Abstract

We demonstrate the fabrication of an angle-chirped long-period fiber grating (ACLPFG) in a single-mode fiber via CO2 laser pulses. Because of the Berry phase introduced by the ACLPFG, the interference acquires an extra phase difference determined by the torsion of the device. By using that unique characteristic of the proposed device, a high sensitivity sine function torsion response is achieved. The torsion sensitivity is significantly improved, and the temperature crosstalk is effectively avoided by using the relative measurement technology. The torsion sensitivity is ~16 folds (~0.94 nm/ (rad/m)) higher than that of the normal long-period fiber grating (LPFG) with only ~0.006 nm/°C temperature crosstalk within the range of 25-80 °C, which is ~10 folds lower than that of the normal LPFG.

© 2017 Optical Society of America

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  1. L. Zhang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. H. Zhao, and T. Y. Wang, “High Sensitivity Twist Sensor Based on Helical Long Period Grating Written in Two-Mode Fiber,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1629–1632 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  2. D. Yu, Q. Mo, Z. Hong, S. Fu, C. Sima, M. Tang, and D. Liu, “Temperature-insensitive fiber twist sensor based on elliptical-core few-mode fiber,” Opt. Lett. 41(20), 4617–4620 (2016).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. Q. Zhou, W. Zhang, L. Chen, T. Yan, L. Zhang, L. Wang, and B. Wang, “Fiber torsion sensor based on a twist taper in polarization-maintaining fiber,” Opt. Express 23(18), 23877–23886 (2015).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. B. Song, Y. Miao, W. Lin, H. Zhang, J. Wu, and B. Liu, “Multi-mode interferometer-based twist sensor with low temperature sensitivity employing square coreless fibers,” Opt. Express 21(22), 26806–26811 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  5. C. Y. Lin, L. A. Wang, and G. W. Chern, “Corrugated Long-Period Fiber Gratings as Strain, Torsion, and Bending Sensors,” J. Lightwave Technol. 19(8), 1159–1168 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  6. F. Yang, Z. Fang, Z. Pan, Q. Ye, H. Cai, and R. Qu, “Orthogonal polarization mode coupling for pure twisted polarization maintaining fiber Bragg gratings,” Opt. Express 20(27), 28839–28845 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. X. Chen, K. Zhou, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, “In-fiber twist sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating with 81 tilted structure,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(24), 2596–2598 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  8. Y. P. Wang, J. P. Chen, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion characteristics of long period fiber gratings induced by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22(6), 1167–1172 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  9. Y. J. Rao, T. Zhu, and Q. J. Mo, “Highly sensitive fiber-optic torsion sensor based on an ultra-long-period fiber grating,” Opt. Commun. 266(1), 187–190 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  10. B. Huang and X. Shu, “Ultra-compact strain- and temperature-insensitive torsion sensor based on a line-by-line inscribed phase-shifted FBG,” Opt. Express 24(16), 17670–17679 (2016).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. J. Y. Cho, J. H. Lim, and K. S. Lee, “Optical fiber twist sensor with two orthogonally oriented mechanically induced long-period grating sections,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17(2), 453–455 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  12. S. Oh, K. R. Lee, U. C. Paek, and Y. Chung, “Fabrication of helical long-period fiber gratings by use of a CO2 laser,” Opt. Lett. 29(13), 1464–1466 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. J. Ruan, W. G. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. M. Yin, X. L. Li, P. C. Geng, and X. L. Xue, “Temperature and twist characteristics of cascaded long-period fiber gratings written in polarization-maintaining fibers,” J. Opt. 14(10), 105403 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  14. L. L. Shi, T. Zhu, Y. E. Fan, K. S. Chiang, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion sensing with a fiber ring laser incorporating a pair of rotary long-period fiber gratings,” Opt. Commun. 284(22), 5299–5302 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  15. L. Xian, P. Wang, and H. Li, “Power-interrogated and simultaneous measurement of temperature and torsion using paired helical long-period fiber gratings with opposite helicities,” Opt. Express 22(17), 20260–20267 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. H. L. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. D. Xie, Z. Zhang, T. Y. Yan, and B. Wang, “Bidirectional Torsion Sensor Based on a Pair of Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1700–1702 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  17. K. J. Fang, Z. F. Yu, and S. H. Fan, “Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 782–787 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  18. S. L. Wei, W. G. Zhang, H. J. Fan, P. C. Geng, J. B. Shang, L. M. Yin, and X. L. Xue, “Study on spectral properties of tilted long-period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” Acta Opt. Sinica. 31(8), 0806006 (2011).
  19. Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
    [Crossref]
  20. A. C. M. Carollo and J. K. Pachos, “Geometric phases and criticality in spin-chain systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(15), 157203 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. U. L. Block, V. Dangui, M. J. F. Digonnet, and M. M. Fejer, “Origin of apparent resonance mode splitting in bent long-period fiber gratings,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24(2), 1027–1034 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  22. Y. J. Rao, Y. P. Wang, Z. L. Ran, and T. Zhu, “Novel Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Long-Period Fiber Gratings Written by High-Frequency CO2 Laser Pulses,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21(5), 1320–1327 (2003).
    [Crossref]

2016 (4)

L. Zhang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. H. Zhao, and T. Y. Wang, “High Sensitivity Twist Sensor Based on Helical Long Period Grating Written in Two-Mode Fiber,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1629–1632 (2016).
[Crossref]

H. L. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. D. Xie, Z. Zhang, T. Y. Yan, and B. Wang, “Bidirectional Torsion Sensor Based on a Pair of Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1700–1702 (2016).
[Crossref]

B. Huang and X. Shu, “Ultra-compact strain- and temperature-insensitive torsion sensor based on a line-by-line inscribed phase-shifted FBG,” Opt. Express 24(16), 17670–17679 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Yu, Q. Mo, Z. Hong, S. Fu, C. Sima, M. Tang, and D. Liu, “Temperature-insensitive fiber twist sensor based on elliptical-core few-mode fiber,” Opt. Lett. 41(20), 4617–4620 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2015 (2)

Q. Zhou, W. Zhang, L. Chen, T. Yan, L. Zhang, L. Wang, and B. Wang, “Fiber torsion sensor based on a twist taper in polarization-maintaining fiber,” Opt. Express 23(18), 23877–23886 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
[Crossref]

2014 (1)

2013 (1)

2012 (3)

F. Yang, Z. Fang, Z. Pan, Q. Ye, H. Cai, and R. Qu, “Orthogonal polarization mode coupling for pure twisted polarization maintaining fiber Bragg gratings,” Opt. Express 20(27), 28839–28845 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Ruan, W. G. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. M. Yin, X. L. Li, P. C. Geng, and X. L. Xue, “Temperature and twist characteristics of cascaded long-period fiber gratings written in polarization-maintaining fibers,” J. Opt. 14(10), 105403 (2012).
[Crossref]

K. J. Fang, Z. F. Yu, and S. H. Fan, “Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 782–787 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

S. L. Wei, W. G. Zhang, H. J. Fan, P. C. Geng, J. B. Shang, L. M. Yin, and X. L. Xue, “Study on spectral properties of tilted long-period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” Acta Opt. Sinica. 31(8), 0806006 (2011).

L. L. Shi, T. Zhu, Y. E. Fan, K. S. Chiang, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion sensing with a fiber ring laser incorporating a pair of rotary long-period fiber gratings,” Opt. Commun. 284(22), 5299–5302 (2011).
[Crossref]

2006 (3)

U. L. Block, V. Dangui, M. J. F. Digonnet, and M. M. Fejer, “Origin of apparent resonance mode splitting in bent long-period fiber gratings,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24(2), 1027–1034 (2006).
[Crossref]

X. Chen, K. Zhou, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, “In-fiber twist sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating with 81 tilted structure,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(24), 2596–2598 (2006).
[Crossref]

Y. J. Rao, T. Zhu, and Q. J. Mo, “Highly sensitive fiber-optic torsion sensor based on an ultra-long-period fiber grating,” Opt. Commun. 266(1), 187–190 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (3)

J. Y. Cho, J. H. Lim, and K. S. Lee, “Optical fiber twist sensor with two orthogonally oriented mechanically induced long-period grating sections,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17(2), 453–455 (2005).
[Crossref]

A. C. M. Carollo and J. K. Pachos, “Geometric phases and criticality in spin-chain systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(15), 157203 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. P. Wang, J. P. Chen, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion characteristics of long period fiber gratings induced by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22(6), 1167–1172 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

2003 (1)

2001 (1)

Bai, Z. Y.

Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
[Crossref]

Bennion, I.

X. Chen, K. Zhou, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, “In-fiber twist sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating with 81 tilted structure,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(24), 2596–2598 (2006).
[Crossref]

Block, U. L.

Cai, H.

Carollo, A. C. M.

A. C. M. Carollo and J. K. Pachos, “Geometric phases and criticality in spin-chain systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(15), 157203 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, J. P.

Chen, L.

H. L. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. D. Xie, Z. Zhang, T. Y. Yan, and B. Wang, “Bidirectional Torsion Sensor Based on a Pair of Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1700–1702 (2016).
[Crossref]

Q. Zhou, W. Zhang, L. Chen, T. Yan, L. Zhang, L. Wang, and B. Wang, “Fiber torsion sensor based on a twist taper in polarization-maintaining fiber,” Opt. Express 23(18), 23877–23886 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
[Crossref]

Chen, X.

X. Chen, K. Zhou, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, “In-fiber twist sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating with 81 tilted structure,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(24), 2596–2598 (2006).
[Crossref]

Chern, G. W.

Chiang, K. S.

L. L. Shi, T. Zhu, Y. E. Fan, K. S. Chiang, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion sensing with a fiber ring laser incorporating a pair of rotary long-period fiber gratings,” Opt. Commun. 284(22), 5299–5302 (2011).
[Crossref]

Cho, J. Y.

J. Y. Cho, J. H. Lim, and K. S. Lee, “Optical fiber twist sensor with two orthogonally oriented mechanically induced long-period grating sections,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17(2), 453–455 (2005).
[Crossref]

Chung, Y.

Dangui, V.

Digonnet, M. J. F.

Fan, H. J.

S. L. Wei, W. G. Zhang, H. J. Fan, P. C. Geng, J. B. Shang, L. M. Yin, and X. L. Xue, “Study on spectral properties of tilted long-period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” Acta Opt. Sinica. 31(8), 0806006 (2011).

Fan, S. H.

K. J. Fang, Z. F. Yu, and S. H. Fan, “Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 782–787 (2012).
[Crossref]

Fan, Y. E.

L. L. Shi, T. Zhu, Y. E. Fan, K. S. Chiang, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion sensing with a fiber ring laser incorporating a pair of rotary long-period fiber gratings,” Opt. Commun. 284(22), 5299–5302 (2011).
[Crossref]

Fang, K. J.

K. J. Fang, Z. F. Yu, and S. H. Fan, “Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 782–787 (2012).
[Crossref]

Fang, Z.

Fejer, M. M.

Fu, S.

Geng, P. C.

J. Ruan, W. G. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. M. Yin, X. L. Li, P. C. Geng, and X. L. Xue, “Temperature and twist characteristics of cascaded long-period fiber gratings written in polarization-maintaining fibers,” J. Opt. 14(10), 105403 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. L. Wei, W. G. Zhang, H. J. Fan, P. C. Geng, J. B. Shang, L. M. Yin, and X. L. Xue, “Study on spectral properties of tilted long-period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” Acta Opt. Sinica. 31(8), 0806006 (2011).

Hong, Z.

Huang, B.

Lee, K. R.

Lee, K. S.

J. Y. Cho, J. H. Lim, and K. S. Lee, “Optical fiber twist sensor with two orthogonally oriented mechanically induced long-period grating sections,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17(2), 453–455 (2005).
[Crossref]

Li, H.

Li, X. L.

J. Ruan, W. G. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. M. Yin, X. L. Li, P. C. Geng, and X. L. Xue, “Temperature and twist characteristics of cascaded long-period fiber gratings written in polarization-maintaining fibers,” J. Opt. 14(10), 105403 (2012).
[Crossref]

Lim, J. H.

J. Y. Cho, J. H. Lim, and K. S. Lee, “Optical fiber twist sensor with two orthogonally oriented mechanically induced long-period grating sections,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17(2), 453–455 (2005).
[Crossref]

Lin, C. Y.

Lin, W.

Liu, B.

Liu, D.

Liu, Y. Q.

L. Zhang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. H. Zhao, and T. Y. Wang, “High Sensitivity Twist Sensor Based on Helical Long Period Grating Written in Two-Mode Fiber,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1629–1632 (2016).
[Crossref]

Miao, Y.

Mo, Q.

Mo, Q. J.

Y. J. Rao, T. Zhu, and Q. J. Mo, “Highly sensitive fiber-optic torsion sensor based on an ultra-long-period fiber grating,” Opt. Commun. 266(1), 187–190 (2006).
[Crossref]

Oh, S.

Pachos, J. K.

A. C. M. Carollo and J. K. Pachos, “Geometric phases and criticality in spin-chain systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(15), 157203 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Paek, U. C.

Pan, Z.

Qu, R.

Ran, Z. L.

Rao, Y. J.

L. L. Shi, T. Zhu, Y. E. Fan, K. S. Chiang, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion sensing with a fiber ring laser incorporating a pair of rotary long-period fiber gratings,” Opt. Commun. 284(22), 5299–5302 (2011).
[Crossref]

Y. J. Rao, T. Zhu, and Q. J. Mo, “Highly sensitive fiber-optic torsion sensor based on an ultra-long-period fiber grating,” Opt. Commun. 266(1), 187–190 (2006).
[Crossref]

Y. P. Wang, J. P. Chen, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion characteristics of long period fiber gratings induced by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22(6), 1167–1172 (2005).
[Crossref]

Y. J. Rao, Y. P. Wang, Z. L. Ran, and T. Zhu, “Novel Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Long-Period Fiber Gratings Written by High-Frequency CO2 Laser Pulses,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21(5), 1320–1327 (2003).
[Crossref]

Ruan, J.

J. Ruan, W. G. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. M. Yin, X. L. Li, P. C. Geng, and X. L. Xue, “Temperature and twist characteristics of cascaded long-period fiber gratings written in polarization-maintaining fibers,” J. Opt. 14(10), 105403 (2012).
[Crossref]

Shang, J. B.

S. L. Wei, W. G. Zhang, H. J. Fan, P. C. Geng, J. B. Shang, L. M. Yin, and X. L. Xue, “Study on spectral properties of tilted long-period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” Acta Opt. Sinica. 31(8), 0806006 (2011).

Shi, L. L.

L. L. Shi, T. Zhu, Y. E. Fan, K. S. Chiang, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion sensing with a fiber ring laser incorporating a pair of rotary long-period fiber gratings,” Opt. Commun. 284(22), 5299–5302 (2011).
[Crossref]

Shu, X.

Sima, C.

Song, B.

Tang, M.

Wang, B.

H. L. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. D. Xie, Z. Zhang, T. Y. Yan, and B. Wang, “Bidirectional Torsion Sensor Based on a Pair of Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1700–1702 (2016).
[Crossref]

Q. Zhou, W. Zhang, L. Chen, T. Yan, L. Zhang, L. Wang, and B. Wang, “Fiber torsion sensor based on a twist taper in polarization-maintaining fiber,” Opt. Express 23(18), 23877–23886 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
[Crossref]

Wang, L.

Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
[Crossref]

Q. Zhou, W. Zhang, L. Chen, T. Yan, L. Zhang, L. Wang, and B. Wang, “Fiber torsion sensor based on a twist taper in polarization-maintaining fiber,” Opt. Express 23(18), 23877–23886 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, L. A.

Wang, P.

Wang, T. Y.

L. Zhang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. H. Zhao, and T. Y. Wang, “High Sensitivity Twist Sensor Based on Helical Long Period Grating Written in Two-Mode Fiber,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1629–1632 (2016).
[Crossref]

Wang, Y. P.

Wei, S. L.

S. L. Wei, W. G. Zhang, H. J. Fan, P. C. Geng, J. B. Shang, L. M. Yin, and X. L. Xue, “Study on spectral properties of tilted long-period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” Acta Opt. Sinica. 31(8), 0806006 (2011).

Wu, J.

Xian, L.

Xie, Z. D.

H. L. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. D. Xie, Z. Zhang, T. Y. Yan, and B. Wang, “Bidirectional Torsion Sensor Based on a Pair of Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1700–1702 (2016).
[Crossref]

Xue, X. L.

J. Ruan, W. G. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. M. Yin, X. L. Li, P. C. Geng, and X. L. Xue, “Temperature and twist characteristics of cascaded long-period fiber gratings written in polarization-maintaining fibers,” J. Opt. 14(10), 105403 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. L. Wei, W. G. Zhang, H. J. Fan, P. C. Geng, J. B. Shang, L. M. Yin, and X. L. Xue, “Study on spectral properties of tilted long-period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” Acta Opt. Sinica. 31(8), 0806006 (2011).

Yan, T.

Yan, T. Y.

H. L. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. D. Xie, Z. Zhang, T. Y. Yan, and B. Wang, “Bidirectional Torsion Sensor Based on a Pair of Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1700–1702 (2016).
[Crossref]

Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
[Crossref]

Yang, F.

Ye, Q.

Yin, L. M.

J. Ruan, W. G. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. M. Yin, X. L. Li, P. C. Geng, and X. L. Xue, “Temperature and twist characteristics of cascaded long-period fiber gratings written in polarization-maintaining fibers,” J. Opt. 14(10), 105403 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. L. Wei, W. G. Zhang, H. J. Fan, P. C. Geng, J. B. Shang, L. M. Yin, and X. L. Xue, “Study on spectral properties of tilted long-period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” Acta Opt. Sinica. 31(8), 0806006 (2011).

Yu, D.

Yu, Z. F.

K. J. Fang, Z. F. Yu, and S. H. Fan, “Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 782–787 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zhang, H.

B. Song, Y. Miao, W. Lin, H. Zhang, J. Wu, and B. Liu, “Multi-mode interferometer-based twist sensor with low temperature sensitivity employing square coreless fibers,” Opt. Express 21(22), 26806–26811 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Ruan, W. G. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. M. Yin, X. L. Li, P. C. Geng, and X. L. Xue, “Temperature and twist characteristics of cascaded long-period fiber gratings written in polarization-maintaining fibers,” J. Opt. 14(10), 105403 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zhang, H. L.

H. L. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. D. Xie, Z. Zhang, T. Y. Yan, and B. Wang, “Bidirectional Torsion Sensor Based on a Pair of Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1700–1702 (2016).
[Crossref]

Zhang, L.

L. Zhang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. H. Zhao, and T. Y. Wang, “High Sensitivity Twist Sensor Based on Helical Long Period Grating Written in Two-Mode Fiber,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1629–1632 (2016).
[Crossref]

Q. Zhou, W. Zhang, L. Chen, T. Yan, L. Zhang, L. Wang, and B. Wang, “Fiber torsion sensor based on a twist taper in polarization-maintaining fiber,” Opt. Express 23(18), 23877–23886 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Chen, K. Zhou, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, “In-fiber twist sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating with 81 tilted structure,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(24), 2596–2598 (2006).
[Crossref]

Zhang, L. Y.

Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
[Crossref]

Zhang, W.

Zhang, W. G.

H. L. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. D. Xie, Z. Zhang, T. Y. Yan, and B. Wang, “Bidirectional Torsion Sensor Based on a Pair of Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1700–1702 (2016).
[Crossref]

Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. Ruan, W. G. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. M. Yin, X. L. Li, P. C. Geng, and X. L. Xue, “Temperature and twist characteristics of cascaded long-period fiber gratings written in polarization-maintaining fibers,” J. Opt. 14(10), 105403 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. L. Wei, W. G. Zhang, H. J. Fan, P. C. Geng, J. B. Shang, L. M. Yin, and X. L. Xue, “Study on spectral properties of tilted long-period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” Acta Opt. Sinica. 31(8), 0806006 (2011).

Zhang, Z.

H. L. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. D. Xie, Z. Zhang, T. Y. Yan, and B. Wang, “Bidirectional Torsion Sensor Based on a Pair of Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1700–1702 (2016).
[Crossref]

Zhao, Y. H.

L. Zhang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. H. Zhao, and T. Y. Wang, “High Sensitivity Twist Sensor Based on Helical Long Period Grating Written in Two-Mode Fiber,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1629–1632 (2016).
[Crossref]

Zhou, K.

X. Chen, K. Zhou, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, “In-fiber twist sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating with 81 tilted structure,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(24), 2596–2598 (2006).
[Crossref]

Zhou, Q.

Q. Zhou, W. Zhang, L. Chen, T. Yan, L. Zhang, L. Wang, and B. Wang, “Fiber torsion sensor based on a twist taper in polarization-maintaining fiber,” Opt. Express 23(18), 23877–23886 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
[Crossref]

Zhu, T.

L. L. Shi, T. Zhu, Y. E. Fan, K. S. Chiang, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion sensing with a fiber ring laser incorporating a pair of rotary long-period fiber gratings,” Opt. Commun. 284(22), 5299–5302 (2011).
[Crossref]

Y. J. Rao, T. Zhu, and Q. J. Mo, “Highly sensitive fiber-optic torsion sensor based on an ultra-long-period fiber grating,” Opt. Commun. 266(1), 187–190 (2006).
[Crossref]

Y. J. Rao, Y. P. Wang, Z. L. Ran, and T. Zhu, “Novel Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Long-Period Fiber Gratings Written by High-Frequency CO2 Laser Pulses,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21(5), 1320–1327 (2003).
[Crossref]

Acta Opt. Sinica. (1)

S. L. Wei, W. G. Zhang, H. J. Fan, P. C. Geng, J. B. Shang, L. M. Yin, and X. L. Xue, “Study on spectral properties of tilted long-period fiber grating written by high-frequency CO2 laser pulses,” Acta Opt. Sinica. 31(8), 0806006 (2011).

IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. (5)

Q. Zhou, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Y. Bai, L. Y. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wang, and T. Y. Yan, “Bending Vector Sensor Based on a sector-shaped long-period grating,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(7), 713–716 (2015).
[Crossref]

L. Zhang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. H. Zhao, and T. Y. Wang, “High Sensitivity Twist Sensor Based on Helical Long Period Grating Written in Two-Mode Fiber,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1629–1632 (2016).
[Crossref]

X. Chen, K. Zhou, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, “In-fiber twist sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating with 81 tilted structure,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(24), 2596–2598 (2006).
[Crossref]

J. Y. Cho, J. H. Lim, and K. S. Lee, “Optical fiber twist sensor with two orthogonally oriented mechanically induced long-period grating sections,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17(2), 453–455 (2005).
[Crossref]

H. L. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. D. Xie, Z. Zhang, T. Y. Yan, and B. Wang, “Bidirectional Torsion Sensor Based on a Pair of Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(15), 1700–1702 (2016).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (3)

J. Opt. (1)

J. Ruan, W. G. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. M. Yin, X. L. Li, P. C. Geng, and X. L. Xue, “Temperature and twist characteristics of cascaded long-period fiber gratings written in polarization-maintaining fibers,” J. Opt. 14(10), 105403 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Nat. Photonics (1)

K. J. Fang, Z. F. Yu, and S. H. Fan, “Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation,” Nat. Photonics 6(11), 782–787 (2012).
[Crossref]

Opt. Commun. (2)

Y. J. Rao, T. Zhu, and Q. J. Mo, “Highly sensitive fiber-optic torsion sensor based on an ultra-long-period fiber grating,” Opt. Commun. 266(1), 187–190 (2006).
[Crossref]

L. L. Shi, T. Zhu, Y. E. Fan, K. S. Chiang, and Y. J. Rao, “Torsion sensing with a fiber ring laser incorporating a pair of rotary long-period fiber gratings,” Opt. Commun. 284(22), 5299–5302 (2011).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (5)

Opt. Lett. (2)

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

A. C. M. Carollo and J. K. Pachos, “Geometric phases and criticality in spin-chain systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(15), 157203 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the manufacturing and experimental setup.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Structure schematic of the ACLPFGs.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Transmission spectra of a normal LPFG (olive), 1° tilted ACLPFG (orange),2° tilted ACLPFG (blue); (b) 3° tilted ACLPFG (black).

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Resonant wavelength shift against the twist applied.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) Resonant wavelength shift against twist rate; (b) Twist response of the different dips.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Temperature response of Dip A (red), Dip B (blue), and Dip B-Dip A (green).

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Equations (5)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

Δ n cl = n cl σ( z ′ ) cos θ i [1+cos( 2π Λ T z ′ )],
I= E 1 2 + E 2 2 +2 E 1 E 2 cosψ,
ψ= 2π λ ( ∫ z n 1 d z 1 − ∫ z n 2 d z 2 )= 2π λ ∮ n⋅dz
∮ n⋅dz = ∮ n 0 dz +ηsinγ
λ=−2π ∮ n 0 dz −2πηsinγ

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