Nonlinearities of organic electro-optic materials in nanoscale slots and implications for the optimum modulator design

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

I.-C. Benea-Chelmus, C. Bonzon, C. Maissen, G. Scalari, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Subcycle measurement of intensity correlations in the terahertz frequency range,” Phys. Rev. A 93(4), 043812 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-j. Chung, H. Subbaraman, Z. Pan, C.-T. Chen, and R. T. Chen, “Design of a plasmonic-organic hybrid slot waveguide integrated with a bowtie-antenna for terahertz wave detection,” Proc. SPIE 975, 975614 (2016).

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, H. Nakamura, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Analysis of efficiently poled electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Commun. 362, 77–80 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. F. Tillack, L. E. Johnson, B. E. Eichinger, and B. H. Robinson, “Systematic generation of anisotropic coarse-grained lennard-jones potentials and their application to ordered soft matter,” J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12(9), 4362–4374 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. F. Tillack and B. H. Robinson, “Toward optimal eo response from onlo chromophores: A statistical mechanics study of optimizing shape,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33(12), E121–E129 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Sinha, M. Karabiyik, C. Al-Amin, P. K. Vabbina, D. Ö. Güney, and N. Pala, “Tunable room temperature THz sources based on nonlinear mixing in a hybrid optical and THz micro-ring resonator,” Sci. Rep. 5, 9422 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

M. Li, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Zang, J. Wu, Z. Cui, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Poling efficiency enhancement of tethered binary nonlinear optical chromophores for achieving an ultrahigh n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(26), 6737–6744 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

Y. Jouane, Y. C. Chang, D. Zhang, J. Luo, A. K. Jen, and Y. Enami, “Unprecedented highest electro-optic coefficient of 226 pm/V for electro-optic polymer/TiO2 multilayer slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27725–27732 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. L. K. Eng, S. Kozacik, S. Shi, B. C. Olbricht, and D. W. Prather, “All-polymer modulator for high frequency low drive voltage applications,” Proc. SPIE 8983, 898316 (2014).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3774–3784 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. L. Elder, S. J. Benight, J. Song, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Matrix-assisted poling of monolithic bridge-disubstituted organic nlo chromophores,” Chem. Mater. 26(2), 872–874 (2014).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, Y. Jouane, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Enhanced conductivity of sol-gel silica cladding for efficient poling in electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(24), 30191–30199 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Wide optical spectrum range, subvolt, compact modulator based on an electro-optic polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 38(22), 4931–4934 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, X. Lin, H. Subbaraman, and R. T. Chen, “Polymer-based hybrid-integrated photonic devices for silicon on-chip modulation and board-level optical interconnects,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 196–210 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

Y. N. Wijayanto, H. Murata, and Y. Okamura, “Electrooptic millimeter-wave-lightwave signal converters suspended to gap-embedded patch antennas on low-k dielectric materials,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 33–41 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Zhang, E. Cassan, D. Gao, and X. Zhang, “Highly efficient phase-matched second harmonic generation using an asymmetric plasmonic slot waveguide configuration in hybrid polymer-silicon photonics,” Opt. Express 21(12), 14876–14887 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, C. Weimann, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “Second-order nonlinear silicon-organic hybrid waveguides,” Opt. Express 20(18), 20506–20515 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. B. Knorr, S. J. Benight, B. Krajina, C. Zhang, L. R. Dalton, and R. M. Overney, “Nanoscale phase analysis of molecular cooperativity and thermal transitions in dendritic nonlinear optical glasses,” J. Phys. Chem. B 116(46), 13793–13805 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. P. Klein, “On the ellipsoid and plane intersection equation,” Appl. Math. 3(11), 1634–1640 (2012).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

X. Wang, C.-Y. Lin, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Effective in-device r33 of 735 pm/V on electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(6), 882–884 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Jin, H. Chen, A. Barklund, J. Mallari, G. Yu, E. Miller, and R. Dinu, “Eo polymer modulators reliability study,” Proc. SPIE 7599, 75990H (2010).
[Crossref]

L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and D. H. Bale, “Electric field poled organic electro-optic materials: state of the art and future prospects,” Chem. Rev. 110(1), 25–55 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Gray, T.-D. Kim, D. B. Knorr, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Mesoscale dynamics and cooperativity of networking dendronized nonlinear optical molecular glasses,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 754–759 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

C. V. McLaughlin, L. M. Hayden, B. Polishak, S. Huang, J. Luo, T.-D. Kim, and A. K. Jen, “Wideband 15THz response using organic electro-optic polymer emitter-sensor pairs at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(15), 151107 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. Heinz, R. Vaia, B. Farmer, and R. Naik, “Accurate simulation of surfaces and interfaces of face-centered cubic metals using 12− 6 and 9− 6 Lennard-Jones potentials,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(44), 17281–17290 (2008).
[Crossref]

J.-M. Brosi, C. Koos, L. C. Andreani, M. Waldow, J. Leuthold, and W. Freude, “High-speed low-voltage electro-optic modulator with a polymer-infiltrated silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4177–4191 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Lee, H. E. Katz, C. Erben, D. M. Gill, P. Gopalan, J. D. Heber, and D. J. McGee, “Broadband modulation of light by using an electro-optic polymer,” Science 298(5597), 1401–1403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y.-J. Wang and G. Carlisle, “Optical properties of disperse-red-1-doped nematic liquid crystal,” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 13(3), 173–178 (2002).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

B. Robinson and L. Dalton, “Monte Carlo statistical mechanical simulations of the competition of intermolecular electrostatic and poling-field interactions in defining macroscopic electro-optic activity for organic chromophore/polymer materials,” J. Phys. Chem. A 104(20), 4785–4795 (2000).
[Crossref]

Y. Shi, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. H. Bechtel, L. R. Dalton, B. H. Robinson, and W. H. Steier, “Low (Sub-1-volt) halfwave voltage polymeric electro-optic modulators achieved by controlling chromophore shape,” Science 288(5463), 119–122 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. J. Wolff and R. Wortmann, “Organic materials for second-order non-linear optics,” Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 32, 121–217 (1999).
[Crossref]

D. Chen, H. R. Fetterman, A. Chen, W. H. Steier, L. R. Dalton, W. Wang, and Y. Shi, “Demonstration of 110 GHz electro-optic polymer modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(25), 3335–3337 (1997).
[Crossref]

S. J. B. Yoo, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, M. A. Koza, A. Rajhel, and N. Antoniades, “Wavelength conversion by difference frequency generation in algaas waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(19), 2609–2611 (1996).
[Crossref]

Q. Wu and X. C. Zhang, “Ultrafast electro‐optic field sensors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(12), 1604–1606 (1996).
[Crossref]

D. M. Burland, R. D. Miller, and C. A. Walsh, “Second-order nonlinearity in poled-polymer systems,” Chem. Rev. 94(1), 31–75 (1994).
[Crossref]

D. R. Kanis, M. A. Ratner, and T. J. Marks, “Design and construction of molecular assemblies with large second-order optical nonlinearities. Quantum chemical aspects,” Chem. Rev. 94(1), 195–242 (1994).
[Crossref]

F. T. Sheehy, W. B. Bridges, and J. H. Schaffner, “60 GHz and 94 GHz antenna-coupled LiNbO3 electrooptic modulators,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 5(3), 307–310 (1993).
[Crossref]

W. B. Bridges, F. T. Sheehy, and J. H. Schaffner, “Wave-coupled LiNbO3 electrooptic modulator for microwave and millimeter-wave modulation,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 3(2), 133–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

K. D. Singer, M. G. Kuzyk, W. R. Holland, J. E. Sohn, S. J. Lalama, R. B. Comizzoli, H. E. Katz, and M. L. Schilling, “Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(19), 1800–1802 (1988).
[Crossref]

R. S. Weis and T. K. Gaylord, “Lithium niobate: Summary of physical properties and crystal structure,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 37(4), 191–203 (1985).
[Crossref]

J. Oudar and D. Chemla, “Hyperpolarizabilities of the nitroanilines and their relations to the excited state dipole moment,” J. Chem. Phys. 66(6), 2664–2668 (1977).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. Sinha, M. Karabiyik, C. Al-Amin, P. K. Vabbina, D. Ö. Güney, and N. Pala, “Tunable room temperature THz sources based on nonlinear mixing in a hybrid optical and THz micro-ring resonator,” Sci. Rep. 5, 9422 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, C. Weimann, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “Second-order nonlinear silicon-organic hybrid waveguides,” Opt. Express 20(18), 20506–20515 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

J.-M. Brosi, C. Koos, L. C. Andreani, M. Waldow, J. Leuthold, and W. Freude, “High-speed low-voltage electro-optic modulator with a polymer-infiltrated silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4177–4191 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. B. Yoo, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, M. A. Koza, A. Rajhel, and N. Antoniades, “Wavelength conversion by difference frequency generation in algaas waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(19), 2609–2611 (1996).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and D. H. Bale, “Electric field poled organic electro-optic materials: state of the art and future prospects,” Chem. Rev. 110(1), 25–55 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Jin, H. Chen, A. Barklund, J. Mallari, G. Yu, E. Miller, and R. Dinu, “Eo polymer modulators reliability study,” Proc. SPIE 7599, 75990H (2010).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Shi, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. H. Bechtel, L. R. Dalton, B. H. Robinson, and W. H. Steier, “Low (Sub-1-volt) halfwave voltage polymeric electro-optic modulators achieved by controlling chromophore shape,” Science 288(5463), 119–122 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I.-C. Benea-Chelmus, C. Bonzon, C. Maissen, G. Scalari, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Subcycle measurement of intensity correlations in the terahertz frequency range,” Phys. Rev. A 93(4), 043812 (2016).
[Crossref]

I.-C. Benea-Chelmus, C. Bonzon, C. Maissen, G. Scalari, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Subcycle measurement of intensity correlations in the terahertz frequency range,” Phys. Rev. A 93(4), 043812 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. L. Elder, S. J. Benight, J. Song, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Matrix-assisted poling of monolithic bridge-disubstituted organic nlo chromophores,” Chem. Mater. 26(2), 872–874 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. B. Knorr, S. J. Benight, B. Krajina, C. Zhang, L. R. Dalton, and R. M. Overney, “Nanoscale phase analysis of molecular cooperativity and thermal transitions in dendritic nonlinear optical glasses,” J. Phys. Chem. B 116(46), 13793–13805 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. J. B. Yoo, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, M. A. Koza, A. Rajhel, and N. Antoniades, “Wavelength conversion by difference frequency generation in algaas waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(19), 2609–2611 (1996).
[Crossref]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I.-C. Benea-Chelmus, C. Bonzon, C. Maissen, G. Scalari, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Subcycle measurement of intensity correlations in the terahertz frequency range,” Phys. Rev. A 93(4), 043812 (2016).
[Crossref]

F. T. Sheehy, W. B. Bridges, and J. H. Schaffner, “60 GHz and 94 GHz antenna-coupled LiNbO3 electrooptic modulators,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 5(3), 307–310 (1993).
[Crossref]

W. B. Bridges, F. T. Sheehy, and J. H. Schaffner, “Wave-coupled LiNbO3 electrooptic modulator for microwave and millimeter-wave modulation,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 3(2), 133–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

J.-M. Brosi, C. Koos, L. C. Andreani, M. Waldow, J. Leuthold, and W. Freude, “High-speed low-voltage electro-optic modulator with a polymer-infiltrated silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4177–4191 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. M. Burland, R. D. Miller, and C. A. Walsh, “Second-order nonlinearity in poled-polymer systems,” Chem. Rev. 94(1), 31–75 (1994).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. J. B. Yoo, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, M. A. Koza, A. Rajhel, and N. Antoniades, “Wavelength conversion by difference frequency generation in algaas waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(19), 2609–2611 (1996).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

Y.-J. Wang and G. Carlisle, “Optical properties of disperse-red-1-doped nematic liquid crystal,” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 13(3), 173–178 (2002).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. Zhang, E. Cassan, D. Gao, and X. Zhang, “Highly efficient phase-matched second harmonic generation using an asymmetric plasmonic slot waveguide configuration in hybrid polymer-silicon photonics,” Opt. Express 21(12), 14876–14887 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Wide optical spectrum range, subvolt, compact modulator based on an electro-optic polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 38(22), 4931–4934 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Wang, C.-Y. Lin, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Effective in-device r33 of 735 pm/V on electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(6), 882–884 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Jouane, Y. C. Chang, D. Zhang, J. Luo, A. K. Jen, and Y. Enami, “Unprecedented highest electro-optic coefficient of 226 pm/V for electro-optic polymer/TiO2 multilayer slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27725–27732 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Oudar and D. Chemla, “Hyperpolarizabilities of the nitroanilines and their relations to the excited state dipole moment,” J. Chem. Phys. 66(6), 2664–2668 (1977).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

D. Chen, H. R. Fetterman, A. Chen, W. H. Steier, L. R. Dalton, W. Wang, and Y. Shi, “Demonstration of 110 GHz electro-optic polymer modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(25), 3335–3337 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-j. Chung, H. Subbaraman, Z. Pan, C.-T. Chen, and R. T. Chen, “Design of a plasmonic-organic hybrid slot waveguide integrated with a bowtie-antenna for terahertz wave detection,” Proc. SPIE 975, 975614 (2016).

D. Chen, H. R. Fetterman, A. Chen, W. H. Steier, L. R. Dalton, W. Wang, and Y. Shi, “Demonstration of 110 GHz electro-optic polymer modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(25), 3335–3337 (1997).
[Crossref]

D. Jin, H. Chen, A. Barklund, J. Mallari, G. Yu, E. Miller, and R. Dinu, “Eo polymer modulators reliability study,” Proc. SPIE 7599, 75990H (2010).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-j. Chung, H. Subbaraman, Z. Pan, C.-T. Chen, and R. T. Chen, “Design of a plasmonic-organic hybrid slot waveguide integrated with a bowtie-antenna for terahertz wave detection,” Proc. SPIE 975, 975614 (2016).

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3774–3784 (2014).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Wide optical spectrum range, subvolt, compact modulator based on an electro-optic polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 38(22), 4931–4934 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, X. Lin, H. Subbaraman, and R. T. Chen, “Polymer-based hybrid-integrated photonic devices for silicon on-chip modulation and board-level optical interconnects,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 196–210 (2013).
[Crossref]

X. Wang, C.-Y. Lin, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Effective in-device r33 of 735 pm/V on electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(6), 882–884 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-j. Chung, H. Subbaraman, Z. Pan, C.-T. Chen, and R. T. Chen, “Design of a plasmonic-organic hybrid slot waveguide integrated with a bowtie-antenna for terahertz wave detection,” Proc. SPIE 975, 975614 (2016).

K. D. Singer, M. G. Kuzyk, W. R. Holland, J. E. Sohn, S. J. Lalama, R. B. Comizzoli, H. E. Katz, and M. L. Schilling, “Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(19), 1800–1802 (1988).
[Crossref]

M. Li, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Zang, J. Wu, Z. Cui, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Poling efficiency enhancement of tethered binary nonlinear optical chromophores for achieving an ultrahigh n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(26), 6737–6744 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Robinson and L. Dalton, “Monte Carlo statistical mechanical simulations of the competition of intermolecular electrostatic and poling-field interactions in defining macroscopic electro-optic activity for organic chromophore/polymer materials,” J. Phys. Chem. A 104(20), 4785–4795 (2000).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

D. L. Elder, S. J. Benight, J. Song, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Matrix-assisted poling of monolithic bridge-disubstituted organic nlo chromophores,” Chem. Mater. 26(2), 872–874 (2014).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. B. Knorr, S. J. Benight, B. Krajina, C. Zhang, L. R. Dalton, and R. M. Overney, “Nanoscale phase analysis of molecular cooperativity and thermal transitions in dendritic nonlinear optical glasses,” J. Phys. Chem. B 116(46), 13793–13805 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and D. H. Bale, “Electric field poled organic electro-optic materials: state of the art and future prospects,” Chem. Rev. 110(1), 25–55 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

Y. Shi, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. H. Bechtel, L. R. Dalton, B. H. Robinson, and W. H. Steier, “Low (Sub-1-volt) halfwave voltage polymeric electro-optic modulators achieved by controlling chromophore shape,” Science 288(5463), 119–122 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Chen, H. R. Fetterman, A. Chen, W. H. Steier, L. R. Dalton, W. Wang, and Y. Shi, “Demonstration of 110 GHz electro-optic polymer modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(25), 3335–3337 (1997).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Jin, H. Chen, A. Barklund, J. Mallari, G. Yu, E. Miller, and R. Dinu, “Eo polymer modulators reliability study,” Proc. SPIE 7599, 75990H (2010).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. F. Tillack, L. E. Johnson, B. E. Eichinger, and B. H. Robinson, “Systematic generation of anisotropic coarse-grained lennard-jones potentials and their application to ordered soft matter,” J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12(9), 4362–4374 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

D. L. Elder, S. J. Benight, J. Song, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Matrix-assisted poling of monolithic bridge-disubstituted organic nlo chromophores,” Chem. Mater. 26(2), 872–874 (2014).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, H. Nakamura, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Analysis of efficiently poled electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Commun. 362, 77–80 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, Y. Jouane, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Enhanced conductivity of sol-gel silica cladding for efficient poling in electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(24), 30191–30199 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Jouane, Y. C. Chang, D. Zhang, J. Luo, A. K. Jen, and Y. Enami, “Unprecedented highest electro-optic coefficient of 226 pm/V for electro-optic polymer/TiO2 multilayer slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27725–27732 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. L. K. Eng, S. Kozacik, S. Shi, B. C. Olbricht, and D. W. Prather, “All-polymer modulator for high frequency low drive voltage applications,” Proc. SPIE 8983, 898316 (2014).
[Crossref]

M. Lee, H. E. Katz, C. Erben, D. M. Gill, P. Gopalan, J. D. Heber, and D. J. McGee, “Broadband modulation of light by using an electro-optic polymer,” Science 298(5597), 1401–1403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I.-C. Benea-Chelmus, C. Bonzon, C. Maissen, G. Scalari, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Subcycle measurement of intensity correlations in the terahertz frequency range,” Phys. Rev. A 93(4), 043812 (2016).
[Crossref]

H. Heinz, R. Vaia, B. Farmer, and R. Naik, “Accurate simulation of surfaces and interfaces of face-centered cubic metals using 12− 6 and 9− 6 Lennard-Jones potentials,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(44), 17281–17290 (2008).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Chen, H. R. Fetterman, A. Chen, W. H. Steier, L. R. Dalton, W. Wang, and Y. Shi, “Demonstration of 110 GHz electro-optic polymer modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(25), 3335–3337 (1997).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, C. Weimann, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “Second-order nonlinear silicon-organic hybrid waveguides,” Opt. Express 20(18), 20506–20515 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.-M. Brosi, C. Koos, L. C. Andreani, M. Waldow, J. Leuthold, and W. Freude, “High-speed low-voltage electro-optic modulator with a polymer-infiltrated silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4177–4191 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhang, E. Cassan, D. Gao, and X. Zhang, “Highly efficient phase-matched second harmonic generation using an asymmetric plasmonic slot waveguide configuration in hybrid polymer-silicon photonics,” Opt. Express 21(12), 14876–14887 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

R. S. Weis and T. K. Gaylord, “Lithium niobate: Summary of physical properties and crystal structure,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 37(4), 191–203 (1985).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Lee, H. E. Katz, C. Erben, D. M. Gill, P. Gopalan, J. D. Heber, and D. J. McGee, “Broadband modulation of light by using an electro-optic polymer,” Science 298(5597), 1401–1403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Lee, H. E. Katz, C. Erben, D. M. Gill, P. Gopalan, J. D. Heber, and D. J. McGee, “Broadband modulation of light by using an electro-optic polymer,” Science 298(5597), 1401–1403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Gray, T.-D. Kim, D. B. Knorr, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Mesoscale dynamics and cooperativity of networking dendronized nonlinear optical molecular glasses,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 754–759 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

R. Sinha, M. Karabiyik, C. Al-Amin, P. K. Vabbina, D. Ö. Güney, and N. Pala, “Tunable room temperature THz sources based on nonlinear mixing in a hybrid optical and THz micro-ring resonator,” Sci. Rep. 5, 9422 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

C. V. McLaughlin, L. M. Hayden, B. Polishak, S. Huang, J. Luo, T.-D. Kim, and A. K. Jen, “Wideband 15THz response using organic electro-optic polymer emitter-sensor pairs at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(15), 151107 (2008).
[Crossref]

M. Lee, H. E. Katz, C. Erben, D. M. Gill, P. Gopalan, J. D. Heber, and D. J. McGee, “Broadband modulation of light by using an electro-optic polymer,” Science 298(5597), 1401–1403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Heinz, R. Vaia, B. Farmer, and R. Naik, “Accurate simulation of surfaces and interfaces of face-centered cubic metals using 12− 6 and 9− 6 Lennard-Jones potentials,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(44), 17281–17290 (2008).
[Crossref]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. D. Singer, M. G. Kuzyk, W. R. Holland, J. E. Sohn, S. J. Lalama, R. B. Comizzoli, H. E. Katz, and M. L. Schilling, “Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(19), 1800–1802 (1988).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3774–3784 (2014).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, X. Lin, H. Subbaraman, and R. T. Chen, “Polymer-based hybrid-integrated photonic devices for silicon on-chip modulation and board-level optical interconnects,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 196–210 (2013).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Wide optical spectrum range, subvolt, compact modulator based on an electro-optic polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 38(22), 4931–4934 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Li, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Zang, J. Wu, Z. Cui, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Poling efficiency enhancement of tethered binary nonlinear optical chromophores for achieving an ultrahigh n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(26), 6737–6744 (2015).
[Crossref]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

C. V. McLaughlin, L. M. Hayden, B. Polishak, S. Huang, J. Luo, T.-D. Kim, and A. K. Jen, “Wideband 15THz response using organic electro-optic polymer emitter-sensor pairs at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(15), 151107 (2008).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

Y. Jouane, Y. C. Chang, D. Zhang, J. Luo, A. K. Jen, and Y. Enami, “Unprecedented highest electro-optic coefficient of 226 pm/V for electro-optic polymer/TiO2 multilayer slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27725–27732 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. V. McLaughlin, L. M. Hayden, B. Polishak, S. Huang, J. Luo, T.-D. Kim, and A. K. Jen, “Wideband 15THz response using organic electro-optic polymer emitter-sensor pairs at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(15), 151107 (2008).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, H. Nakamura, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Analysis of efficiently poled electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Commun. 362, 77–80 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Li, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Zang, J. Wu, Z. Cui, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Poling efficiency enhancement of tethered binary nonlinear optical chromophores for achieving an ultrahigh n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(26), 6737–6744 (2015).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, Y. Jouane, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Enhanced conductivity of sol-gel silica cladding for efficient poling in electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(24), 30191–30199 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Wide optical spectrum range, subvolt, compact modulator based on an electro-optic polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 38(22), 4931–4934 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Gray, T.-D. Kim, D. B. Knorr, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Mesoscale dynamics and cooperativity of networking dendronized nonlinear optical molecular glasses,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 754–759 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3774–3784 (2014).
[Crossref]

X. Wang, C.-Y. Lin, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Effective in-device r33 of 735 pm/V on electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(6), 882–884 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Jin, H. Chen, A. Barklund, J. Mallari, G. Yu, E. Miller, and R. Dinu, “Eo polymer modulators reliability study,” Proc. SPIE 7599, 75990H (2010).
[Crossref]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. F. Tillack, L. E. Johnson, B. E. Eichinger, and B. H. Robinson, “Systematic generation of anisotropic coarse-grained lennard-jones potentials and their application to ordered soft matter,” J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12(9), 4362–4374 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, Y. Jouane, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Enhanced conductivity of sol-gel silica cladding for efficient poling in electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(24), 30191–30199 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Jouane, Y. C. Chang, D. Zhang, J. Luo, A. K. Jen, and Y. Enami, “Unprecedented highest electro-optic coefficient of 226 pm/V for electro-optic polymer/TiO2 multilayer slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27725–27732 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. R. Kanis, M. A. Ratner, and T. J. Marks, “Design and construction of molecular assemblies with large second-order optical nonlinearities. Quantum chemical aspects,” Chem. Rev. 94(1), 195–242 (1994).
[Crossref]

R. Sinha, M. Karabiyik, C. Al-Amin, P. K. Vabbina, D. Ö. Güney, and N. Pala, “Tunable room temperature THz sources based on nonlinear mixing in a hybrid optical and THz micro-ring resonator,” Sci. Rep. 5, 9422 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Lee, H. E. Katz, C. Erben, D. M. Gill, P. Gopalan, J. D. Heber, and D. J. McGee, “Broadband modulation of light by using an electro-optic polymer,” Science 298(5597), 1401–1403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. D. Singer, M. G. Kuzyk, W. R. Holland, J. E. Sohn, S. J. Lalama, R. B. Comizzoli, H. E. Katz, and M. L. Schilling, “Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(19), 1800–1802 (1988).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Gray, T.-D. Kim, D. B. Knorr, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Mesoscale dynamics and cooperativity of networking dendronized nonlinear optical molecular glasses,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 754–759 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. V. McLaughlin, L. M. Hayden, B. Polishak, S. Huang, J. Luo, T.-D. Kim, and A. K. Jen, “Wideband 15THz response using organic electro-optic polymer emitter-sensor pairs at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(15), 151107 (2008).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

P. P. Klein, “On the ellipsoid and plane intersection equation,” Appl. Math. 3(11), 1634–1640 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. B. Knorr, S. J. Benight, B. Krajina, C. Zhang, L. R. Dalton, and R. M. Overney, “Nanoscale phase analysis of molecular cooperativity and thermal transitions in dendritic nonlinear optical glasses,” J. Phys. Chem. B 116(46), 13793–13805 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

T. Gray, T.-D. Kim, D. B. Knorr, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Mesoscale dynamics and cooperativity of networking dendronized nonlinear optical molecular glasses,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 754–759 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, C. Weimann, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “Second-order nonlinear silicon-organic hybrid waveguides,” Opt. Express 20(18), 20506–20515 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.-M. Brosi, C. Koos, L. C. Andreani, M. Waldow, J. Leuthold, and W. Freude, “High-speed low-voltage electro-optic modulator with a polymer-infiltrated silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4177–4191 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, C. Weimann, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “Second-order nonlinear silicon-organic hybrid waveguides,” Opt. Express 20(18), 20506–20515 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. J. B. Yoo, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, M. A. Koza, A. Rajhel, and N. Antoniades, “Wavelength conversion by difference frequency generation in algaas waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(19), 2609–2611 (1996).
[Crossref]

D. L. K. Eng, S. Kozacik, S. Shi, B. C. Olbricht, and D. W. Prather, “All-polymer modulator for high frequency low drive voltage applications,” Proc. SPIE 8983, 898316 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. B. Knorr, S. J. Benight, B. Krajina, C. Zhang, L. R. Dalton, and R. M. Overney, “Nanoscale phase analysis of molecular cooperativity and thermal transitions in dendritic nonlinear optical glasses,” J. Phys. Chem. B 116(46), 13793–13805 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

K. D. Singer, M. G. Kuzyk, W. R. Holland, J. E. Sohn, S. J. Lalama, R. B. Comizzoli, H. E. Katz, and M. L. Schilling, “Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(19), 1800–1802 (1988).
[Crossref]

K. D. Singer, M. G. Kuzyk, W. R. Holland, J. E. Sohn, S. J. Lalama, R. B. Comizzoli, H. E. Katz, and M. L. Schilling, “Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(19), 1800–1802 (1988).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Lee, H. E. Katz, C. Erben, D. M. Gill, P. Gopalan, J. D. Heber, and D. J. McGee, “Broadband modulation of light by using an electro-optic polymer,” Science 298(5597), 1401–1403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, C. Weimann, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “Second-order nonlinear silicon-organic hybrid waveguides,” Opt. Express 20(18), 20506–20515 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.-M. Brosi, C. Koos, L. C. Andreani, M. Waldow, J. Leuthold, and W. Freude, “High-speed low-voltage electro-optic modulator with a polymer-infiltrated silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4177–4191 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

M. Li, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Zang, J. Wu, Z. Cui, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Poling efficiency enhancement of tethered binary nonlinear optical chromophores for achieving an ultrahigh n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(26), 6737–6744 (2015).
[Crossref]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Wang, C.-Y. Lin, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Effective in-device r33 of 735 pm/V on electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(6), 882–884 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, X. Lin, H. Subbaraman, and R. T. Chen, “Polymer-based hybrid-integrated photonic devices for silicon on-chip modulation and board-level optical interconnects,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 196–210 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, H. Nakamura, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Analysis of efficiently poled electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Commun. 362, 77–80 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Li, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Zang, J. Wu, Z. Cui, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Poling efficiency enhancement of tethered binary nonlinear optical chromophores for achieving an ultrahigh n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(26), 6737–6744 (2015).
[Crossref]

Y. Jouane, Y. C. Chang, D. Zhang, J. Luo, A. K. Jen, and Y. Enami, “Unprecedented highest electro-optic coefficient of 226 pm/V for electro-optic polymer/TiO2 multilayer slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27725–27732 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3774–3784 (2014).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, Y. Jouane, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Enhanced conductivity of sol-gel silica cladding for efficient poling in electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(24), 30191–30199 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Wide optical spectrum range, subvolt, compact modulator based on an electro-optic polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 38(22), 4931–4934 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Wang, C.-Y. Lin, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Effective in-device r33 of 735 pm/V on electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(6), 882–884 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

T. Gray, T.-D. Kim, D. B. Knorr, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Mesoscale dynamics and cooperativity of networking dendronized nonlinear optical molecular glasses,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 754–759 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

C. V. McLaughlin, L. M. Hayden, B. Polishak, S. Huang, J. Luo, T.-D. Kim, and A. K. Jen, “Wideband 15THz response using organic electro-optic polymer emitter-sensor pairs at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(15), 151107 (2008).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

I.-C. Benea-Chelmus, C. Bonzon, C. Maissen, G. Scalari, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Subcycle measurement of intensity correlations in the terahertz frequency range,” Phys. Rev. A 93(4), 043812 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. Jin, H. Chen, A. Barklund, J. Mallari, G. Yu, E. Miller, and R. Dinu, “Eo polymer modulators reliability study,” Proc. SPIE 7599, 75990H (2010).
[Crossref]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. R. Kanis, M. A. Ratner, and T. J. Marks, “Design and construction of molecular assemblies with large second-order optical nonlinearities. Quantum chemical aspects,” Chem. Rev. 94(1), 195–242 (1994).
[Crossref]

M. Lee, H. E. Katz, C. Erben, D. M. Gill, P. Gopalan, J. D. Heber, and D. J. McGee, “Broadband modulation of light by using an electro-optic polymer,” Science 298(5597), 1401–1403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. V. McLaughlin, L. M. Hayden, B. Polishak, S. Huang, J. Luo, T.-D. Kim, and A. K. Jen, “Wideband 15THz response using organic electro-optic polymer emitter-sensor pairs at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(15), 151107 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. Jin, H. Chen, A. Barklund, J. Mallari, G. Yu, E. Miller, and R. Dinu, “Eo polymer modulators reliability study,” Proc. SPIE 7599, 75990H (2010).
[Crossref]

D. M. Burland, R. D. Miller, and C. A. Walsh, “Second-order nonlinearity in poled-polymer systems,” Chem. Rev. 94(1), 31–75 (1994).
[Crossref]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

Y. N. Wijayanto, H. Murata, and Y. Okamura, “Electrooptic millimeter-wave-lightwave signal converters suspended to gap-embedded patch antennas on low-k dielectric materials,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 33–41 (2013).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

H. Heinz, R. Vaia, B. Farmer, and R. Naik, “Accurate simulation of surfaces and interfaces of face-centered cubic metals using 12− 6 and 9− 6 Lennard-Jones potentials,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(44), 17281–17290 (2008).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, H. Nakamura, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Analysis of efficiently poled electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Commun. 362, 77–80 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. N. Wijayanto, H. Murata, and Y. Okamura, “Electrooptic millimeter-wave-lightwave signal converters suspended to gap-embedded patch antennas on low-k dielectric materials,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 33–41 (2013).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. L. K. Eng, S. Kozacik, S. Shi, B. C. Olbricht, and D. W. Prather, “All-polymer modulator for high frequency low drive voltage applications,” Proc. SPIE 8983, 898316 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

J. Oudar and D. Chemla, “Hyperpolarizabilities of the nitroanilines and their relations to the excited state dipole moment,” J. Chem. Phys. 66(6), 2664–2668 (1977).
[Crossref]

D. B. Knorr, S. J. Benight, B. Krajina, C. Zhang, L. R. Dalton, and R. M. Overney, “Nanoscale phase analysis of molecular cooperativity and thermal transitions in dendritic nonlinear optical glasses,” J. Phys. Chem. B 116(46), 13793–13805 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

T. Gray, T.-D. Kim, D. B. Knorr, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Mesoscale dynamics and cooperativity of networking dendronized nonlinear optical molecular glasses,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 754–759 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Sinha, M. Karabiyik, C. Al-Amin, P. K. Vabbina, D. Ö. Güney, and N. Pala, “Tunable room temperature THz sources based on nonlinear mixing in a hybrid optical and THz micro-ring resonator,” Sci. Rep. 5, 9422 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, C.-j. Chung, H. Subbaraman, Z. Pan, C.-T. Chen, and R. T. Chen, “Design of a plasmonic-organic hybrid slot waveguide integrated with a bowtie-antenna for terahertz wave detection,” Proc. SPIE 975, 975614 (2016).

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

C. V. McLaughlin, L. M. Hayden, B. Polishak, S. Huang, J. Luo, T.-D. Kim, and A. K. Jen, “Wideband 15THz response using organic electro-optic polymer emitter-sensor pairs at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(15), 151107 (2008).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. L. K. Eng, S. Kozacik, S. Shi, B. C. Olbricht, and D. W. Prather, “All-polymer modulator for high frequency low drive voltage applications,” Proc. SPIE 8983, 898316 (2014).
[Crossref]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. J. B. Yoo, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, M. A. Koza, A. Rajhel, and N. Antoniades, “Wavelength conversion by difference frequency generation in algaas waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(19), 2609–2611 (1996).
[Crossref]

D. R. Kanis, M. A. Ratner, and T. J. Marks, “Design and construction of molecular assemblies with large second-order optical nonlinearities. Quantum chemical aspects,” Chem. Rev. 94(1), 195–242 (1994).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

B. Robinson and L. Dalton, “Monte Carlo statistical mechanical simulations of the competition of intermolecular electrostatic and poling-field interactions in defining macroscopic electro-optic activity for organic chromophore/polymer materials,” J. Phys. Chem. A 104(20), 4785–4795 (2000).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

A. F. Tillack and B. H. Robinson, “Toward optimal eo response from onlo chromophores: A statistical mechanics study of optimizing shape,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33(12), E121–E129 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. F. Tillack, L. E. Johnson, B. E. Eichinger, and B. H. Robinson, “Systematic generation of anisotropic coarse-grained lennard-jones potentials and their application to ordered soft matter,” J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12(9), 4362–4374 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. L. Elder, S. J. Benight, J. Song, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Matrix-assisted poling of monolithic bridge-disubstituted organic nlo chromophores,” Chem. Mater. 26(2), 872–874 (2014).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Shi, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. H. Bechtel, L. R. Dalton, B. H. Robinson, and W. H. Steier, “Low (Sub-1-volt) halfwave voltage polymeric electro-optic modulators achieved by controlling chromophore shape,” Science 288(5463), 119–122 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I.-C. Benea-Chelmus, C. Bonzon, C. Maissen, G. Scalari, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Subcycle measurement of intensity correlations in the terahertz frequency range,” Phys. Rev. A 93(4), 043812 (2016).
[Crossref]

F. T. Sheehy, W. B. Bridges, and J. H. Schaffner, “60 GHz and 94 GHz antenna-coupled LiNbO3 electrooptic modulators,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 5(3), 307–310 (1993).
[Crossref]

W. B. Bridges, F. T. Sheehy, and J. H. Schaffner, “Wave-coupled LiNbO3 electrooptic modulator for microwave and millimeter-wave modulation,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 3(2), 133–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. D. Singer, M. G. Kuzyk, W. R. Holland, J. E. Sohn, S. J. Lalama, R. B. Comizzoli, H. E. Katz, and M. L. Schilling, “Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(19), 1800–1802 (1988).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

F. T. Sheehy, W. B. Bridges, and J. H. Schaffner, “60 GHz and 94 GHz antenna-coupled LiNbO3 electrooptic modulators,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 5(3), 307–310 (1993).
[Crossref]

W. B. Bridges, F. T. Sheehy, and J. H. Schaffner, “Wave-coupled LiNbO3 electrooptic modulator for microwave and millimeter-wave modulation,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 3(2), 133–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

D. L. K. Eng, S. Kozacik, S. Shi, B. C. Olbricht, and D. W. Prather, “All-polymer modulator for high frequency low drive voltage applications,” Proc. SPIE 8983, 898316 (2014).
[Crossref]

Y. Shi, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. H. Bechtel, L. R. Dalton, B. H. Robinson, and W. H. Steier, “Low (Sub-1-volt) halfwave voltage polymeric electro-optic modulators achieved by controlling chromophore shape,” Science 288(5463), 119–122 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Chen, H. R. Fetterman, A. Chen, W. H. Steier, L. R. Dalton, W. Wang, and Y. Shi, “Demonstration of 110 GHz electro-optic polymer modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(25), 3335–3337 (1997).
[Crossref]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

K. D. Singer, M. G. Kuzyk, W. R. Holland, J. E. Sohn, S. J. Lalama, R. B. Comizzoli, H. E. Katz, and M. L. Schilling, “Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(19), 1800–1802 (1988).
[Crossref]

R. Sinha, M. Karabiyik, C. Al-Amin, P. K. Vabbina, D. Ö. Güney, and N. Pala, “Tunable room temperature THz sources based on nonlinear mixing in a hybrid optical and THz micro-ring resonator,” Sci. Rep. 5, 9422 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. D. Singer, M. G. Kuzyk, W. R. Holland, J. E. Sohn, S. J. Lalama, R. B. Comizzoli, H. E. Katz, and M. L. Schilling, “Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(19), 1800–1802 (1988).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. L. Elder, S. J. Benight, J. Song, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Matrix-assisted poling of monolithic bridge-disubstituted organic nlo chromophores,” Chem. Mater. 26(2), 872–874 (2014).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

Y. Shi, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. H. Bechtel, L. R. Dalton, B. H. Robinson, and W. H. Steier, “Low (Sub-1-volt) halfwave voltage polymeric electro-optic modulators achieved by controlling chromophore shape,” Science 288(5463), 119–122 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Chen, H. R. Fetterman, A. Chen, W. H. Steier, L. R. Dalton, W. Wang, and Y. Shi, “Demonstration of 110 GHz electro-optic polymer modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(25), 3335–3337 (1997).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-j. Chung, H. Subbaraman, Z. Pan, C.-T. Chen, and R. T. Chen, “Design of a plasmonic-organic hybrid slot waveguide integrated with a bowtie-antenna for terahertz wave detection,” Proc. SPIE 975, 975614 (2016).

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3774–3784 (2014).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, X. Lin, H. Subbaraman, and R. T. Chen, “Polymer-based hybrid-integrated photonic devices for silicon on-chip modulation and board-level optical interconnects,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 196–210 (2013).
[Crossref]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and D. H. Bale, “Electric field poled organic electro-optic materials: state of the art and future prospects,” Chem. Rev. 110(1), 25–55 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. F. Tillack and B. H. Robinson, “Toward optimal eo response from onlo chromophores: A statistical mechanics study of optimizing shape,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33(12), E121–E129 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. F. Tillack, L. E. Johnson, B. E. Eichinger, and B. H. Robinson, “Systematic generation of anisotropic coarse-grained lennard-jones potentials and their application to ordered soft matter,” J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12(9), 4362–4374 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

R. Sinha, M. Karabiyik, C. Al-Amin, P. K. Vabbina, D. Ö. Güney, and N. Pala, “Tunable room temperature THz sources based on nonlinear mixing in a hybrid optical and THz micro-ring resonator,” Sci. Rep. 5, 9422 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Heinz, R. Vaia, B. Farmer, and R. Naik, “Accurate simulation of surfaces and interfaces of face-centered cubic metals using 12− 6 and 9− 6 Lennard-Jones potentials,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(44), 17281–17290 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

J.-M. Brosi, C. Koos, L. C. Andreani, M. Waldow, J. Leuthold, and W. Freude, “High-speed low-voltage electro-optic modulator with a polymer-infiltrated silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4177–4191 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. M. Burland, R. D. Miller, and C. A. Walsh, “Second-order nonlinearity in poled-polymer systems,” Chem. Rev. 94(1), 31–75 (1994).
[Crossref]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3774–3784 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. Chen, H. R. Fetterman, A. Chen, W. H. Steier, L. R. Dalton, W. Wang, and Y. Shi, “Demonstration of 110 GHz electro-optic polymer modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(25), 3335–3337 (1997).
[Crossref]

X. Wang, C.-Y. Lin, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Effective in-device r33 of 735 pm/V on electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(6), 882–884 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y.-J. Wang and G. Carlisle, “Optical properties of disperse-red-1-doped nematic liquid crystal,” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 13(3), 173–178 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, C. Weimann, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “Second-order nonlinear silicon-organic hybrid waveguides,” Opt. Express 20(18), 20506–20515 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. S. Weis and T. K. Gaylord, “Lithium niobate: Summary of physical properties and crystal structure,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 37(4), 191–203 (1985).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. N. Wijayanto, H. Murata, and Y. Okamura, “Electrooptic millimeter-wave-lightwave signal converters suspended to gap-embedded patch antennas on low-k dielectric materials,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 33–41 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. J. Wolff and R. Wortmann, “Organic materials for second-order non-linear optics,” Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 32, 121–217 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. J. Wolff and R. Wortmann, “Organic materials for second-order non-linear optics,” Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 32, 121–217 (1999).
[Crossref]

M. Li, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Zang, J. Wu, Z. Cui, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Poling efficiency enhancement of tethered binary nonlinear optical chromophores for achieving an ultrahigh n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(26), 6737–6744 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Wu and X. C. Zhang, “Ultrafast electro‐optic field sensors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(12), 1604–1606 (1996).
[Crossref]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. J. B. Yoo, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, M. A. Koza, A. Rajhel, and N. Antoniades, “Wavelength conversion by difference frequency generation in algaas waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(19), 2609–2611 (1996).
[Crossref]

D. Jin, H. Chen, A. Barklund, J. Mallari, G. Yu, E. Miller, and R. Dinu, “Eo polymer modulators reliability study,” Proc. SPIE 7599, 75990H (2010).
[Crossref]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Li, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Zang, J. Wu, Z. Cui, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Poling efficiency enhancement of tethered binary nonlinear optical chromophores for achieving an ultrahigh n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(26), 6737–6744 (2015).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3774–3784 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. B. Knorr, S. J. Benight, B. Krajina, C. Zhang, L. R. Dalton, and R. M. Overney, “Nanoscale phase analysis of molecular cooperativity and thermal transitions in dendritic nonlinear optical glasses,” J. Phys. Chem. B 116(46), 13793–13805 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Shi, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. H. Bechtel, L. R. Dalton, B. H. Robinson, and W. H. Steier, “Low (Sub-1-volt) halfwave voltage polymeric electro-optic modulators achieved by controlling chromophore shape,” Science 288(5463), 119–122 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

Y. Jouane, Y. C. Chang, D. Zhang, J. Luo, A. K. Jen, and Y. Enami, “Unprecedented highest electro-optic coefficient of 226 pm/V for electro-optic polymer/TiO2 multilayer slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27725–27732 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Shi, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. H. Bechtel, L. R. Dalton, B. H. Robinson, and W. H. Steier, “Low (Sub-1-volt) halfwave voltage polymeric electro-optic modulators achieved by controlling chromophore shape,” Science 288(5463), 119–122 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhang, E. Cassan, D. Gao, and X. Zhang, “Highly efficient phase-matched second harmonic generation using an asymmetric plasmonic slot waveguide configuration in hybrid polymer-silicon photonics,” Opt. Express 21(12), 14876–14887 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, C.-j. Chung, H. Subbaraman, Z. Pan, C.-T. Chen, and R. T. Chen, “Design of a plasmonic-organic hybrid slot waveguide integrated with a bowtie-antenna for terahertz wave detection,” Proc. SPIE 975, 975614 (2016).

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3774–3784 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Zhang, E. Cassan, D. Gao, and X. Zhang, “Highly efficient phase-matched second harmonic generation using an asymmetric plasmonic slot waveguide configuration in hybrid polymer-silicon photonics,” Opt. Express 21(12), 14876–14887 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Wide optical spectrum range, subvolt, compact modulator based on an electro-optic polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 38(22), 4931–4934 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, X. Lin, H. Subbaraman, and R. T. Chen, “Polymer-based hybrid-integrated photonic devices for silicon on-chip modulation and board-level optical interconnects,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 196–210 (2013).
[Crossref]

Q. Wu and X. C. Zhang, “Ultrafast electro‐optic field sensors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(12), 1604–1606 (1996).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. Li, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Zang, J. Wu, Z. Cui, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Poling efficiency enhancement of tethered binary nonlinear optical chromophores for achieving an ultrahigh n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(26), 6737–6744 (2015).
[Crossref]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

X.-H. Zhou, J. Luo, S. Huang, T.-D. Kim, Z. Shi, Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Jang, D. B. Knorr, R. M. Overney, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of arene–perfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability,” Adv. Mater. 21(19), 1976–1981 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, D. B. Knorr, L. E. Johnson, P. A. Sullivan, D. Lao, J. Sun, L. S. Kocherlakota, A. Elangovan, B. H. Robinson, R. M. Overney, and L. R. Dalton, “Nano-engineering lattice dimensionality for a soft matter organic functional material,” Adv. Mater. 24(24), 3263–3268 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. J. Wolff and R. Wortmann, “Organic materials for second-order non-linear optics,” Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 32, 121–217 (1999).
[Crossref]

P. P. Klein, “On the ellipsoid and plane intersection equation,” Appl. Math. 3(11), 1634–1640 (2012).
[Crossref]

W. W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, A. F. Tillack, B. C. Olbricht, J. S. Song, P. J. Reid, R. M. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Benzocyclobutene barrier layer for suppressing conductance in nonlinear optical devices during electric field poling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(24), 884829 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. Chen, H. R. Fetterman, A. Chen, W. H. Steier, L. R. Dalton, W. Wang, and Y. Shi, “Demonstration of 110 GHz electro-optic polymer modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(25), 3335–3337 (1997).
[Crossref]

Q. Wu and X. C. Zhang, “Ultrafast electro‐optic field sensors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(12), 1604–1606 (1996).
[Crossref]

C. V. McLaughlin, L. M. Hayden, B. Polishak, S. Huang, J. Luo, T.-D. Kim, and A. K. Jen, “Wideband 15THz response using organic electro-optic polymer emitter-sensor pairs at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(15), 151107 (2008).
[Crossref]

K. D. Singer, M. G. Kuzyk, W. R. Holland, J. E. Sohn, S. J. Lalama, R. B. Comizzoli, H. E. Katz, and M. L. Schilling, “Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(19), 1800–1802 (1988).
[Crossref]

S. J. B. Yoo, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, M. A. Koza, A. Rajhel, and N. Antoniades, “Wavelength conversion by difference frequency generation in algaas waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(19), 2609–2611 (1996).
[Crossref]

R. S. Weis and T. K. Gaylord, “Lithium niobate: Summary of physical properties and crystal structure,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 37(4), 191–203 (1985).
[Crossref]

D. L. Elder, S. J. Benight, J. Song, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Matrix-assisted poling of monolithic bridge-disubstituted organic nlo chromophores,” Chem. Mater. 26(2), 872–874 (2014).
[Crossref]

L. R. Dalton, S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, D. B. Knorr, I. Kosilkin, B. E. Eichinger, B. H. Robinson, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Systematic nanoengineering of soft matter organic electro-optic materials,” Chem. Mater. 23(3), 430–445 (2011).
[Crossref]

L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and D. H. Bale, “Electric field poled organic electro-optic materials: state of the art and future prospects,” Chem. Rev. 110(1), 25–55 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. M. Burland, R. D. Miller, and C. A. Walsh, “Second-order nonlinearity in poled-polymer systems,” Chem. Rev. 94(1), 31–75 (1994).
[Crossref]

D. R. Kanis, M. A. Ratner, and T. J. Marks, “Design and construction of molecular assemblies with large second-order optical nonlinearities. Quantum chemical aspects,” Chem. Rev. 94(1), 195–242 (1994).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, X. Lin, H. Subbaraman, and R. T. Chen, “Polymer-based hybrid-integrated photonic devices for silicon on-chip modulation and board-level optical interconnects,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 196–210 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Leuthold, C. Koos, W. Freude, L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, M. Lauermann, R. Dinu, S. Wehrli, M. Jazbinsek, P. Gunter, M. Waldow, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, H. Kurz, M. Fournier, J.-M. Fedeli, H. Yu, and W. Bogaerts, “Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optical devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 114–126 (2013).
[Crossref]

Y. N. Wijayanto, H. Murata, and Y. Okamura, “Electrooptic millimeter-wave-lightwave signal converters suspended to gap-embedded patch antennas on low-k dielectric materials,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(6), 33–41 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, R. Schmogrow, W. Heni, S. Koenig, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Verheyen, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Silicon-organic hybrid MZI modulator generating OOK, BPSK and 8-ASK signals for up to 84 Gbit/s,” IEEE Photonics J. 5(2), 6600907 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, L. Alloatti, D. Korn, P. C. Schindler, M. Baier, J. Bolten, T. Wahlbrink, M. Waldow, R. Dinu, W. Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, “Low power mach-zehnder modulator in silicon-organic hybrid technology,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(13), 1226–1229 (2013).
[Crossref]

F. T. Sheehy, W. B. Bridges, and J. H. Schaffner, “60 GHz and 94 GHz antenna-coupled LiNbO3 electrooptic modulators,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 5(3), 307–310 (1993).
[Crossref]

W. B. Bridges, F. T. Sheehy, and J. H. Schaffner, “Wave-coupled LiNbO3 electrooptic modulator for microwave and millimeter-wave modulation,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 3(2), 133–135 (1991).
[Crossref]

J. Oudar and D. Chemla, “Hyperpolarizabilities of the nitroanilines and their relations to the excited state dipole moment,” J. Chem. Phys. 66(6), 2664–2668 (1977).
[Crossref]

A. F. Tillack, L. E. Johnson, B. E. Eichinger, and B. H. Robinson, “Systematic generation of anisotropic coarse-grained lennard-jones potentials and their application to ordered soft matter,” J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12(9), 4362–4374 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaranam, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator;design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(24), 4067–4072 (2013).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-J. Chung, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, R. L. Nelson, C. Y. C. Lee, and R. T. Chen, “High performance optical modulator based on electro-optic polymer filled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(12), 2941–2951 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Heni, C. Haffner, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “108 Gbit/s plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator with > 70-GHz electrical bandwidth,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 393–400 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Integrated photonic electromagnetic field sensor based on broadband bowtie antenna coupled silicon organic hybrid modulator,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3774–3784 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Koos, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, M. Kohl, L. Dalton, W. Bogaerts, A. L. Giesecke, M. Lauermann, A. Melikyan, S. Koeber, S. Wolf, C. Weimann, S. Muehlbrandt, K. Koehnle, J. Pfeifle, W. Hartmann, Y. Kutuvantavida, S. Ummethala, R. Palmer, D. Korn, L. Alloatti, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, T. Wahlbrink, and J. Bolten, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(2), 256–268 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. Abel, T. Stöferle, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, L. Czornomaz, M. Stuckelberger, M. Sousa, B. J. Offrein, and J. Fompeyrine, “A hybrid barium titanate–silicon photonics platform for ultraefficient electro-optic tuning,” J. Lightwave Technol. 34(8), 1688–1693 (2016).
[Crossref]

R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, M. Woessner, W. Heni, D. Korn, M. Lauermann, W. Bogaerts, L. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “High-speed, low drive-voltage silicon-organic hybrid modulator based on a binary-chromophore electro-optic material,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32(16), 2726–2734 (2014).
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, W. Steier, B. Robinson, C. Zhang, A. Ren, S. Garner, A. Chen, T. Londergan, L. Irwin, B. Carlson, L. Fifield, G. Phelan, C. Kincaid, J. Amend, and A. Jen, “From molecules to opto-chips: Organic electro-optic materials,” J. Mater. Chem. 9(9), 1905–1920 (1999).
[Crossref]

M. Li, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Zang, J. Wu, Z. Cui, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Poling efficiency enhancement of tethered binary nonlinear optical chromophores for achieving an ultrahigh n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 3(26), 6737–6744 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Jin, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, K. T. Manner, K. E. Garrett, W. Kaminsky, R. Xu, B. H. Robinson, and L. R. Dalton, “Structure–function relationship exploration for enhanced thermal stability and electro-optic activity in monolithic organic nlo chromophores,” J. Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices 4(15), 3119–3124 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y.-J. Wang and G. Carlisle, “Optical properties of disperse-red-1-doped nematic liquid crystal,” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 13(3), 173–178 (2002).
[Crossref]

T. Pliška, W.-R. Cho, J. Meier, A.-C. Le Duff, V. Ricci, A. Otomo, M. Canva, G. I. Stegeman, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar, “Comparative study of nonlinear-optical polymers for guided-wave second-harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(9), 1554–1564 (2000).
[Crossref]

A. F. Tillack and B. H. Robinson, “Toward optimal eo response from onlo chromophores: A statistical mechanics study of optimizing shape,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33(12), E121–E129 (2016).
[Crossref]

B. Robinson and L. Dalton, “Monte Carlo statistical mechanical simulations of the competition of intermolecular electrostatic and poling-field interactions in defining macroscopic electro-optic activity for organic chromophore/polymer materials,” J. Phys. Chem. A 104(20), 4785–4795 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. J. Benight, L. E. Johnson, R. Barnes, B. C. Olbricht, D. H. Bale, P. J. Reid, B. E. Eichinger, L. R. Dalton, P. A. Sullivan, and B. H. Robinson, “Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials: theory and defined order,” J. Phys. Chem. B 114(37), 11949–11956 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. B. Knorr, S. J. Benight, B. Krajina, C. Zhang, L. R. Dalton, and R. M. Overney, “Nanoscale phase analysis of molecular cooperativity and thermal transitions in dendritic nonlinear optical glasses,” J. Phys. Chem. B 116(46), 13793–13805 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. V. Pereverzev, K. N. Gunnerson, O. V. Prezhdo, P. A. Sullivan, Y. Liao, B. C. Olbricht, A. J. P. Akelaitis, A. K. Y. Jen, and L. R. Dalton, “Guest−host cooperativity in organic materials greatly enhances the nonlinear optical response,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(11), 4355–4363 (2008).
[Crossref]

T.-D. Kim, J. Luo, Y.-J. Cheng, Z. Shi, S. Hau, S.-H. Jang, X.-H. Zhou, Y. Tian, B. Polishak, S. Huang, H. Ma, L. R. Dalton, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Binary chromophore systems in nonlinear optical dendrimers and polymers for large electrooptic activities†,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(21), 8091–8098 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. Heinz, R. Vaia, B. Farmer, and R. Naik, “Accurate simulation of surfaces and interfaces of face-centered cubic metals using 12− 6 and 9− 6 Lennard-Jones potentials,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112(44), 17281–17290 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device,” Light Sci. Appl. 4(2), e255 (2015).
[Crossref]

T. Gray, T.-D. Kim, D. B. Knorr, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, “Mesoscale dynamics and cooperativity of networking dendronized nonlinear optical molecular glasses,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 754–759 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hoessbacher, R. Bonjour, M. Zahner, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Direct conversion of free space millimeter waves to optical domain by plasmonic modulator antenna,” Nano Lett. 15(12), 8342–8346 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “High-speed plasmonic phase modulators,” Nat. Photonics 8(3), 229–233 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale,” Nat. Photonics 9(8), 525–528 (2015).
[Crossref]

V. Katopodis, P. Groumas, Z. Zhang, R. Dinu, E. Miller, A. Konczykowska, J. Y. Dupuy, A. Beretta, A. Dede, J. H. Choi, P. Harati, F. Jorge, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, G. Cangini, A. Vannucci, N. Keil, H. G. Bach, N. Grote, H. Avramopoulos, and C. Kouloumentas, “Polymer enabled 100 Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications,” Opt. Commun. 362, 13–21 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, H. Nakamura, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Analysis of efficiently poled electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Commun. 362, 77–80 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. Melikyan, K. Koehnle, M. Lauermann, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, S. Muehlbrandt, P. C. Schindler, D. L. Elder, S. Wolf, W. Heni, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, D. Hillerkuss, M. Sommer, L. R. Dalton, D. Van Thourhout, W. Freude, M. Kohl, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s,” Opt. Express 23(8), 9938–9946 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Heni, C. Hoessbacher, C. Haffner, Y. Fedoryshyn, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, D. Hillerkuss, Y. Salamin, R. Bonjour, A. Melikyan, M. Kohl, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions,” Opt. Express 23(23), 29746–29757 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Hoessbacher, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, Y. Fedoryshyn, H. Hettrich, Y. Salamin, W. Heni, C. Haffner, C. Kaiser, R. Schmid, D. L. Elder, D. Hillerkuss, M. Möller, L. R. Dalton, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic modulator with >170 GHz bandwidth demonstrated at 100 GBd NRZ,” Opt. Express 25(3), 1762–1768 (2017).
[Crossref]

Y. Enami, Y. Jouane, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, “Enhanced conductivity of sol-gel silica cladding for efficient poling in electro-optic polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(24), 30191–30199 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, G. Wang, R. Lawson, Y. Liao, P. Sullivan, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and A. Scherer, “Optical modulation and detection in slotted Silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 13(14), 5216–5226 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Jouane, Y. C. Chang, D. Zhang, J. Luo, A. K. Jen, and Y. Enami, “Unprecedented highest electro-optic coefficient of 226 pm/V for electro-optic polymer/TiO2 multilayer slot waveguide modulators,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27725–27732 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Lauermann, C. Weimann, A. Knopf, W. Heni, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. L. Elder, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, L. R. Dalton, C. Rembe, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Integrated optical frequency shifter in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) technology,” Opt. Express 24(11), 11694–11707 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, C. Weimann, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “Second-order nonlinear silicon-organic hybrid waveguides,” Opt. Express 20(18), 20506–20515 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhang, E. Cassan, D. Gao, and X. Zhang, “Highly efficient phase-matched second harmonic generation using an asymmetric plasmonic slot waveguide configuration in hybrid polymer-silicon photonics,” Opt. Express 21(12), 14876–14887 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.-M. Brosi, C. Koos, L. C. Andreani, M. Waldow, J. Leuthold, and W. Freude, “High-speed low-voltage electro-optic modulator with a polymer-infiltrated silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4177–4191 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Alloatti, D. Korn, R. Palmer, D. Hillerkuss, J. Li, A. Barklund, R. Dinu, J. Wieland, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, R. Baets, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “42.7 Gbit/s electro-optic modulator in silicon technology,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11841–11851 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Wide optical spectrum range, subvolt, compact modulator based on an electro-optic polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 38(22), 4931–4934 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Wang, C.-Y. Lin, S. Chakravarty, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and R. T. Chen, “Effective in-device r33 of 735 pm/V on electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(6), 882–884 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I.-C. Benea-Chelmus, C. Bonzon, C. Maissen, G. Scalari, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Subcycle measurement of intensity correlations in the terahertz frequency range,” Phys. Rev. A 93(4), 043812 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, U. Koch, N. Đorđević, P. Mousel, R. Bonjour, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, P. Leuchtmann, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Plasmonic organic hybrid modulators—scaling highest speed photonics to the microscale,” Proc. IEEE 104(12), 2362–2379 (2016).
[Crossref]

D. Jin, H. Chen, A. Barklund, J. Mallari, G. Yu, E. Miller, and R. Dinu, “Eo polymer modulators reliability study,” Proc. SPIE 7599, 75990H (2010).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, C.-j. Chung, H. Subbaraman, Z. Pan, C.-T. Chen, and R. T. Chen, “Design of a plasmonic-organic hybrid slot waveguide integrated with a bowtie-antenna for terahertz wave detection,” Proc. SPIE 975, 975614 (2016).

D. L. K. Eng, S. Kozacik, S. Shi, B. C. Olbricht, and D. W. Prather, “All-polymer modulator for high frequency low drive voltage applications,” Proc. SPIE 8983, 898316 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Sinha, M. Karabiyik, C. Al-Amin, P. K. Vabbina, D. Ö. Güney, and N. Pala, “Tunable room temperature THz sources based on nonlinear mixing in a hybrid optical and THz micro-ring resonator,” Sci. Rep. 5, 9422 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Shi, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. H. Bechtel, L. R. Dalton, B. H. Robinson, and W. H. Steier, “Low (Sub-1-volt) halfwave voltage polymeric electro-optic modulators achieved by controlling chromophore shape,” Science 288(5463), 119–122 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Lee, H. E. Katz, C. Erben, D. M. Gill, P. Gopalan, J. D. Heber, and D. J. McGee, “Broadband modulation of light by using an electro-optic polymer,” Science 298(5597), 1401–1403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, A. Hosseini, H. Subbaraman, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, C.-j. Chung, H. Yan, Z. Pan, R. L. Nelson, and R. T. Chen, “Broadband energy-efficient optical modulation by hybrid integration of silicon nanophotonics and organic electro-optic polymer,” arXiv 1503.01912 (2014).

R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics (Academic, 2003).

A. Nesic, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, D. Korn, S. Koenig, D. L. Elder, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, and C. G. Koos, “Demonstration of difference frequency generation in a silicon slot waveguide,” in CLEO:2014 (Optical Society of America, 2014), paper STh1I.2.

“Soluxra, llc,” http://www.soluxra.com/ .

W. Heni, C. Haffner, P. V. Johnston, D. L. Elder, Y. Fedoryshyn, R. Cottier, Y. Salamin, C. Hoessbacher, A. F. Tillack, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Optimizing plasmonic modulators for in-device nonlinearities of up to 275 pm/v,” in Integrated Photonics Research, Silicon and Nanophotonics(Optical Society of America, 2016), paper ITu1A.1.

“Gigoptix inc.,” http://www.gigoptix.com .

C. Hoessbacher, Y. Salamin, Y. Fedoryshyn, W. Heni, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, C. Haffner, M. Zahner, H. Chen, D. L. Elder, S. Wehrli, D. Hillerkuss, D. Van Thourhout, J. Van Campenhout, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, and J. Leuthold, “Optical interconnect with densely integrated plasmonic modulator and germanium photodetector arrays,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (Optical Society of America, 2016), paper Th1F.6.
[Crossref]

L. Dalton, P. Günter, M. Jazbinsek, O. Kwon, and P. Sullivan, Organic Electro-optics and Photonics (Cambridge, 2015).

P. V. Johnston, “Structure function paradigms of organic electrooptic materials,” in PhD Thesis (University of Washington, 2016).

A. F. Tillack, “Electro-optic material design criteria derived from condensed matter simulations using the level-of-detail coarse-graining approach,” in PhD Thesis (University of Washington, 2015).