Abstract

A new ultrafast all-optical solid-state framing camera (UASFC) capable of single-shot ultrafast imaging is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is composed of an ultrafast semiconductor chip (USC), an optical time-series system (TSS), and a spatial mapping device (SMD) with an USC to transform signal beam information to the probe beam, a TSS to convert the time axis to wavelength-polarization, and a SMD to map wavelength-polarization image to different spatial positions. In our recent proof-of-principle experiment, better performance than ever of this technique is confirmed by giving six frames with ~3 ps temporal resolution and ~30 lp/mm spatial resolution.

© 2017 Optical Society of America

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2017 (1)

J. Liang, C. Ma, L. Zhu, Y. Chen, L. Gao, and L. V. Wang, “Single-shot real-time video recording of a photonic Mach cone induced by a scattered light pulse,” Sci. Adv. 3(1), e1601814 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2016 (3)

B. Dai, R. Zhuo, S. Yin, M. Lv, R. Hong, Q. Wang, D. Zhang, and X. Wang, “Ultrafast imaging with anti-aliasing based on optical time-division multiplexing,” Opt. Lett. 41(5), 882–885 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. K. L. Man, A. Margiolakis, S. Deckoff-Jones, T. Harada, E. L. Wong, M. B. M. Krishna, J. Madéo, A. Winchester, S. Lei, R. Vajtai, P. M. Ajayan, and K. M. Dani, “Imaging the motion of electrons across semiconductor heterojunctions,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 12(1), 36–40 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Mikami, L. Gao, and K. Goda, “Ultrafast optical imaging technology: principles and applications of emerging methods,” Nanophotonics 5(4), 497–509 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (1)

2014 (3)

L. Gao, J. Liang, C. Li, and L. V. Wang, “Single-shot compressed ultrafast photography at one hundred billion frames per second,” Nature 516(7529), 74–77 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Nakagawa, A. Iwasaki, Y. Oishi, R. Horisaki, A. Tsukamoto, A. Nakamura, K. Hirosawa, H. Liao, T. Ushida, K. Goda, F. Kannari, and I. Sakuma, “Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP),” Nat. Photonics 8(9), 695–700 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. R. Rygg, O. S. Jones, J. E. Field, M. A. Barrios, L. R. Benedetti, G. W. Collins, D. C. Eder, M. J. Edwards, J. L. Kline, J. J. Kroll, O. L. Landen, T. Ma, A. Pak, J. L. Peterson, K. Raman, R. P. J. Town, and D. K. Bradley, “2D X-ray radiography of imploding capsules at the national ignition facility,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(19), 195001 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (2)

E. D. Diebold, B. W. Buckley, D. R. Gossett, and B. Jalali, “Digitally synthesized beat frequency multiplexing for sub-millisecond fluorescence microscopy,” Nat. Photonics 7(10), 806–810 (2013).
[Crossref]

K. L. Baker, R. E. Stewart, P. T. Steele, S. P. Vernon, W. W. Hsing, and B. A. Remington, “Solid-state framing camera with multiple time frames,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(15), 151111 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (3)

K. L. Baker, R. E. Stewart, P. T. Steele, S. P. Vernon, and W. W. Hsing, “Ultrafast semiconductor x-ray detector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(3), 031107 (2012).
[Crossref]

N. H. Matlis, A. Axley, and W. P. Leemans, “Single-shot ultrafast tomographic imaging by spectral multiplexing,” Nat. Commun. 3, 1111 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Y. Wong, R. M. Alvey, D. B. Turner, K. E. Wilk, D. A. Bryant, P. M. G. Curmi, R. J. Silbey, and G. D. Scholes, “Electronic coherence lineshapes reveal hidden excitonic correlations in photosynthetic light harvesting,” Nat. Chem. 4(5), 396–404 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (1)

P. Hockett, C. Z. Bisgaard, O. J. Clarkin, and A. Stolow, “Time-resolved imaging of purely valence-electron dynamics during a chemical reaction,” Nat. Phys. 7(8), 612–615 (2011).
[Crossref]

2009 (1)

K. Goda, K. K. Tsia, and B. Jalali, “Serial time-encoded amplified imaging for real-time observation of fast dynamic phenomena,” Nature 458(7242), 1145–1149 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (1)

A. Barty, S. Boutet, M. J. Bogan, S. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, N. Stojanovic, R. Tobey, H. Ehrke, A. Cavalleri, S. Düsterer, M. Frank, S. Bajt, B. W. Woods, M. M. Seibert, J. Hajdu, R. Treusch, and H. N. Chapma, “Ultrafast single-shot diffraction imaging of nanoscale dynamics,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 415–419 (2008).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

M. M. Shakya and Z. Chang, “Single-shot ultrafast tomographic imaging by spectral multiplexing,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 041103 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (2)

M. E. Lowry, C. V. Bennett, S. P. Vernon, T. C. Bond, R. Welty, E. M. Behymer, H. E. Petersen, A. Krey, R. E. Stewart, N. P. Kobayashi, V. R. Sperry, P. L. Stephan, C. Reinhardt, S. Simpson, P. Stratton, R. M. Bionta, M. A. McKernan, E. Ables, L. L. Ott, S. W. Bond, J. Ayers, O. L. Landen, and P. M. Bell, “RadSensor: x-ray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam,” Proc. SPIE 5194, 193 (2004).
[Crossref]

M. E. Lowry, C. V. Bennett, S. P. Vernon, R. Stewart, R. J. Welty, J. Heebner, O. L. Landen, and P. M. Bell, “X-ray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam—Radsensor: Progress on development for imaging applications,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75(10), 3995–3997 (2004).
[Crossref]

2001 (2)

O. L. Landen, D. R. Farley, S. G. Glendinning, L. M. Logory, P. M. Bell, J. A. Koch, F. D. Lee, D. K. Bradley, D. H. Kalantar, C. A. Back, and R. E. Turner, “X-ray backlighting for the National Ignition Facility (invited),” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72(1), 627–634 (2001).
[Crossref]

R. Kodama, P. A. Norreys, K. Mima, A. E. Dangor, R. G. Evans, H. Fujita, Y. Kitagawa, K. Krushelnick, T. Miyakoshi, N. Miyanaga, T. Norimatsu, S. J. Rose, T. Shozaki, K. Shigemori, A. Sunahara, M. Tampo, K. A. Tanaka, Y. Toyama, T. Yamanaka, and M. Zepf, “Fast heating of ultrahigh-density plasma as a step towards laser fusion ignition,” Nature 412(6849), 798–802 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1997 (1)

1996 (1)

Z. Chang, A. Rundquist, J. Zhou, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, X. Liu, B. Shan, J. Liu, L. Niu, M. Gong, and X. Zhang, “Demonstration of a sub-picosecond x-ray streak camera,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 69(1), 133–135 (1996).
[Crossref]

1995 (1)

D. K. Bradley, P. M. Bell, O. L. Landen, J. D. Kilkenny, and J. Oertel, “Development and characterization of a pair of 30–40 ps x‐ray framing cameras,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66(1), 716–718 (1995).
[Crossref]

1991 (2)

J. D. Kilkenny, “High speed proximity focused X-ray cameras,” Laser Part. Beams 9(01), 49–69 (1991).
[Crossref]

P. M. Bell, J. D. Kilkenny, R. L. Hanks, and O. L. Landen, “Measurements with a 35-psec gate time microchannel plate camera,” Proc. SPIE 1346, 456 (1991).
[Crossref]

Ables, E.

M. E. Lowry, C. V. Bennett, S. P. Vernon, T. C. Bond, R. Welty, E. M. Behymer, H. E. Petersen, A. Krey, R. E. Stewart, N. P. Kobayashi, V. R. Sperry, P. L. Stephan, C. Reinhardt, S. Simpson, P. Stratton, R. M. Bionta, M. A. McKernan, E. Ables, L. L. Ott, S. W. Bond, J. Ayers, O. L. Landen, and P. M. Bell, “RadSensor: x-ray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam,” Proc. SPIE 5194, 193 (2004).
[Crossref]

Ajayan, P. M.

M. K. L. Man, A. Margiolakis, S. Deckoff-Jones, T. Harada, E. L. Wong, M. B. M. Krishna, J. Madéo, A. Winchester, S. Lei, R. Vajtai, P. M. Ajayan, and K. M. Dani, “Imaging the motion of electrons across semiconductor heterojunctions,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 12(1), 36–40 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Alvey, R. M.

C. Y. Wong, R. M. Alvey, D. B. Turner, K. E. Wilk, D. A. Bryant, P. M. G. Curmi, R. J. Silbey, and G. D. Scholes, “Electronic coherence lineshapes reveal hidden excitonic correlations in photosynthetic light harvesting,” Nat. Chem. 4(5), 396–404 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Axley, A.

N. H. Matlis, A. Axley, and W. P. Leemans, “Single-shot ultrafast tomographic imaging by spectral multiplexing,” Nat. Commun. 3, 1111 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ayers, J.

M. E. Lowry, C. V. Bennett, S. P. Vernon, T. C. Bond, R. Welty, E. M. Behymer, H. E. Petersen, A. Krey, R. E. Stewart, N. P. Kobayashi, V. R. Sperry, P. L. Stephan, C. Reinhardt, S. Simpson, P. Stratton, R. M. Bionta, M. A. McKernan, E. Ables, L. L. Ott, S. W. Bond, J. Ayers, O. L. Landen, and P. M. Bell, “RadSensor: x-ray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam,” Proc. SPIE 5194, 193 (2004).
[Crossref]

Back, C. A.

O. L. Landen, D. R. Farley, S. G. Glendinning, L. M. Logory, P. M. Bell, J. A. Koch, F. D. Lee, D. K. Bradley, D. H. Kalantar, C. A. Back, and R. E. Turner, “X-ray backlighting for the National Ignition Facility (invited),” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72(1), 627–634 (2001).
[Crossref]

Bajt, S.

A. Barty, S. Boutet, M. J. Bogan, S. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, N. Stojanovic, R. Tobey, H. Ehrke, A. Cavalleri, S. Düsterer, M. Frank, S. Bajt, B. W. Woods, M. M. Seibert, J. Hajdu, R. Treusch, and H. N. Chapma, “Ultrafast single-shot diffraction imaging of nanoscale dynamics,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 415–419 (2008).
[Crossref]

Baker, K. L.

K. L. Baker, R. E. Stewart, P. T. Steele, S. P. Vernon, W. W. Hsing, and B. A. Remington, “Solid-state framing camera with multiple time frames,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(15), 151111 (2013).
[Crossref]

K. L. Baker, R. E. Stewart, P. T. Steele, S. P. Vernon, and W. W. Hsing, “Ultrafast semiconductor x-ray detector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(3), 031107 (2012).
[Crossref]

Barrios, M. A.

J. R. Rygg, O. S. Jones, J. E. Field, M. A. Barrios, L. R. Benedetti, G. W. Collins, D. C. Eder, M. J. Edwards, J. L. Kline, J. J. Kroll, O. L. Landen, T. Ma, A. Pak, J. L. Peterson, K. Raman, R. P. J. Town, and D. K. Bradley, “2D X-ray radiography of imploding capsules at the national ignition facility,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(19), 195001 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Barty, A.

A. Barty, S. Boutet, M. J. Bogan, S. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, N. Stojanovic, R. Tobey, H. Ehrke, A. Cavalleri, S. Düsterer, M. Frank, S. Bajt, B. W. Woods, M. M. Seibert, J. Hajdu, R. Treusch, and H. N. Chapma, “Ultrafast single-shot diffraction imaging of nanoscale dynamics,” Nat. Photonics 2(7), 415–419 (2008).
[Crossref]

Behymer, E. M.

M. E. Lowry, C. V. Bennett, S. P. Vernon, T. C. Bond, R. Welty, E. M. Behymer, H. E. Petersen, A. Krey, R. E. Stewart, N. P. Kobayashi, V. R. Sperry, P. L. Stephan, C. Reinhardt, S. Simpson, P. Stratton, R. M. Bionta, M. A. McKernan, E. Ables, L. L. Ott, S. W. Bond, J. Ayers, O. L. Landen, and P. M. Bell, “RadSensor: x-ray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam,” Proc. SPIE 5194, 193 (2004).
[Crossref]

Bell, P. M.

M. E. Lowry, C. V. Bennett, S. P. Vernon, T. C. Bond, R. Welty, E. M. Behymer, H. E. Petersen, A. Krey, R. E. Stewart, N. P. Kobayashi, V. R. Sperry, P. L. Stephan, C. Reinhardt, S. Simpson, P. Stratton, R. M. Bionta, M. A. McKernan, E. Ables, L. L. Ott, S. W. Bond, J. Ayers, O. L. Landen, and P. M. Bell, “RadSensor: x-ray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam,” Proc. SPIE 5194, 193 (2004).
[Crossref]

M. E. Lowry, C. V. Bennett, S. P. Vernon, R. Stewart, R. J. Welty, J. Heebner, O. L. Landen, and P. M. Bell, “X-ray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam—Radsensor: Progress on development for imaging applications,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75(10), 3995–3997 (2004).
[Crossref]

O. L. Landen, D. R. Farley, S. G. Glendinning, L. M. Logory, P. M. Bell, J. A. Koch, F. D. Lee, D. K. Bradley, D. H. Kalantar, C. A. Back, and R. E. Turner, “X-ray backlighting for the National Ignition Facility (invited),” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72(1), 627–634 (2001).
[Crossref]

D. K. Bradley, P. M. Bell, O. L. Landen, J. D. Kilkenny, and J. Oertel, “Development and characterization of a pair of 30–40 ps x‐ray framing cameras,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66(1), 716–718 (1995).
[Crossref]

P. M. Bell, J. D. Kilkenny, R. L. Hanks, and O. L. Landen, “Measurements with a 35-psec gate time microchannel plate camera,” Proc. SPIE 1346, 456 (1991).
[Crossref]

Benedetti, L. R.

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E. D. Diebold, B. W. Buckley, D. R. Gossett, and B. Jalali, “Digitally synthesized beat frequency multiplexing for sub-millisecond fluorescence microscopy,” Nat. Photonics 7(10), 806–810 (2013).
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J. R. Rygg, O. S. Jones, J. E. Field, M. A. Barrios, L. R. Benedetti, G. W. Collins, D. C. Eder, M. J. Edwards, J. L. Kline, J. J. Kroll, O. L. Landen, T. Ma, A. Pak, J. L. Peterson, K. Raman, R. P. J. Town, and D. K. Bradley, “2D X-ray radiography of imploding capsules at the national ignition facility,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(19), 195001 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Proc. SPIE (2)

P. M. Bell, J. D. Kilkenny, R. L. Hanks, and O. L. Landen, “Measurements with a 35-psec gate time microchannel plate camera,” Proc. SPIE 1346, 456 (1991).
[Crossref]

M. E. Lowry, C. V. Bennett, S. P. Vernon, T. C. Bond, R. Welty, E. M. Behymer, H. E. Petersen, A. Krey, R. E. Stewart, N. P. Kobayashi, V. R. Sperry, P. L. Stephan, C. Reinhardt, S. Simpson, P. Stratton, R. M. Bionta, M. A. McKernan, E. Ables, L. L. Ott, S. W. Bond, J. Ayers, O. L. Landen, and P. M. Bell, “RadSensor: x-ray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam,” Proc. SPIE 5194, 193 (2004).
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Rev. Sci. Instrum. (3)

M. E. Lowry, C. V. Bennett, S. P. Vernon, R. Stewart, R. J. Welty, J. Heebner, O. L. Landen, and P. M. Bell, “X-ray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam—Radsensor: Progress on development for imaging applications,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75(10), 3995–3997 (2004).
[Crossref]

D. K. Bradley, P. M. Bell, O. L. Landen, J. D. Kilkenny, and J. Oertel, “Development and characterization of a pair of 30–40 ps x‐ray framing cameras,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66(1), 716–718 (1995).
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O. L. Landen, D. R. Farley, S. G. Glendinning, L. M. Logory, P. M. Bell, J. A. Koch, F. D. Lee, D. K. Bradley, D. H. Kalantar, C. A. Back, and R. E. Turner, “X-ray backlighting for the National Ignition Facility (invited),” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72(1), 627–634 (2001).
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Sci. Adv. (1)

J. Liang, C. Ma, L. Zhu, Y. Chen, L. Gao, and L. V. Wang, “Single-shot real-time video recording of a photonic Mach cone induced by a scattered light pulse,” Sci. Adv. 3(1), e1601814 (2017).
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Other (3)

C. Stoeckl, J. A. Delettrez, R. Epstein, G. Fiksel, D. Guy, M. Hohenberger, R. K. Jungquist, C. Mileham, P. M. Nilson, T. C. Sangster, M. J. Shoup III, and W. Theobald, “Soft x-ray backlighting of direct-drive implosions using a spherical crystal imager on OMEGA,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E501 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. L. Bourgade, R. Marmoret, S. Darbon, R. Rosch, P. Troussel, B. Villette, V. Glebov, W. T. Shmayda, J. C. Gomme, Y. Le Tonqueze, F. Aubard, J. Baggio, S. Bazzoli, F. Bonneau, J. Y. Boutin, T. Caillaud, C. Chollet, P. Combis, L. Disdier, J. Gazave, S. Girard, D. Gontier, P. Jaanimagi, H. P. Jacquet, J. P. Jadaud, O. Landoas, J. Legendre, J. L. Leray, R. Maroni, D. D. Meyerhofer, J. L. Miquel, F. J. Marshall, I. Masclet-Gobin, G. Pien, J. Raimbourg, C. Reverdin, A. Richard, D. Rubin de Cervens, C. T. Sangster, J. P. Seaux, G. Soullie, C. Stoeckl, I. Thfoin, L. Videau, and C. Zuber, “Diagnostics hardening for harsh environment in Laser Mégajoule (invited),” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 10F301 (2008).
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S. P. Vernon, M. E. Lowry, K. L. Baker, C. V. Bennett, J. R. Celeste, C. Cerjan, S. Haynes, V. J. Hernandez, W. W. Hsing, G. A. LaCaille, R. A. London, B. Moran, A. Schach von Wittenau, P. T. Steele, and R. E. Stewart, “X-ray bang-time and fusion reaction history at picosecond resolution using RadOptic detection a),” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10D307 (2012).
[Crossref]

Supplementary Material (1)

NameDescription
» Visualization 1: MP4 (262 KB)      This short movie is made to show the imaging result of the UASFC

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Functionality of the UASFC. (a) Principle of the UASFC (b) Details of the UASFC’s TTS system. The time axis can be encoded into wavelength or polarization by chirped and birefringent technology (c) Details of the SMD system. The time axis can be decoded using WDM and PDM technology. Labels in the Fig. 1 are: time-series system (TSS), beam splitter (BS), F-F (Fourier Filter), spatial mapping device (SMD), ultrafast semiconductor chip (USC), binary grating (BG), high-reflection film (HRF), anti-reflection film (ARF), mirror (M), delay crystal(DC), filter(F), and beam displacer (BD).

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Experimental geometry used to demonstrate the basic performance of the UASFC. Labels in the figure are: beamsplitter1 (BS1 90:10), optical delay line (ODL), mirror (M), 400nm filter (F0), half waveplate (HP), delay crystal (DC), beam displace (BD), beam splitter (BS 50:50), 810 nm filter (F1), 800 nm filter (F2), and 790 nm filter (F3).

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Experimental result of the semiconductor’s response time using pump-probe technique with 40 fs step intervals. Reflection at 800 nm versus time after the 400 nm pump pulse. The response time is about 2.5 ps (b) Evolution of the two-dimensional images on the CCD1 with the incident signal and the zeroth order blocked on the Fourier plane filter. The duration of the detected image from appearance to disappearance is about 2.5 ps (Visualization 1), which is in good agreement with the test result from Fig. 3(a).

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 The experimental result of the UASFC’s six framing images with 3 ps inter-frame time. (a) Results of the TSS and the SMD, the time axis of signal is converted to wavelength-polarization (b) Sequence of two-dimensional images recorded of the signal light with the probe beam incident on the semiconductor as the signal beam incident on the semiconductor sensor at six different times. For demonstration purposes, only images on the CCDs with peak signal are shown. The time axis information is shown at the bottom. The detail of dynamic process on UASFC is shown by Visualization 1.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Modulation transfer function (MTF) produced from the ESF at the upper left corner of the letter “T” in the second picture of Fig. 4(b).

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