Direct detection of polarization multiplexed single sideband signals with orthogonal offset carriers

Yixiao Zhu; Mingxuan Jiang; Fan Zhang

doi:10.1364/OE.26.015887

Direct detection of polarization multiplexed single sideband signals with orthogonal offset carriers

Yixiao Zhu, Mingxuan Jiang, and Fan Zhang

Optics Express
Vol. 26,
Issue 12,
pp. 15887-15898
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.015887

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Yixiao Zhu, Mingxuan Jiang, and Fan Zhang, "Direct detection of polarization multiplexed single sideband signals with orthogonal offset carriers," Opt. Express 26, 15887-15898 (2018)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Optical Communications
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Fiber optics communications (060.2330)
- Multiplexing (060.4230)
- Heterodyne (060.2840)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 21, 2018
- Revised Manuscript: May 26, 2018
- Manuscript Accepted: May 27, 2018
- Published: June 8, 2018

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

We propose a novel direct detection (DD) scheme for polarization division multiplexed (PDM) single sideband (SSB) signals with two orthogonal carriers located at the opposite sides. Polarization diversity is realized with a pair of optical filters that are used to suppress the unwanted orthogonal carrier component. A PDM-SSB DD receiver is thus constructed without polarization de-rotation. The intra-polarization signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) can be mitigated by Kramers-Kronig detection or iterative SSBI cancellation. For inter-polarization SSBI mitigation, we propose a joint iterative SSBI cancellation method. The proposed PDM-SSB DD scheme is validated with a principle experiment of 40Gbaud PDM-SSB 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals. After 80km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission, the bit-error rates (BERs) achieve 20% hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 1.5 × 10⁻². The performance of iterative SSBI cancellation, Kramers-Kronig detection, and joint iterative SSBI cancellation are evaluated for PDM-SSB signals with different carrier-to-signal ratios (CSPRs) through numerical simulations. Moreover, a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) equalization scheme is proposed and validated with numerical simulation, which can suppress the linear inter-polarization crosstalk and relax the sharpness requirement of optical filter edges.

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References

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Publication

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2010 (3)

A. A. Amin, H. Takahashi, I. Morita, and H. Tanaka, “100-Gb/s direct-detection OFDM transmission on independent polarization tributaries,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 22(7), 468–470 (2010).
[Crossref]

X. Zhou, “An improved feed-forward carrier recovery algorithm for coherent receiver with M-QAM modulation format,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 22(14), 1051–1053 (2010).
[Crossref]

D. Qian, N. Cvijetic, J. Hu, and T. Wang, “108 Gb/s OFDMA-PON with polarization multiplexing and direct detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28(4), 484–493 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (2)

W. Peng, X. Wu, V. R. Arbab, K. Feng, B. Shamee, L. C. Christen, J. Yang, and A. E. Willner, “Theoretical and experimental investigations of direct-detected RF-tone assisted optical OFDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(10), 1332–1339 (2009).
[Crossref]

W. R. Peng, X. Wu, K. M. Feng, V. R. Arbab, B. Shamee, J. Y. Yang, L. C. Christen, A. E. Willner, and S. Chi, “Spectrally efficient direct-detected OFDM transmission employing an iterative estimation and cancellation technique,” Opt. Express 17(11), 9099–9111 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Agmon, A.

Alves, T. M. F.

Amin, A. A.

Antonelli, C.

A. Mecozzi, C. Antonelli, and M. Shtaif, “Kramers-kronig coherent receiver,” Optica 3(11), 1220–1227 (2016).
[Crossref]

Arbab, V. R.

Aref, V.

Bayvel, P.

Buchali, F.

Buelow, H.

Cartaxo, A. V. T.

Chagnon, M.

Chandrasekhar, S.

Che, D.

D. Che, C. Sun, and W. Shieh, “Direct detection of the optical field beyond single polarization mode,” Opt. Express 26(3), 3368–3380 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Che, Q. Hu, and W. Shieh, “Linearization of direct detection optical channels using self-coherent subsystems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 516–524 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. Che, A. Li, X. Chen, Q. Hu, Y. Wang, and W. Shieh, “Stokes Vector Direct Detection for Linear Complex Optical Channels,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(3), 678–684 (2015).
[Crossref]

Chen, X.

D. Che, A. Li, X. Chen, Q. Hu, Y. Wang, and W. Shieh, “Stokes Vector Direct Detection for Linear Complex Optical Channels,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(3), 678–684 (2015).
[Crossref]

Chen, Z.

Chi, N.

Chi, S.

Christen, L. C.

Cvijetic, N.

D. Qian, N. Cvijetic, J. Hu, and T. Wang, “108 Gb/s OFDMA-PON with polarization multiplexing and direct detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28(4), 484–493 (2010).
[Crossref]

Dischler, R.

El-Fiky, E.

Engenhardt, K. M.

Erkilinç, M.

Fan, S.

Feng, K.

Feng, K. M.

Galdino, L.

Hoang, T. M.

Hu, J.

D. Qian, N. Cvijetic, J. Hu, and T. Wang, “108 Gb/s OFDMA-PON with polarization multiplexing and direct detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28(4), 484–493 (2010).
[Crossref]

Hu, Q.

D. Che, Q. Hu, and W. Shieh, “Linearization of direct detection optical channels using self-coherent subsystems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 516–524 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. Che, A. Li, X. Chen, Q. Hu, Y. Wang, and W. Shieh, “Stokes Vector Direct Detection for Linear Complex Optical Channels,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(3), 678–684 (2015).
[Crossref]

Huo, J.

Killey, R.

Lau, A. P. T.

Le, S. T.

Li, A.

D. Che, A. Li, X. Chen, Q. Hu, Y. Wang, and W. Shieh, “Stokes Vector Direct Detection for Linear Complex Optical Channels,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(3), 678–684 (2015).
[Crossref]

Li, Z.

Liu, G. N.

G. N. Liu, L. Zhang, T. Zuo, and Q. Zhang, “IM/DD transmission techniques for emerging 5G fronthaul, DCI and metro applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 36(2), 560–567 (2018).
[Crossref]

Lu, C.

Mecozzi, A.

A. Mecozzi, C. Antonelli, and M. Shtaif, “Kramers-kronig coherent receiver,” Optica 3(11), 1220–1227 (2016).
[Crossref]

Mendes, L. M. M.

Morita, I.

Morsy-Osman, M.

Nazarathy, M.

Peng, W.

Peng, W. R.

Plant, D. V.

Qian, D.

D. Qian, N. Cvijetic, J. Hu, and T. Wang, “108 Gb/s OFDMA-PON with polarization multiplexing and direct detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28(4), 484–493 (2010).
[Crossref]

Schuh, K.

Shamee, B.

Shi, J.

Shi, K.

Shieh, W.

D. Che, C. Sun, and W. Shieh, “Direct detection of the optical field beyond single polarization mode,” Opt. Express 26(3), 3368–3380 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Che, Q. Hu, and W. Shieh, “Linearization of direct detection optical channels using self-coherent subsystems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 516–524 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. Che, A. Li, X. Chen, Q. Hu, Y. Wang, and W. Shieh, “Stokes Vector Direct Detection for Linear Complex Optical Channels,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(3), 678–684 (2015).
[Crossref]

Shtaif, M.

A. Mecozzi, C. Antonelli, and M. Shtaif, “Kramers-kronig coherent receiver,” Optica 3(11), 1220–1227 (2016).
[Crossref]

Sillekens, E.

Sowailem, M. Y. S.

Sun, C.

D. Che, C. Sun, and W. Shieh, “Direct detection of the optical field beyond single polarization mode,” Opt. Express 26(3), 3368–3380 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Takahashi, H.

Tanaka, H.

Thomsen, B.

Wang, T.

D. Qian, N. Cvijetic, J. Hu, and T. Wang, “108 Gb/s OFDMA-PON with polarization multiplexing and direct detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28(4), 484–493 (2010).
[Crossref]

Wang, Y.

D. Che, A. Li, X. Chen, Q. Hu, Y. Wang, and W. Shieh, “Stokes Vector Direct Detection for Linear Complex Optical Channels,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(3), 678–684 (2015).
[Crossref]

Willner, A. E.

Winzer, P. J.

Wu, X.

Xiang, M.

Xing, Z.

Yang, J.

Yang, J. Y.

Yu, C.

Yu, J.

Zhang, F.

Zhang, J.

Zhang, L.

G. N. Liu, L. Zhang, T. Zuo, and Q. Zhang, “IM/DD transmission techniques for emerging 5G fronthaul, DCI and metro applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 36(2), 560–567 (2018).
[Crossref]

Zhang, Q.

G. N. Liu, L. Zhang, T. Zuo, and Q. Zhang, “IM/DD transmission techniques for emerging 5G fronthaul, DCI and metro applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 36(2), 560–567 (2018).
[Crossref]

Zhong, K.

Zhou, X.

X. Zhou, “An improved feed-forward carrier recovery algorithm for coherent receiver with M-QAM modulation format,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 22(14), 1051–1053 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zhou, Y.

Zhu, Y.

Zhuge, Q.

Zou, K.

Zuo, T.

G. N. Liu, L. Zhang, T. Zuo, and Q. Zhang, “IM/DD transmission techniques for emerging 5G fronthaul, DCI and metro applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 36(2), 560–567 (2018).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. (2)

X. Zhou, “An improved feed-forward carrier recovery algorithm for coherent receiver with M-QAM modulation format,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 22(14), 1051–1053 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (12)

G. N. Liu, L. Zhang, T. Zuo, and Q. Zhang, “IM/DD transmission techniques for emerging 5G fronthaul, DCI and metro applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 36(2), 560–567 (2018).
[Crossref]

D. Che, Q. Hu, and W. Shieh, “Linearization of direct detection optical channels using self-coherent subsystems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 516–524 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. Qian, N. Cvijetic, J. Hu, and T. Wang, “108 Gb/s OFDMA-PON with polarization multiplexing and direct detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28(4), 484–493 (2010).
[Crossref]

D. Che, A. Li, X. Chen, Q. Hu, Y. Wang, and W. Shieh, “Stokes Vector Direct Detection for Linear Complex Optical Channels,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(3), 678–684 (2015).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (4)

D. Che, C. Sun, and W. Shieh, “Direct detection of the optical field beyond single polarization mode,” Opt. Express 26(3), 3368–3380 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (1)

Optica (1)

A. Mecozzi, C. Antonelli, and M. Shtaif, “Kramers-kronig coherent receiver,” Optica 3(11), 1220–1227 (2016).
[Crossref]

Other (4)

W. Peng, K. Feng, and A. E. Willner, “Direct-detected polarization division multiplexed OFDM systems with self-polarization diversity,” Proc. LEOS, paper. MH3(2008).
[Crossref]

D. Che, C. Sun, and W. Shieh, “Single-channel 480-Gb/s direct detection of POL-MUX IQ signal using single-sideband Stokes vector receiver,” Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Tu2C.7 (2018).
[Crossref]

X. Chen, C. Antonelli, S. Chandrasekhar, G. Raybon, J. Sinsky, A. Mecozzi, M. Shtaif, and P. Winzer, “218-Gb/s single-wavelength, single-polarization, single-photodiode transmission over 125-km of standard single-mode fiber using Kramers-Kronig detection,” Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Paper Th5B.6 (2017).

R. Ryf, S. Randel, N. K. Fontaine, M. Montoliu, E. Burrows, S. Chandrasekhar, A. H. Gnauck, C. Xie, R. Essiambre, P. Winzer, R. Delbue, P. Pupalaikis, A. Sureka, Y. Sun, L. Gruner-Nielsen, R. V. Jensen, and R. Lingle, “32-bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency WDM transmission over 177-km few-mode fiber,” Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, PDP5A.1(2013).

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Fig. 1 (a) Bias induced carrier generation scheme. (b) Digital virtual carrier generation scheme. (c) Optical carrier generation scheme. (d) Reception principle of the optical filter based PDM DD scheme. ECL: external cavity laser; OFCG: optical frequency comb generator; SP: single polarization; Mod.: modulator; PBC: polarization beam combiner; AWG: arbitrary waveform generator; DP: dual polarization; PM-OC: polarization-maintaining optical coupler; OBPF: optical band-pass filter; Pol.: polarization.

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Fig. 2 DSP flows of (a) Iterative SSBI cancellation; (b) Kramers-Kronig detection; (c) Joint iterative SSBI cancellation.

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Fig. 3 Experimental setup. AWG: arbitrary waveform generator; ECL: external cavity laser; Mod.: modulator; PM-EDFA: polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber amplifier; OC: optical coupler; PBC: polarization beam combiner; SSMF: standard single-mode fiber; OBPF: optical band-pass filter; PD: photodiode; EA: electrical amplifier; DSO: digital storage oscilloscope.

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Fig. 4 (a) Transmitter side DSP. (b) Receiver side DSP; (c) Frame structure of transmitted signal. RRC: root raise cosine, Pre CD comp.: chromatic dispersion pre-compensation.

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Fig. 5 (a) Optical spectra at the transmitter. (b) Transmitted and received optical spectra. (c) Optical spectrum of the OBPF in our experiment. The resolution is set as 0.02nm.

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Fig. 6 (a) Measured BERs of X/Y polarization versus total launch power after 80km SSMF transmission. SSBI-C = 0: without SSBI compensation; KK: with KK detection; SSBI-C = 2: with joint iterative SSBI cancellation. (b)&(c) Typical constellations of X/Y polarizations without SSBI compensation at 12dBm launch power. (d)&(e) Typical constellations of X/Y polarization with KK detection at 12dBm launch power. (f)&(g) Typical constellations of X/Y polarizations with joint iterative SSBI cancellation. Pol.: polarization; w/o: without; w/: with.

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Fig. 7 (a) Measured BERs versus OSNR for PDM/SP signal at BTB scenario, respectively. SSBI-C = 0: without SSBI compensation; KK: with KK detection; SSBI = 2: with joint iterative SSBI cancellation. (b)&(c) Typical constellations of X/Y polarizations without SSBI compensation for PDM signals. (d)&(e) Typical constellations of X/Y polarizations with KK detection for PDM signals. (f)&(g) Typical constellations of X/Y polarizations with joint iterative SSBI cancellation. The OSNR are all fixed as 52dB. Pol.: polarization; SP: single polarization; w/o: without; w/: with.

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Fig. 8 (a) Simulated BERs versus OSNR for PDM-SSB signals with different CSPRs at BTB. SSBI-C = 0: without SSBI cancellation; SSBI-C = 1: with iterative SSBI cancellation; SSBI-C = 2, with joint iterative SSBI cancellation; KK, with KK detection. (b)-(e) Typical constellations of a 10dB CSPR signal at 45dB OSNR without SSBI cancellation, with iterative SSBI cancellation, with KK detection, and with joint iterative SSBI cancellation, respectively.

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Fig. 9 (a) DSP flow of the modified MIMO equalization. Conj(·): conjugation operation; RLS: recursive least square algorithm. (b) Simulated BERs versus OSNR of a 12dB CSPR signal with 4th-order Gaussian OBPF at BTB. (c)-(f) Typical constellations of a 12dB CSPR signal at 45dB OSNR without SSBI cancellation, with KK detection, with joint iterative SSBI cancellation, and with both joint SSBI cancellation and MIMO equalization, respectively.

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Fig. 10 (a) Simulated BERs versus OSNR with different OBPF orders with/without MIMO equalization at BTB. (b) Simulated BERs versus OSNR with different guard bands with/without MIMO equalization at BTB. w/o: without; w/: with.

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

\begin{array}{l} I_{1} = {| S_{x} + C_{x} |}^{2} + {| S_{y} + C_{y} / α |}^{2} \\ = {| C_{x} |}^{2} + {| C_{y} / α |}^{2} + 2 Re {S_{x} C_{x}^{*}} + 2 Re {S_{y}^{*} C_{y}} / α + {| S_{x} |}^{2} + {| S_{y} |}^{2} . \end{array}

\begin{array}{l} I_{2} = {| S_{x} + C_{x} / α |}^{2} + {| S_{y} + C_{y} |}^{2} \\ = {| C_{y} |}^{2} + {| C_{x} / α |}^{2} + 2 Re {S_{y} C_{y}^{*}} + 2 Re {S_{x}^{*} C_{x}} / α + {| S_{x} |}^{2} + {| S_{y} |}^{2} . \end{array}

I_{1} = {| C_{x} + S_{x} |}^{2} + {| S_{y} |}^{2} = {| C_{x} |}^{2} + 2 Re {S_{x} \cdot C_{x}^{*}} + {| S_{x} |}^{2} + {| S_{y} |}^{2} .

I_{2} = {| S_{x} |}^{2} + {| C_{y} + S_{y} |}^{2} = {| C_{y} |}^{2} + 2 Re {S_{y} \cdot C_{y}^{*}} + {| S_{y} |}^{2} + {| S_{x} |}^{2} .

C S P R (d B) = 10 \cdot \log_{10} \frac{P_{x - c a r r i e r} + P_{y - c a r r i e r}}{P_{x - s i g n a l} + P_{y - s i g n a l}} .

t_{1} = (\begin{matrix} t_{x} \\ 0 \end{matrix}), t_{2} = (\begin{matrix} 0 \\ t_{y} \end{matrix}), t_{x} = t_{y} .

Abstract

References

2018 (4)

2017 (5)

2016 (3)

2015 (2)

2013 (1)

2010 (3)

2009 (2)

Agmon, A.

Alves, T. M. F.

Amin, A. A.

Antonelli, C.

Arbab, V. R.

Aref, V.

Bayvel, P.

Buchali, F.

Buelow, H.

Cartaxo, A. V. T.

Chagnon, M.

Chandrasekhar, S.

Che, D.

Chen, X.

Chen, Z.

Chi, N.

Chi, S.

Christen, L. C.

Cvijetic, N.

Dischler, R.

El-Fiky, E.

Engenhardt, K. M.

Erkilinç, M.

Fan, S.

Feng, K.

Feng, K. M.

Galdino, L.

Hoang, T. M.

Hu, J.

Hu, Q.

Huo, J.

Killey, R.

Lau, A. P. T.

Le, S. T.

Li, A.

Li, Z.

Liu, G. N.

Lu, C.

Mecozzi, A.

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