jiang, C. Suzuki, B. Li, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, A. Sasaki, T. Higashiguchi, and J. Limpouch, “Characteristics of soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) emission from laser-produced highly charged rhodium ions,” J. Appl. Phys. 123(18), 183301 (2018).
[Crossref]

R. Amano, T.-H. Dinh, A. Sasanuma, G. Arai, Y. Fujii, T. Hatano, T. Ejima, A. Sunahara, G. O’Sullivan, A. Takahashi, D. Nakamura, K. Sakaue, T. Miura, and T. Higashiguchi, “Influence of short pulse duration of carbon dioxide lasers on extreme ultraviolet emission from laser-produced plasmas,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.: Rapid Commun. 57(7), 070311 (2018).
[Crossref]

2017 (2)

R. Fazeli, “Enhanced X-ray emission from laser-produced gold plasma by double pulses irradiation of nano-porous targets,” Phys. Lett. A 381(5), 467–471 (2017).
[Crossref]

T. Hatano, T. Ejima, and T. Tsuru, “Cr/Sc/Mo multilayer for condenser optics in water window microscopes,” J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 220, 14–16 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (6)

T. Wu, T. Higashiguchi, B. Li, G. Arai, H. Hara, Y. Kondo, T. Miyazaki, T.-H. Dinh, P. Dunne, F. O’Reilly, E. Sokell, and G. O’Sullivan, “Spectral investigation of highly ionized bismuth plasmas produced by subnanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 49(3), 035001 (2016).
[Crossref]

T.-H. Dinh, Y. Kondo, T. Tamura, Y. Ono, H. Hara, H. Oikawa, Y. Yamamoto, M. Ishino, M. Nishikino, T. Makimura, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, S. Ohta, K. Kitano, T. Ejima, T. Hatano, and T. Higashiguchi, “Evaluation of a flat-field grazing incidence spectrometer for highly charged ion plasma emission in soft x-ray spectral region from 1 to 10 nm,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87(12), 123106 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Sasaki, A. Sunahara, K. Nishihara, and T. Nishikawa, “Investigation of the ionization balance of bismuth-to-tin plasmas for the extreme ultraviolet light source based on a computer-generated collisional radiative model,” AIP Adv. 6(10), 105002 (2016).
[Crossref]

H. Hara, G. Arai, Y. Kondo, T.-H. Dinh, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, T. Ejima, T. Hatano, W. Jiang, M. Nishikino, A. Sasaki, A. Sunahara, and T. Higashiguchi, “Characteristics of the soft X-ray emission from laser-produced highly charged platinum plasmas,” Appl. Phys. Express 9(6), 066201 (2016).
[Crossref]

R. Lokasani, G. Arai, Y. Kondo, H. Hara, T.-H. Dinh, T. Ejima, T. Hatano, W. Jiang, T. Makimura, B. Li, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, T. Higashiguchi, and J. Limpouch, “Soft X-ray emission from molybdenum plasmas generated by dual laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(19), 194103 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (2)

H. Hara, G. Arai, T.-H. Dinh, W. Jiang, T. Miura, A. Endo, T. Ejima, B. Li, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, A. Sunahara, and T. Higashiguchi, “Numerical evaluation of a 13.5-nm high-brightness microplasma extreme ultraviolet source,” J. Appl. Phys. 118(19), 193301 (2015).
[Crossref]

T.-H. Dinh, Y. Suzuki, G. Arai, B. Li, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, S. Fujioka, N. Hasegawa, T. Kawachi, M. Nishikino, and T. Higashiguchi, “Temporal behavior of unresolved transition array emission in water window soft x-ray spectral region from multiply charged ions,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(12), 121101 (2015).
[Crossref]

2014 (1)

H. Ohashi, T. Higashiguchi, Y. Suzuki, G. Arai, Y. Otani, T. Yatagai, B. Li, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, W. Jiang, A. Endo, H. A. Sakaue, D. Kato, I. Murakami, N. Tamura, S. Sudo, F. Koike, and C. Suzuki, “Quasi-Moseley’s law for strong narrow bandwidth soft x-ray sources containing higher charge-state ions,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(23), 234107 (2014).
[Crossref]

2013 (4)

B. Li, T. Higashiguchi, T. Otsuka, W. Jiang, A. Endo, P. Dunne, and G. O’Sullivan, ““Water window” sources: Selection based on the interplay of spectral properties and multilayer reflection bandwidth,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 102(4), 041117 (2013).
[Crossref]

A. Sasaki, “Construction of a collisional radiative model of complex multiple charged ions for mid- to high-Z elements,” High Energy Density Phys. 9(2), 325–335 (2013).
[Crossref]

B. A. Reagan, W. Li, L. Urbanski, K. A. Wernsing, C. Salsbury, C. Baumgarten, M. C. Marconi, C. S. Menoni, and J. J. Rocca, “Hour-long continuous operation of a tabletop soft x-ray laser at 50-100 Hz repetition rate,” Opt. Express 21(23), 28380–28386 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Higashiguchi, B. Li, Y. Suzuki, M. Kawasaki, H. Ohashi, S. Torii, D. Nakamura, A. Takahashi, T. Okada, W. Jiang, T. Miura, A. Endo, P. Dunne, G. O’Sullivan, and T. Makimura, “Characteristics of extreme ultraviolet emission from mid-infrared laser-produced rare-earth Gd plasmas,” Opt. Express 21(26), 31837–31845 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (2)

T. Cummins, T. Otsuka, N. Yugami, W. Jiang, A. Endo, B. Li, C. O’Gorman, P. Dunne, E. Sokell, G. O’Sullivan, and T. Higashiguchi, “Optimizing conversion efficiency and reducing ion energy in a laser-produced Gd plasma,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(6), 061118 (2012).
[Crossref]

T. Higashiguchi, T. Otsuka, N. Yugami, W. Jiang, A. Endo, B. Li, P. Dunne, and G. O’Sullivan, “Feasibility study of broadband efficient “water window” source,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(1), 014103 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (1)

T. Higashiguchi, T. Otsuka, N. Yugami, W. Jiang, A. Endo, B. Li, D. Kilbane, P. Dunne, and G. O’Sullivan, “Extreme ultraviolet source at 6.7 nm based on a low-density plasma,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(19), 191502 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (1)

T. Otsuka, D. Kilbane, T. Higashiguchi, N. Yugami, T. Yatagai, W. Jiang, A. Endo, P. Dunne, and G. O’Sullivan, “Systematic investigation of self-absorption and conversion efficiency of 6.7 nm extreme ultraviolet sources,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(23), 231503 (2010).
[Crossref]

2008 (2)

A. Sunahara, A. Sasaki, and K. Nishihara, “Two dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulation for extreme ultra-violet emission from laser-produced tin plasmas,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 112(Pt. 4), 042048 (2008).
[Crossref]

E. J. Takahashi, T. Kanai, K. L. Ishikawa, Y. Nabekawa, and K. Midorikawa, “Coherent Water Window X Ray by Phase-Matched High-Order Harmonic Generation in Neutral Media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(25), 253901 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (1)

P. A. C. Takman, H. Stollberg, G. A. Johansson, A. Holmberg, M. Lindblom, and H. M. Hertz, “High-resolution compact X-ray microscopy,” J. Microsc. 226(2), 175–181 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (3)

T. Higashiguchi, K. Kawasaki, W. Sasaki, and S. Kubodera, “Enhancement of extreme ultraviolet emission from a lithium plasma by use of dual laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(16), 161502 (2006).
[Crossref]

T. Ando, S. Fujioka, H. Nishimura, N. Ueda, Y. Yasuda, K. Nagai, T. Norimatsu, M. Murakami, K. Nishihara, N. Miyanaga, Y. Izawa, K. Mima, and A. Sunahara, “Optimum laser pulse duration for efficient extreme ultraviolet light generation from laser-produced tin plasmas,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(15), 151501 (2006).
[Crossref]

T. Higashiguchi, N. Dojyo, M. Hamada, W. Sasaki, and S. Kubodera, “Low-debris, efficient laser-produced plasma extreme ultraviolet source by use of a regenerative liquid microjet target containing tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(20), 201503 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (5)

S. Fujioka, H. Nishimura, K. Nishihara, M. Murakami, Y.-G. Kang, Q. Gu, K. Nagai, T. Norimatsu, N. Miyanaga, Y. Izawa, K. Mima, Y. Shimada, A. Sunahara, and H. Furukawa, “Properties of ion debris emitted from laser-produced mass-limited tin plasmas for extreme ultraviolet light source applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(24), 241503 (2005).
[Crossref]

T. Higashiguchi, C. Rajyaguru, S. Kubodera, W. Sasaki, N. Yugami, T. Kikuchi, S. Kawata, and A. Andreev, “Efficient soft x-ray emission source at 13.5 nm by use of a femtosecond-laser-produced Li-based microplasma,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(23), 231502 (2005).
[Crossref]

P. A. C. Jansson, U. Vogt, and H. M. Hertz, “Liquid-nitrogen-jet laser-plasma source for compact soft x-ray microscopy,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76(4), 043503 (2005).
[Crossref]

H. Tanaka, A. Matsumoto, K. Akinaga, A. Takahashi, and T. Okada, “Comparative study on emission characteristics of extreme ultraviolet radiation from CO2 and Nd:YAG laser-produced tin plasmas,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(4), 041503 (2005).
[Crossref]

W. Chao, B. D. Harteneck, J. A. Liddle, E. H. Anderson, and D. T. Attwood, “Soft X-ray microscopy at a spatial resolution better than 15 nm,” Nature 435(7046), 1210–1213 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (2)

M. Nishikino, M. Tanaka, K. Nagashima, M. Kishimoto, M. Kado, T. Kawachi, K. Sukegawa, Y. Ochi, N. Hasegawa, and Y. Kato, “Demonstration of a soft-x-ray laser at 13.9 nm with full spatial coherence,” Phys. Rev. A 68(6), 061802 (R) (2003).

E. A. Gibson, A. Paul, N. Wagner, R. Tobey, D. Gaudiosi, S. Backus, I. P. Christov, A. Aquila, E. M. Gullikson, D. T. Attwood, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, “Coherent soft x-ray generation in the water window with quasi-phase matching,” Science 302(5642), 95–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (1)

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AIP Adv. (1)

Appl. Phys. Express (2)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (15)

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J. Appl. Phys. (2)

J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. (1)

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J. Microsc. (1)

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J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. (2)

J. Phys. Conf. Ser. (1)

J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. (1)

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Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.: Rapid Commun. (1)

Nature (1)

Opt. Express (2)

Phys. Lett. A (1)

R. Fazeli, “Enhanced X-ray emission from laser-produced gold plasma by double pulses irradiation of nano-porous targets,” Phys. Lett. A 381(5), 467–471 (2017).
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Phys. Rev. A (1)

Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. (1)

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

Proc. SPIE (1)

K. Sakano and M. Yamamoto, “Development of soft x-ray multilayer mirrors for a wavelength of 3 nm,” Proc. SPIE 3767, 238–241 (1999).
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Rev. Sci. Instrum. (2)

P. A. C. Jansson, U. Vogt, and H. M. Hertz, “Liquid-nitrogen-jet laser-plasma source for compact soft x-ray microscopy,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76(4), 043503 (2005).
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Science (2)

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Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus.

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Fig. 2 Pulse separation time dependence of the soft x-ray emission from dual-laser-produced plasmas for pre-pulse durations of 10 ns (a) and 150 ps (b), respectively. Pulse separation time dependences of the number of photons in the water-window soft x-ray spectral region (2.34 − 4.38 nm) at pre-pulse durations of 10 ns (c) and 150 ps (d), and the relative spectral intensity enhancement [I(λ) − I₀(λ)] / I₀(λ) = ΔI(λ) / I₀(λ) for pre-pulses of 10 ns duration (e) and 150 ps duration (f).

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Fig. 3 Calculated electron temperature dependence of the radiation emissivity coefficient η_ν (a) and absorption coefficient κ’(ν) (b) of Bi at an electron density of 1 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³ obtained using the CR model, where ν is the frequency of the soft x-ray emission.

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Fig. 4 Time-integrated pinhole images of soft x-ray emission without the pre-pulse (a) and with the 150-ps pre-pulse at pulse separation times of 7 ns (b) and 100 ns (c).

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