Abstract

The ultrafast laser inscription technique was used to fabricate mid-infrared volume gratings in the bulk of chalcogenide glass IG2 (Ge33As12Se55). These gratings are spectrally characterized using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, by measuring the transmission spectrum over the entire transmission band of the IG2 substrate. The gratings exhibit first order diffraction across the entire 2–5 μm spectral band, with the specific transmission band tuned by changing the angle of incidence. Higher diffraction orders are also observed. High-resolution spectral data is presented alongside detailed modelling and analysis. This work provides the basis for future design of mid-infrared transmission gratings; ULI provides a low-cost, robust alternative to mid-infrared reflection gratings, with the added capability to engineer the grating response to a specific application.

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2017 (4)

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

J. Tepper, L. Labadie, R. Diener, S. Minardi, J. U. Pott, R. Thomson, and S. Nolte, “Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands,” Astron. Astrophys. 602, A66 (2017).
[Crossref]

P. Vojtíšek, M. Květoň, and I. Richter, “Effective spectral dispersion of refractive index modulation,” J. Opt. 19(4), 045603 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (1)

D. Lee, D. G. MacLachlan, H. L. Butcher, R. A. Brownsword, D. Weidmann, C. R. Cunningham, H. Schnetler, and R. R. Thomson, “Mid-infrared transmission gratings in chalcogenide glass manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Proc. SPIE 9912, 99122X (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (1)

2014 (2)

D. G. MacLachlan, D. Choudhury, A. Arriola, C. Cunningham, R. R. Thomson, A. Kirkham, and D. Lee, “Developing ultrafast laser inscribed volume gratings,” Proc. SPIE 9151, 91511H (2014).

D. Jakovels, J. Filipovs, G. Erins, and J. Taskovs, “Airborne hyperspectral imaging in the visible-to-mid wave infrared spectral range by fusing three spectral sensors,” Proc. SPIE 9245, 92450P (2014).
[Crossref]

2013 (3)

2012 (3)

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

R. R. Thomson, R. J. Harris, T. A. Birks, G. Brown, J. Allington-Smith, and J. Bland-Hawthorn, “Ultrafast laser inscription of a 121-waveguide fan-out for astrophotonics,” Opt. Lett. 37(12), 2331–2333 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Minardi, F. Dreisow, M. Gräfe, S. Nolte, and T. Pertsch, “Three-dimensional photonic component for multichannel coherence measurements,” Opt. Lett. 37(15), 3030–3032 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (1)

H. Amrania, A. P. McCrow, M. R. Matthews, S. G. Kazarian, M. K. Kuimova, and C. C. Phillips, “Ultrafast infrared chemical imaging of live cells,” Chem. Sci. (Camb.) 2(1), 107–111 (2011).
[Crossref]

2009 (1)

2006 (1)

2003 (1)

M. A. Kenworthy and P. M. Hinz, “Spectrophotometry with a transmission grating for detecting faint occultations,” Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 115(805), 322–333 (2003).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

J. A. Arns, W. S. Colburn, and S. C. Barden, “Volume phase gratings for spectroscopy, ultrafast laser compressors, and wavelength division multiplexing,” Proc. SPIE 3779, 313–323 (1999).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

Allington-Smith, J.

Allington-Smith, J. R.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

Amrania, H.

H. Amrania, A. P. McCrow, M. R. Matthews, S. G. Kazarian, M. K. Kuimova, and C. C. Phillips, “Ultrafast infrared chemical imaging of live cells,” Chem. Sci. (Camb.) 2(1), 107–111 (2011).
[Crossref]

Ams, M.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Ams, G. D. Marshall, and M. J. Withford, “Study of the influence of femtosecond laser polarisation on direct writing of waveguides,” Opt. Express 14(26), 13158–13163 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Arns, J. A.

J. A. Arns, W. S. Colburn, and S. C. Barden, “Volume phase gratings for spectroscopy, ultrafast laser compressors, and wavelength division multiplexing,” Proc. SPIE 3779, 313–323 (1999).
[Crossref]

Arriola, A.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

D. G. MacLachlan, D. Choudhury, A. Arriola, C. Cunningham, R. R. Thomson, A. Kirkham, and D. Lee, “Developing ultrafast laser inscribed volume gratings,” Proc. SPIE 9151, 91511H (2014).

Barden, S. C.

J. A. Arns, W. S. Colburn, and S. C. Barden, “Volume phase gratings for spectroscopy, ultrafast laser compressors, and wavelength division multiplexing,” Proc. SPIE 3779, 313–323 (1999).
[Crossref]

Basden, A. G.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

Birks, T. A.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

R. R. Thomson, R. J. Harris, T. A. Birks, G. Brown, J. Allington-Smith, and J. Bland-Hawthorn, “Ultrafast laser inscription of a 121-waveguide fan-out for astrophotonics,” Opt. Lett. 37(12), 2331–2333 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bland-Hawthorn, J.

Brown, G.

Brownsword, R. A.

D. Lee, D. G. MacLachlan, H. L. Butcher, R. A. Brownsword, D. Weidmann, C. R. Cunningham, H. Schnetler, and R. R. Thomson, “Mid-infrared transmission gratings in chalcogenide glass manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Proc. SPIE 9912, 99122X (2016).
[Crossref]

Bruegge, C. J.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Butcher, H. L.

D. Lee, D. G. MacLachlan, H. L. Butcher, R. A. Brownsword, D. Weidmann, C. R. Cunningham, H. Schnetler, and R. R. Thomson, “Mid-infrared transmission gratings in chalcogenide glass manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Proc. SPIE 9912, 99122X (2016).
[Crossref]

Cederberg, J. G.

Chapsky, L.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Charles, N.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Choudhury, D.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

D. G. MacLachlan, D. Choudhury, A. Arriola, C. Cunningham, R. R. Thomson, A. Kirkham, and D. Lee, “Developing ultrafast laser inscribed volume gratings,” Proc. SPIE 9151, 91511H (2014).

Colburn, W. S.

J. A. Arns, W. S. Colburn, and S. C. Barden, “Volume phase gratings for spectroscopy, ultrafast laser compressors, and wavelength division multiplexing,” Proc. SPIE 3779, 313–323 (1999).
[Crossref]

Coustenis, A.

G. Tinetti, T. Encrenaz, and A. Coustenis, “Spectroscopy of planetary atmospheres in our Galaxy,” Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 21(63), 1–65 (2013).

Crisp, D.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Cunningham, C.

D. G. MacLachlan, D. Choudhury, A. Arriola, C. Cunningham, R. R. Thomson, A. Kirkham, and D. Lee, “Developing ultrafast laser inscribed volume gratings,” Proc. SPIE 9151, 91511H (2014).

Cunningham, C. R.

D. Lee, D. G. MacLachlan, H. L. Butcher, R. A. Brownsword, D. Weidmann, C. R. Cunningham, H. Schnetler, and R. R. Thomson, “Mid-infrared transmission gratings in chalcogenide glass manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Proc. SPIE 9912, 99122X (2016).
[Crossref]

D. G. MacLachlan, R. R. Thomson, C. R. Cunningham, and D. Lee, “Mid-infrared volume phase gratings manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Opt. Mater. Express 3(10), 1616–1623 (2013).
[Crossref]

Davis, K. M.

Diener, R.

J. Tepper, L. Labadie, R. Diener, S. Minardi, J. U. Pott, R. Thomson, and S. Nolte, “Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands,” Astron. Astrophys. 602, A66 (2017).
[Crossref]

Doran, G. B.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Dreisow, F.

Eldering, A.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Encrenaz, T.

G. Tinetti, T. Encrenaz, and A. Coustenis, “Spectroscopy of planetary atmospheres in our Galaxy,” Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 21(63), 1–65 (2013).

Erins, G.

D. Jakovels, J. Filipovs, G. Erins, and J. Taskovs, “Airborne hyperspectral imaging in the visible-to-mid wave infrared spectral range by fusing three spectral sensors,” Proc. SPIE 9245, 92450P (2014).
[Crossref]

Filipovs, J.

D. Jakovels, J. Filipovs, G. Erins, and J. Taskovs, “Airborne hyperspectral imaging in the visible-to-mid wave infrared spectral range by fusing three spectral sensors,” Proc. SPIE 9245, 92450P (2014).
[Crossref]

Fisher, B. M.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Frankenberg, C.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Freitas, K.

Fu, D.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Fuerbach, A.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Gendron, E.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

Georges, M. P.

Gräfe, M.

Gris-Sánchez, I.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

Gross, S.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Gunson, M. R.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Harris, R. J.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

R. R. Thomson, R. J. Harris, T. A. Birks, G. Brown, J. Allington-Smith, and J. Bland-Hawthorn, “Ultrafast laser inscription of a 121-waveguide fan-out for astrophotonics,” Opt. Lett. 37(12), 2331–2333 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hinz, P. M.

M. A. Kenworthy and P. M. Hinz, “Spectrophotometry with a transmission grating for detecting faint occultations,” Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 115(805), 322–333 (2003).
[Crossref]

Hirao, K.

Ireland, M.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Jakovels, D.

D. Jakovels, J. Filipovs, G. Erins, and J. Taskovs, “Airborne hyperspectral imaging in the visible-to-mid wave infrared spectral range by fusing three spectral sensors,” Proc. SPIE 9245, 92450P (2014).
[Crossref]

Jovanovic, N.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Kazarian, S. G.

H. Amrania, A. P. McCrow, M. R. Matthews, S. G. Kazarian, M. K. Kuimova, and C. C. Phillips, “Ultrafast infrared chemical imaging of live cells,” Chem. Sci. (Camb.) 2(1), 107–111 (2011).
[Crossref]

Kenworthy, M. A.

M. A. Kenworthy and P. M. Hinz, “Spectrophotometry with a transmission grating for detecting faint occultations,” Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 115(805), 322–333 (2003).
[Crossref]

Kirkham, A.

D. G. MacLachlan, D. Choudhury, A. Arriola, C. Cunningham, R. R. Thomson, A. Kirkham, and D. Lee, “Developing ultrafast laser inscribed volume gratings,” Proc. SPIE 9151, 91511H (2014).

Krivoshlykov, S.

Kuimova, M. K.

H. Amrania, A. P. McCrow, M. R. Matthews, S. G. Kazarian, M. K. Kuimova, and C. C. Phillips, “Ultrafast infrared chemical imaging of live cells,” Chem. Sci. (Camb.) 2(1), 107–111 (2011).
[Crossref]

Kveton, M.

P. Vojtíšek, M. Květoň, and I. Richter, “Effective spectral dispersion of refractive index modulation,” J. Opt. 19(4), 045603 (2017).
[Crossref]

Labadie, L.

J. Tepper, L. Labadie, R. Diener, S. Minardi, J. U. Pott, R. Thomson, and S. Nolte, “Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands,” Astron. Astrophys. 602, A66 (2017).
[Crossref]

Lacour, S.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Lawrence, J. S.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Lee, D.

D. Lee, D. G. MacLachlan, H. L. Butcher, R. A. Brownsword, D. Weidmann, C. R. Cunningham, H. Schnetler, and R. R. Thomson, “Mid-infrared transmission gratings in chalcogenide glass manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Proc. SPIE 9912, 99122X (2016).
[Crossref]

D. G. MacLachlan, D. Choudhury, A. Arriola, C. Cunningham, R. R. Thomson, A. Kirkham, and D. Lee, “Developing ultrafast laser inscribed volume gratings,” Proc. SPIE 9151, 91511H (2014).

D. G. MacLachlan, R. R. Thomson, C. R. Cunningham, and D. Lee, “Mid-infrared volume phase gratings manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Opt. Mater. Express 3(10), 1616–1623 (2013).
[Crossref]

Lee, R. A. M.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Lehmann, A.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Loicq, J.

MacLachlan, D. G.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

D. Lee, D. G. MacLachlan, H. L. Butcher, R. A. Brownsword, D. Weidmann, C. R. Cunningham, H. Schnetler, and R. R. Thomson, “Mid-infrared transmission gratings in chalcogenide glass manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Proc. SPIE 9912, 99122X (2016).
[Crossref]

D. G. MacLachlan, D. Choudhury, A. Arriola, C. Cunningham, R. R. Thomson, A. Kirkham, and D. Lee, “Developing ultrafast laser inscribed volume gratings,” Proc. SPIE 9151, 91511H (2014).

D. G. MacLachlan, R. R. Thomson, C. R. Cunningham, and D. Lee, “Mid-infrared volume phase gratings manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Opt. Mater. Express 3(10), 1616–1623 (2013).
[Crossref]

Mandrake, L.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Marshall, G. D.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Ams, G. D. Marshall, and M. J. Withford, “Study of the influence of femtosecond laser polarisation on direct writing of waveguides,” Opt. Express 14(26), 13158–13163 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Matthews, M. R.

H. Amrania, A. P. McCrow, M. R. Matthews, S. G. Kazarian, M. K. Kuimova, and C. C. Phillips, “Ultrafast infrared chemical imaging of live cells,” Chem. Sci. (Camb.) 2(1), 107–111 (2011).
[Crossref]

McCrow, A. P.

H. Amrania, A. P. McCrow, M. R. Matthews, S. G. Kazarian, M. K. Kuimova, and C. C. Phillips, “Ultrafast infrared chemical imaging of live cells,” Chem. Sci. (Camb.) 2(1), 107–111 (2011).
[Crossref]

Minardi, S.

J. Tepper, L. Labadie, R. Diener, S. Minardi, J. U. Pott, R. Thomson, and S. Nolte, “Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands,” Astron. Astrophys. 602, A66 (2017).
[Crossref]

S. Minardi, F. Dreisow, M. Gräfe, S. Nolte, and T. Pertsch, “Three-dimensional photonic component for multichannel coherence measurements,” Opt. Lett. 37(15), 3030–3032 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Miura, K.

Morris, T. J.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

Niel, C.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Nolte, S.

J. Tepper, L. Labadie, R. Diener, S. Minardi, J. U. Pott, R. Thomson, and S. Nolte, “Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands,” Astron. Astrophys. 602, A66 (2017).
[Crossref]

S. Minardi, F. Dreisow, M. Gräfe, S. Nolte, and T. Pertsch, “Three-dimensional photonic component for multichannel coherence measurements,” Opt. Lett. 37(15), 3030–3032 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Norris, B.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

O’Dell, C. W.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Osterman, G. B.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Oyafuso, F. A.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Passmore, B.

Pertsch, T.

Phillips, C. C.

H. Amrania, A. P. McCrow, M. R. Matthews, S. G. Kazarian, M. K. Kuimova, and C. C. Phillips, “Ultrafast infrared chemical imaging of live cells,” Chem. Sci. (Camb.) 2(1), 107–111 (2011).
[Crossref]

Pollock, H. R.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Pott, J. U.

J. Tepper, L. Labadie, R. Diener, S. Minardi, J. U. Pott, R. Thomson, and S. Nolte, “Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands,” Astron. Astrophys. 602, A66 (2017).
[Crossref]

Ribaudo, T.

Richter, I.

P. Vojtíšek, M. Květoň, and I. Richter, “Effective spectral dispersion of refractive index modulation,” J. Opt. 19(4), 045603 (2017).
[Crossref]

Robertson, J. G.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Rosenberg, R.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Schnetler, H.

D. Lee, D. G. MacLachlan, H. L. Butcher, R. A. Brownsword, D. Weidmann, C. R. Cunningham, H. Schnetler, and R. R. Thomson, “Mid-infrared transmission gratings in chalcogenide glass manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Proc. SPIE 9912, 99122X (2016).
[Crossref]

Schwandner, F. M.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Shaner, E. A.

Spaleniak, I.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

Stewart, P.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Stockman, Y.

Sugimoto, N.

Sun, K.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Taskovs, J.

D. Jakovels, J. Filipovs, G. Erins, and J. Taskovs, “Airborne hyperspectral imaging in the visible-to-mid wave infrared spectral range by fusing three spectral sensors,” Proc. SPIE 9245, 92450P (2014).
[Crossref]

Taylor, T. E.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Tepper, J.

J. Tepper, L. Labadie, R. Diener, S. Minardi, J. U. Pott, R. Thomson, and S. Nolte, “Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands,” Astron. Astrophys. 602, A66 (2017).
[Crossref]

Thomson, R.

J. Tepper, L. Labadie, R. Diener, S. Minardi, J. U. Pott, R. Thomson, and S. Nolte, “Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands,” Astron. Astrophys. 602, A66 (2017).
[Crossref]

Thomson, R. R.

D. G. MacLachlan, R. J. Harris, I. Gris-Sánchez, T. J. Morris, D. Choudhury, E. Gendron, A. G. Basden, I. Spaleniak, A. Arriola, T. A. Birks, J. R. Allington-Smith, and R. R. Thomson, “Efficient photonic reformatting of celestial light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464(4), 4950–4957 (2017).
[Crossref]

D. Lee, D. G. MacLachlan, H. L. Butcher, R. A. Brownsword, D. Weidmann, C. R. Cunningham, H. Schnetler, and R. R. Thomson, “Mid-infrared transmission gratings in chalcogenide glass manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Proc. SPIE 9912, 99122X (2016).
[Crossref]

D. G. MacLachlan, D. Choudhury, A. Arriola, C. Cunningham, R. R. Thomson, A. Kirkham, and D. Lee, “Developing ultrafast laser inscribed volume gratings,” Proc. SPIE 9151, 91511H (2014).

D. G. MacLachlan, R. R. Thomson, C. R. Cunningham, and D. Lee, “Mid-infrared volume phase gratings manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Opt. Mater. Express 3(10), 1616–1623 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. R. Thomson, R. J. Harris, T. A. Birks, G. Brown, J. Allington-Smith, and J. Bland-Hawthorn, “Ultrafast laser inscription of a 121-waveguide fan-out for astrophotonics,” Opt. Lett. 37(12), 2331–2333 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tinetti, G.

G. Tinetti, T. Encrenaz, and A. Coustenis, “Spectroscopy of planetary atmospheres in our Galaxy,” Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 21(63), 1–65 (2013).

Tuthill, P. G.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
[Crossref]

Venancio, L. M.

Vojtíšek, P.

P. Vojtíšek, M. Květoň, and I. Richter, “Effective spectral dispersion of refractive index modulation,” J. Opt. 19(4), 045603 (2017).
[Crossref]

Wasserman, D.

Weidmann, D.

D. Lee, D. G. MacLachlan, H. L. Butcher, R. A. Brownsword, D. Weidmann, C. R. Cunningham, H. Schnetler, and R. R. Thomson, “Mid-infrared transmission gratings in chalcogenide glass manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription,” Proc. SPIE 9912, 99122X (2016).
[Crossref]

Wennberg, P. O.

D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, F. A. Oyafuso, C. Frankenberg, C. W. O’Dell, C. J. Bruegge, G. B. Doran, A. Eldering, B. M. Fisher, D. Fu, M. R. Gunson, L. Mandrake, G. B. Osterman, F. M. Schwandner, K. Sun, T. E. Taylor, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, “The on-orbit performance of the orbiting carbon observatory 2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 59–81 (2017).
[Crossref]

Withford, M. J.

N. Jovanovic, P. G. Tuthill, B. Norris, S. Gross, P. Stewart, N. Charles, S. Lacour, M. Ams, J. S. Lawrence, A. Lehmann, C. Niel, J. G. Robertson, G. D. Marshall, M. Ireland, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford, “Starlight demonstration of the Dragonfly instrument: an integrated photonic pupil-remapping interferometer for highcontrast imaging,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427(1), 806–815 (2012).
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Appl. Opt. (2)

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J. Tepper, L. Labadie, R. Diener, S. Minardi, J. U. Pott, R. Thomson, and S. Nolte, “Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands,” Astron. Astrophys. 602, A66 (2017).
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H. Amrania, A. P. McCrow, M. R. Matthews, S. G. Kazarian, M. K. Kuimova, and C. C. Phillips, “Ultrafast infrared chemical imaging of live cells,” Chem. Sci. (Camb.) 2(1), 107–111 (2011).
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[Crossref]

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) Plot of absolute zeroth and first order diffraction efficiencies for 15 layer IG2 gratings with varying inscription pulse energy. Diffraction efficiency was measured at 1.9 μm, with the angle optimized for maximum first order efficiency. b) Plot of first and zeroth order diffraction efficiency of the 12.8 nJ, 15 layer grating, as a function of wavelength. Grating transmission was measured under Littrow conditions. The transmission of an area of unmodified material is shown for reference.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) First order diffraction efficiency vs. wavelength for three different NIR grating thicknesses, measured in the Littrow configuration. (b) Corresponding optimum first order diffraction wavelength vs. grating thickness, for the NIR test gratings (red square) and the thicker MIR grating (blue). The linear fit (dashed) used to interpolate the design wavelength, calculated from the number of grating layers in the NIR (red), is also shown.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Image of the fabricated grating (square section) in the IG2 substrate (round disc). (b) Measurement setup, consisting of collimated beam accessory within the sample compartment of the Bruker Vertex 80v. Collimated beam section shown in red. Arrowheads indicate beam trajectory through sample compartment. The grating mount shown in the center is set up for static angle measurement; this can be replaced with a rotation mount for discrete angle measurement.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Measured transmission at discrete angles of incidence. Plots are truncated to show only the first (a), second (b), or third (c) order diffraction dip. The dashed black line (a) is the superblaze of the grating, the spline is for indication only.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Schematic of the grating structure, with definition of model parameters (bold). Refractive index profile shown (bottom) is along blue dashed line. Not to scale.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Measured (bold) and modelled (dashed) spectra for changing AOI, showing the first (a), second (b), and third (c) diffraction orders. The first order modelled superblaze (dashed black) is shown (a). (d) Theoretical first order diffraction for a collimated input beam, for the same model parameters. Thickness = 128 μm, Δn = 0.031, and AR = 0.175.

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