Abstract

Passively mode-locked fiber lasers have been intensively applied in various research fields. However, the passive mode-locking typically operates in free-running regime, which easily produces messy multiple pulses due to the fruitful nonlinear effects involved in optical fibers. Actively controlling those disordered pulses in a passively mode-locked laser is of great interest but rarely studied. In this work, we experimentally investigate a flexible pulse-spacing manipulation in the passively mode-locked multipulse fiber laser by both intracavity and extracavity methods. A tuning range of pulse spacing up to 1.5 ns is achieved. More importantly, continuous pulse-spacing modulation is successfully demonstrated through external optical injection. It is anticipated that the results can contribute to the understanding of laser nonlinear dynamics and pursuing the optimal performance of passively mode-locked fiber lasers for practical applications.

© 2017 Optical Society of America

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References

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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]

2016 (2)

2015 (3)

A. F. J. Runge, N. G. R. Broderick, and M. Erkintalo, “Observation of soliton explosions in a passively mode-locked fiber laser,” Optica 2(1), 36–39 (2015).
[Crossref]

Y. Xu, Y. Song, G. Du, P. Yan, C. Guo, G. Zheng, and S. Ruan, “Soliton dynamic patterns of a passively mode-locked fber laser operating in a 2μm region,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(4), 045108 (2015).
[Crossref]

X. Wei, Y. Xu, S. Tan, S. Xu, Z. Yang, K. K. Tsia, and K. K. Y. Wong, “Pulsing Manipulation in a 1.55-µm Mode-Locked Fiber Laser by a 1-µm Optical Pattern,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(18), 1949–1952 (2015).
[Crossref]

2014 (5)

A. Niang, F. Amrani, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser through continuous external optical injection,” Opt. Commun. 312, 1–6 (2014).
[Crossref]

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. W. Freudiger, W. Yang, G. R. Holtom, N. Peyghambarian, X. S. Xie, and K. Q. Kieu, “Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with a robust fibre laser source,” Nat. Photonics 8(2), 153–159 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Lecaplain and P. Grelu, “Rogue waves among noiselike-pulse laser emission: An experimental investigation,” Phys. Rev. A 90(1), 013805 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. F. J. Runge, C. Aguergaray, N. G. R. Broderick, and M. Erkintalo, “Raman rogue waves in a partially mode-locked fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 39(2), 319–322 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (2)

J. K. Jang, M. Erkintalo, S. G. Murdoch, and S. Coen, “Ultraweak long-range interactions of solitons observed over astronomical distances,” Nat. Photonics 7(8), 657–663 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Xu and F. W. Wise, “Recent advances in fibre lasers for nonlinear microscopy,” Nat. Photonics 7(11), 875–882 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (3)

P. Grelu and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative solitons for mode-locked lasers,” Nat. Photonics 6(2), 84–92 (2012).
[Crossref]

C. Lecaplain, P. Grelu, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative Rogue Waves Generated by Chaotic Pulse Bunching in a Mode-Locked Laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(23), 233901 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. C. Luo, W. J. Cao, Z. B. Lin, Z. R. Cai, A. P. Luo, and W. C. Xu, “Pulse dynamics of dissipative soliton resonance with large duration-tuning range in a fiber ring laser,” Opt. Lett. 37(22), 4777–4779 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (1)

2010 (2)

F. Amrani, A. Haboucha, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Dissipative solitons compounds in a fiber laser. Analogy with the states of the matter,” Appl. Phys. B 99(1), 107–114 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. Chouli and P. Grelu, “Soliton rains in a fiber laser: An experimental study,” Phys. Rev. A 81(6), 063829 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (2)

2008 (2)

W. Chang, A. Ankiewicz, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative soliton resonances,” Phys. Rev. A 78(2), 023830 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

D. R. Solli, C. Ropers, P. Koonath, and B. Jalali, “Optical rogue waves,” Nature 450(7172), 1054–1057 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wanner, E. L. Tanzi, and T. S. Alster, “Fractional photothermolysis: treatment of facial and nonfacial cutaneous photodamage with a 1,550-nm erbium-doped fiber laser,” Dermatol. Surg. 33(1), 23–28 (2007).
[PubMed]

2005 (3)

D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, B. Zhao, and A. Q. Liu, “Mechanism of multisoliton formation and soliton energy quantization in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 72(4), 043816 (2005).
[Crossref]

D. Y. Tang, B. Zhao, L. M. Zhao, and H. Y. Tam, “Soliton interaction in a fiber ring laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 72(1), 016616 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Stratmann, T. Pagel, and F. Mitschke, “Experimental observation of temporal soliton molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(14), 143902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (1)

1999 (1)

D. Y. Tang, W. S. Man, and H. Y. Tam, “Stimulated soliton pulse formation and its mechanism in a passively mode-locked fibre soliton laser,” Opt. Commun. 165(4-6), 189–194 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

B. E. Bouma, L. E. Nelson, G. J. Tearney, D. J. Jones, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomographic imaging of human tissue at 1.55 μm and 1.81 μm using Er-and Tm-doped fiber sources,” J. Biomed. Opt. 3(1), 76–79 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1995 (1)

1994 (1)

1993 (1)

1991 (1)

1987 (1)

1986 (2)

1972 (1)

E. P. Ippen, C. V. Shank, and A. Dienes, “Passive mode locking of the cw dye laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 21(8), 348–350 (1972).
[Crossref]

Afanasjev, V. V.

Aguergaray, C.

Akhmediev, N.

P. Grelu and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative solitons for mode-locked lasers,” Nat. Photonics 6(2), 84–92 (2012).
[Crossref]

C. Lecaplain, P. Grelu, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative Rogue Waves Generated by Chaotic Pulse Bunching in a Mode-Locked Laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(23), 233901 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Chang, A. Ankiewicz, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative soliton resonances,” Phys. Rev. A 78(2), 023830 (2008).
[Crossref]

Alster, T. S.

M. Wanner, E. L. Tanzi, and T. S. Alster, “Fractional photothermolysis: treatment of facial and nonfacial cutaneous photodamage with a 1,550-nm erbium-doped fiber laser,” Dermatol. Surg. 33(1), 23–28 (2007).
[PubMed]

Amrani, F.

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Niang, F. Amrani, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser through continuous external optical injection,” Opt. Commun. 312, 1–6 (2014).
[Crossref]

F. Amrani, A. Haboucha, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Dissipative solitons compounds in a fiber laser. Analogy with the states of the matter,” Appl. Phys. B 99(1), 107–114 (2010).
[Crossref]

Ankiewicz, A.

W. Chang, A. Ankiewicz, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative soliton resonances,” Phys. Rev. A 78(2), 023830 (2008).
[Crossref]

Bouma, B. E.

B. E. Bouma, L. E. Nelson, G. J. Tearney, D. J. Jones, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomographic imaging of human tissue at 1.55 μm and 1.81 μm using Er-and Tm-doped fiber sources,” J. Biomed. Opt. 3(1), 76–79 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Brezinski, M. E.

B. E. Bouma, L. E. Nelson, G. J. Tearney, D. J. Jones, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomographic imaging of human tissue at 1.55 μm and 1.81 μm using Er-and Tm-doped fiber sources,” J. Biomed. Opt. 3(1), 76–79 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Broderick, N. G. R.

Cai, Z. R.

Cao, W. J.

Chang, W.

W. Chang, A. Ankiewicz, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative soliton resonances,” Phys. Rev. A 78(2), 023830 (2008).
[Crossref]

Chouli, S.

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Chouli and P. Grelu, “Soliton rains in a fiber laser: An experimental study,” Phys. Rev. A 81(6), 063829 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. Chouli and P. Grelu, “Rains of solitons in a fiber laser,” Opt. Express 17(14), 11776–11781 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Coen, S.

J. K. Jang, M. Erkintalo, S. G. Murdoch, and S. Coen, “Ultraweak long-range interactions of solitons observed over astronomical distances,” Nat. Photonics 7(8), 657–663 (2013).
[Crossref]

Cui, H.

Dienes, A.

E. P. Ippen, C. V. Shank, and A. Dienes, “Passive mode locking of the cw dye laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 21(8), 348–350 (1972).
[Crossref]

Ding, E.

Du, G.

Y. Xu, Y. Song, G. Du, P. Yan, C. Guo, G. Zheng, and S. Ruan, “Soliton dynamic patterns of a passively mode-locked fber laser operating in a 2μm region,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(4), 045108 (2015).
[Crossref]

Duling, I. N.

Erkintalo, M.

Fermann, M. E.

Freudiger, C. W.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Yang, G. R. Holtom, N. Peyghambarian, X. S. Xie, and K. Q. Kieu, “Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with a robust fibre laser source,” Nat. Photonics 8(2), 153–159 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fujimoto, J. G.

B. E. Bouma, L. E. Nelson, G. J. Tearney, D. J. Jones, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomographic imaging of human tissue at 1.55 μm and 1.81 μm using Er-and Tm-doped fiber sources,” J. Biomed. Opt. 3(1), 76–79 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gattass, R. R.

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

Golovchenko, E. A.

Gordon, J. P.

Grelu, P.

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Lecaplain and P. Grelu, “Rogue waves among noiselike-pulse laser emission: An experimental investigation,” Phys. Rev. A 90(1), 013805 (2014).
[Crossref]

P. Grelu and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative solitons for mode-locked lasers,” Nat. Photonics 6(2), 84–92 (2012).
[Crossref]

C. Lecaplain, P. Grelu, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative Rogue Waves Generated by Chaotic Pulse Bunching in a Mode-Locked Laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(23), 233901 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Ding, P. Grelu, and J. N. Kutz, “Dissipative soliton resonance in a passively mode-locked fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1146–1148 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Chouli and P. Grelu, “Soliton rains in a fiber laser: An experimental study,” Phys. Rev. A 81(6), 063829 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. Chouli and P. Grelu, “Rains of solitons in a fiber laser,” Opt. Express 17(14), 11776–11781 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Grudinin, A. B.

Guo, C.

Y. Xu, Y. Song, G. Du, P. Yan, C. Guo, G. Zheng, and S. Ruan, “Soliton dynamic patterns of a passively mode-locked fber laser operating in a 2μm region,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(4), 045108 (2015).
[Crossref]

Haboucha, A.

F. Amrani, A. Haboucha, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Dissipative solitons compounds in a fiber laser. Analogy with the states of the matter,” Appl. Phys. B 99(1), 107–114 (2010).
[Crossref]

Hartl, I.

Haus, H. A.

Holtom, G. R.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Yang, G. R. Holtom, N. Peyghambarian, X. S. Xie, and K. Q. Kieu, “Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with a robust fibre laser source,” Nat. Photonics 8(2), 153–159 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hong, F.-L.

Hu, S.

Inaba, H.

Ippen, E. P.

Jalali, B.

D. R. Solli, C. Ropers, P. Koonath, and B. Jalali, “Optical rogue waves,” Nature 450(7172), 1054–1057 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jang, J. K.

J. K. Jang, M. Erkintalo, S. G. Murdoch, and S. Coen, “Ultraweak long-range interactions of solitons observed over astronomical distances,” Nat. Photonics 7(8), 657–663 (2013).
[Crossref]

Jones, D. J.

B. E. Bouma, L. E. Nelson, G. J. Tearney, D. J. Jones, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomographic imaging of human tissue at 1.55 μm and 1.81 μm using Er-and Tm-doped fiber sources,” J. Biomed. Opt. 3(1), 76–79 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kieu, K. Q.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Yang, G. R. Holtom, N. Peyghambarian, X. S. Xie, and K. Q. Kieu, “Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with a robust fibre laser source,” Nat. Photonics 8(2), 153–159 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Komarov, A.

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Niang, F. Amrani, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser through continuous external optical injection,” Opt. Commun. 312, 1–6 (2014).
[Crossref]

F. Amrani, A. Haboucha, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Dissipative solitons compounds in a fiber laser. Analogy with the states of the matter,” Appl. Phys. B 99(1), 107–114 (2010).
[Crossref]

Komarov, K.

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

Koonath, P.

D. R. Solli, C. Ropers, P. Koonath, and B. Jalali, “Optical rogue waves,” Nature 450(7172), 1054–1057 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kutz, J. N.

Leblond, H.

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Niang, F. Amrani, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser through continuous external optical injection,” Opt. Commun. 312, 1–6 (2014).
[Crossref]

F. Amrani, A. Haboucha, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Dissipative solitons compounds in a fiber laser. Analogy with the states of the matter,” Appl. Phys. B 99(1), 107–114 (2010).
[Crossref]

Lecaplain, C.

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Lecaplain and P. Grelu, “Rogue waves among noiselike-pulse laser emission: An experimental investigation,” Phys. Rev. A 90(1), 013805 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Lecaplain, P. Grelu, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative Rogue Waves Generated by Chaotic Pulse Bunching in a Mode-Locked Laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(23), 233901 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lin, Z. B.

Liu, A. Q.

D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, B. Zhao, and A. Q. Liu, “Mechanism of multisoliton formation and soliton energy quantization in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 72(4), 043816 (2005).
[Crossref]

Liu, M.

Liu, Y. C.

Loh, W. H.

Luo, A. P.

Luo, Z. C.

Man, W. S.

D. Y. Tang, W. S. Man, and H. Y. Tam, “Stimulated soliton pulse formation and its mechanism in a passively mode-locked fibre soliton laser,” Opt. Commun. 165(4-6), 189–194 (1999).
[Crossref]

Matsumoto, H.

Mazur, E.

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

Menyuk, C. R.

Minoshima, K.

Mitschke, F.

M. Stratmann, T. Pagel, and F. Mitschke, “Experimental observation of temporal soliton molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(14), 143902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mitschke, F. M.

Mollenauer, L. F.

Murdoch, S. G.

J. K. Jang, M. Erkintalo, S. G. Murdoch, and S. Coen, “Ultraweak long-range interactions of solitons observed over astronomical distances,” Nat. Photonics 7(8), 657–663 (2013).
[Crossref]

Nelson, L. E.

B. E. Bouma, L. E. Nelson, G. J. Tearney, D. J. Jones, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomographic imaging of human tissue at 1.55 μm and 1.81 μm using Er-and Tm-doped fiber sources,” J. Biomed. Opt. 3(1), 76–79 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Tamura, E. P. Ippen, H. A. Haus, and L. E. Nelson, “77-fs pulse generation from a stretched-pulse mode-locked all-fiber ring laser,” Opt. Lett. 18(13), 1080–1082 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Niang, A.

A. Niang, F. Amrani, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser through continuous external optical injection,” Opt. Commun. 312, 1–6 (2014).
[Crossref]

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

Onae, A.

Pagel, T.

M. Stratmann, T. Pagel, and F. Mitschke, “Experimental observation of temporal soliton molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(14), 143902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Payne, D. N.

Peyghambarian, N.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Yang, G. R. Holtom, N. Peyghambarian, X. S. Xie, and K. Q. Kieu, “Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with a robust fibre laser source,” Nat. Photonics 8(2), 153–159 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pilipetskii, A. N.

Ropers, C.

D. R. Solli, C. Ropers, P. Koonath, and B. Jalali, “Optical rogue waves,” Nature 450(7172), 1054–1057 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ruan, S.

Y. Xu, Y. Song, G. Du, P. Yan, C. Guo, G. Zheng, and S. Ruan, “Soliton dynamic patterns of a passively mode-locked fber laser operating in a 2μm region,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(4), 045108 (2015).
[Crossref]

Runge, A. F. J.

Salhi, M.

A. Niang, F. Amrani, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser through continuous external optical injection,” Opt. Commun. 312, 1–6 (2014).
[Crossref]

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

F. Amrani, A. Haboucha, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Dissipative solitons compounds in a fiber laser. Analogy with the states of the matter,” Appl. Phys. B 99(1), 107–114 (2010).
[Crossref]

Sanchez, F.

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Niang, F. Amrani, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser through continuous external optical injection,” Opt. Commun. 312, 1–6 (2014).
[Crossref]

F. Amrani, A. Haboucha, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Dissipative solitons compounds in a fiber laser. Analogy with the states of the matter,” Appl. Phys. B 99(1), 107–114 (2010).
[Crossref]

Schibli, T. R.

Shank, C. V.

E. P. Ippen, C. V. Shank, and A. Dienes, “Passive mode locking of the cw dye laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 21(8), 348–350 (1972).
[Crossref]

Solli, D. R.

D. R. Solli, C. Ropers, P. Koonath, and B. Jalali, “Optical rogue waves,” Nature 450(7172), 1054–1057 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Song, Y.

Y. Xu, Y. Song, G. Du, P. Yan, C. Guo, G. Zheng, and S. Ruan, “Soliton dynamic patterns of a passively mode-locked fber laser operating in a 2μm region,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(4), 045108 (2015).
[Crossref]

Soto-Crespo, J. M.

C. Lecaplain, P. Grelu, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative Rogue Waves Generated by Chaotic Pulse Bunching in a Mode-Locked Laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(23), 233901 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Chang, A. Ankiewicz, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative soliton resonances,” Phys. Rev. A 78(2), 023830 (2008).
[Crossref]

Stratmann, M.

M. Stratmann, T. Pagel, and F. Mitschke, “Experimental observation of temporal soliton molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(14), 143902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tam, H. Y.

D. Y. Tang, B. Zhao, L. M. Zhao, and H. Y. Tam, “Soliton interaction in a fiber ring laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 72(1), 016616 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Y. Tang, W. S. Man, and H. Y. Tam, “Stimulated soliton pulse formation and its mechanism in a passively mode-locked fibre soliton laser,” Opt. Commun. 165(4-6), 189–194 (1999).
[Crossref]

Tamura, K.

Tan, S.

X. Wei, Y. Xu, S. Tan, S. Xu, Z. Yang, K. K. Tsia, and K. K. Y. Wong, “Pulsing Manipulation in a 1.55-µm Mode-Locked Fiber Laser by a 1-µm Optical Pattern,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(18), 1949–1952 (2015).
[Crossref]

Tang, D. Y.

X. Wu, D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, and L. M. Zhao, “Dissipative soliton resonance in an all-normal-dispersion erbium-doped fiber laser,” Opt. Express 17(7), 5580–5584 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Y. Tang, B. Zhao, L. M. Zhao, and H. Y. Tam, “Soliton interaction in a fiber ring laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 72(1), 016616 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, B. Zhao, and A. Q. Liu, “Mechanism of multisoliton formation and soliton energy quantization in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 72(4), 043816 (2005).
[Crossref]

D. Y. Tang, W. S. Man, and H. Y. Tam, “Stimulated soliton pulse formation and its mechanism in a passively mode-locked fibre soliton laser,” Opt. Commun. 165(4-6), 189–194 (1999).
[Crossref]

Tanzi, E. L.

M. Wanner, E. L. Tanzi, and T. S. Alster, “Fractional photothermolysis: treatment of facial and nonfacial cutaneous photodamage with a 1,550-nm erbium-doped fiber laser,” Dermatol. Surg. 33(1), 23–28 (2007).
[PubMed]

Tearney, G. J.

B. E. Bouma, L. E. Nelson, G. J. Tearney, D. J. Jones, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomographic imaging of human tissue at 1.55 μm and 1.81 μm using Er-and Tm-doped fiber sources,” J. Biomed. Opt. 3(1), 76–79 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tsia, K. K.

X. Wei, Y. Xu, S. Tan, S. Xu, Z. Yang, K. K. Tsia, and K. K. Y. Wong, “Pulsing Manipulation in a 1.55-µm Mode-Locked Fiber Laser by a 1-µm Optical Pattern,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(18), 1949–1952 (2015).
[Crossref]

Wanner, M.

M. Wanner, E. L. Tanzi, and T. S. Alster, “Fractional photothermolysis: treatment of facial and nonfacial cutaneous photodamage with a 1,550-nm erbium-doped fiber laser,” Dermatol. Surg. 33(1), 23–28 (2007).
[PubMed]

Wei, X.

X. Wei, Y. Xu, S. Tan, S. Xu, Z. Yang, K. K. Tsia, and K. K. Y. Wong, “Pulsing Manipulation in a 1.55-µm Mode-Locked Fiber Laser by a 1-µm Optical Pattern,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(18), 1949–1952 (2015).
[Crossref]

Wise, F. W.

C. Xu and F. W. Wise, “Recent advances in fibre lasers for nonlinear microscopy,” Nat. Photonics 7(11), 875–882 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wong, K. K. Y.

X. Wei, Y. Xu, S. Tan, S. Xu, Z. Yang, K. K. Tsia, and K. K. Y. Wong, “Pulsing Manipulation in a 1.55-µm Mode-Locked Fiber Laser by a 1-µm Optical Pattern,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(18), 1949–1952 (2015).
[Crossref]

Wu, X.

Xie, X. S.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Yang, G. R. Holtom, N. Peyghambarian, X. S. Xie, and K. Q. Kieu, “Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with a robust fibre laser source,” Nat. Photonics 8(2), 153–159 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, C.

C. Xu and F. W. Wise, “Recent advances in fibre lasers for nonlinear microscopy,” Nat. Photonics 7(11), 875–882 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, S.

X. Wei, Y. Xu, S. Tan, S. Xu, Z. Yang, K. K. Tsia, and K. K. Y. Wong, “Pulsing Manipulation in a 1.55-µm Mode-Locked Fiber Laser by a 1-µm Optical Pattern,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(18), 1949–1952 (2015).
[Crossref]

Xu, W. C.

Xu, Y.

Y. Xu, Y. Song, G. Du, P. Yan, C. Guo, G. Zheng, and S. Ruan, “Soliton dynamic patterns of a passively mode-locked fber laser operating in a 2μm region,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(4), 045108 (2015).
[Crossref]

X. Wei, Y. Xu, S. Tan, S. Xu, Z. Yang, K. K. Tsia, and K. K. Y. Wong, “Pulsing Manipulation in a 1.55-µm Mode-Locked Fiber Laser by a 1-µm Optical Pattern,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(18), 1949–1952 (2015).
[Crossref]

Yan, P.

Y. Xu, Y. Song, G. Du, P. Yan, C. Guo, G. Zheng, and S. Ruan, “Soliton dynamic patterns of a passively mode-locked fber laser operating in a 2μm region,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(4), 045108 (2015).
[Crossref]

Yan, Y. R.

Yang, W.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Yang, G. R. Holtom, N. Peyghambarian, X. S. Xie, and K. Q. Kieu, “Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with a robust fibre laser source,” Nat. Photonics 8(2), 153–159 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, Z.

X. Wei, Y. Xu, S. Tan, S. Xu, Z. Yang, K. K. Tsia, and K. K. Y. Wong, “Pulsing Manipulation in a 1.55-µm Mode-Locked Fiber Laser by a 1-µm Optical Pattern,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(18), 1949–1952 (2015).
[Crossref]

Zhang, H.

Zhao, B.

D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, B. Zhao, and A. Q. Liu, “Mechanism of multisoliton formation and soliton energy quantization in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 72(4), 043816 (2005).
[Crossref]

D. Y. Tang, B. Zhao, L. M. Zhao, and H. Y. Tam, “Soliton interaction in a fiber ring laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 72(1), 016616 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhao, L. M.

X. Wu, D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, and L. M. Zhao, “Dissipative soliton resonance in an all-normal-dispersion erbium-doped fiber laser,” Opt. Express 17(7), 5580–5584 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Y. Tang, B. Zhao, L. M. Zhao, and H. Y. Tam, “Soliton interaction in a fiber ring laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 72(1), 016616 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, B. Zhao, and A. Q. Liu, “Mechanism of multisoliton formation and soliton energy quantization in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 72(4), 043816 (2005).
[Crossref]

Zheng, G.

Y. Xu, Y. Song, G. Du, P. Yan, C. Guo, G. Zheng, and S. Ruan, “Soliton dynamic patterns of a passively mode-locked fber laser operating in a 2μm region,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(4), 045108 (2015).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. B (1)

F. Amrani, A. Haboucha, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Dissipative solitons compounds in a fiber laser. Analogy with the states of the matter,” Appl. Phys. B 99(1), 107–114 (2010).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

E. P. Ippen, C. V. Shank, and A. Dienes, “Passive mode locking of the cw dye laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 21(8), 348–350 (1972).
[Crossref]

Dermatol. Surg. (1)

M. Wanner, E. L. Tanzi, and T. S. Alster, “Fractional photothermolysis: treatment of facial and nonfacial cutaneous photodamage with a 1,550-nm erbium-doped fiber laser,” Dermatol. Surg. 33(1), 23–28 (2007).
[PubMed]

IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. (1)

X. Wei, Y. Xu, S. Tan, S. Xu, Z. Yang, K. K. Tsia, and K. K. Y. Wong, “Pulsing Manipulation in a 1.55-µm Mode-Locked Fiber Laser by a 1-µm Optical Pattern,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(18), 1949–1952 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. Biomed. Opt. (1)

B. E. Bouma, L. E. Nelson, G. J. Tearney, D. J. Jones, M. E. Brezinski, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomographic imaging of human tissue at 1.55 μm and 1.81 μm using Er-and Tm-doped fiber sources,” J. Biomed. Opt. 3(1), 76–79 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Laser Phys. Lett. (1)

Y. Xu, Y. Song, G. Du, P. Yan, C. Guo, G. Zheng, and S. Ruan, “Soliton dynamic patterns of a passively mode-locked fber laser operating in a 2μm region,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(4), 045108 (2015).
[Crossref]

Nat. Photonics (5)

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

P. Grelu and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative solitons for mode-locked lasers,” Nat. Photonics 6(2), 84–92 (2012).
[Crossref]

C. Xu and F. W. Wise, “Recent advances in fibre lasers for nonlinear microscopy,” Nat. Photonics 7(11), 875–882 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. W. Freudiger, W. Yang, G. R. Holtom, N. Peyghambarian, X. S. Xie, and K. Q. Kieu, “Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with a robust fibre laser source,” Nat. Photonics 8(2), 153–159 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. K. Jang, M. Erkintalo, S. G. Murdoch, and S. Coen, “Ultraweak long-range interactions of solitons observed over astronomical distances,” Nat. Photonics 7(8), 657–663 (2013).
[Crossref]

Nature (1)

D. R. Solli, C. Ropers, P. Koonath, and B. Jalali, “Optical rogue waves,” Nature 450(7172), 1054–1057 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Commun. (2)

A. Niang, F. Amrani, M. Salhi, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, and F. Sanchez, “Harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser through continuous external optical injection,” Opt. Commun. 312, 1–6 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. Y. Tang, W. S. Man, and H. Y. Tam, “Stimulated soliton pulse formation and its mechanism in a passively mode-locked fibre soliton laser,” Opt. Commun. 165(4-6), 189–194 (1999).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (2)

Opt. Fiber Technol. (1)

F. Sanchez, P. Grelu, H. Leblond, A. Komarov, K. Komarov, M. Salhi, A. Niang, F. Amrani, C. Lecaplain, and S. Chouli, “Manipulating dissipative soliton ensembles in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 20(6), 562–574 (2014).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (13)

E. Ding, P. Grelu, and J. N. Kutz, “Dissipative soliton resonance in a passively mode-locked fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1146–1148 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. C. Luo, W. J. Cao, Z. B. Lin, Z. R. Cai, A. P. Luo, and W. C. Xu, “Pulse dynamics of dissipative soliton resonance with large duration-tuning range in a fiber ring laser,” Opt. Lett. 37(22), 4777–4779 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. F. J. Runge, C. Aguergaray, N. G. R. Broderick, and M. Erkintalo, “Raman rogue waves in a partially mode-locked fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 39(2), 319–322 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. M. Mitschke and L. F. Mollenauer, “Discovery of the soliton self-frequency shift,” Opt. Lett. 11(10), 659–661 (1986).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Gordon and H. A. Haus, “Random walk of coherently amplified solitons in optical fiber transmission,” Opt. Lett. 11(10), 665–667 (1986).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. M. Mitschke and L. F. Mollenauer, “Experimental observation of interaction forces between solitons in optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 12(5), 355–357 (1987).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. N. Duling, “All-fiber ring soliton laser mode locked with a nonlinear mirror,” Opt. Lett. 16(8), 539–541 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Tamura, E. P. Ippen, H. A. Haus, and L. E. Nelson, “77-fs pulse generation from a stretched-pulse mode-locked all-fiber ring laser,” Opt. Lett. 18(13), 1080–1082 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. H. Loh, A. B. Grudinin, V. V. Afanasjev, and D. N. Payne, “Soliton interaction in the presence of a weak nonsoliton component,” Opt. Lett. 19(10), 698–700 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. N. Pilipetskii, E. A. Golovchenko, and C. R. Menyuk, “Acoustic effect in passively mode-locked fiber ring lasers,” Opt. Lett. 20(8), 907–909 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. R. Schibli, K. Minoshima, F.-L. Hong, H. Inaba, A. Onae, H. Matsumoto, I. Hartl, and M. E. Fermann, “Frequency metrology with a turnkey all-fiber system,” Opt. Lett. 29(21), 2467–2469 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Liu, A. P. Luo, Y. R. Yan, S. Hu, Y. C. Liu, H. Cui, Z. C. Luo, and W. C. Xu, “Successive soliton explosions in an ultrafast fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 41(6), 1181–1184 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Liu, A. P. Luo, W. C. Xu, and Z. C. Luo, “Dissipative rogue waves induced by soliton explosions in an ultrafast fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 41(17), 3912–3915 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Optica (1)

Phys. Rev. A (4)

W. Chang, A. Ankiewicz, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative soliton resonances,” Phys. Rev. A 78(2), 023830 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. Chouli and P. Grelu, “Soliton rains in a fiber laser: An experimental study,” Phys. Rev. A 81(6), 063829 (2010).
[Crossref]

D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, B. Zhao, and A. Q. Liu, “Mechanism of multisoliton formation and soliton energy quantization in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 72(4), 043816 (2005).
[Crossref]

C. Lecaplain and P. Grelu, “Rogue waves among noiselike-pulse laser emission: An experimental investigation,” Phys. Rev. A 90(1), 013805 (2014).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. (1)

D. Y. Tang, B. Zhao, L. M. Zhao, and H. Y. Tam, “Soliton interaction in a fiber ring laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 72(1), 016616 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

M. Stratmann, T. Pagel, and F. Mitschke, “Experimental observation of temporal soliton molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(14), 143902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Lecaplain, P. Grelu, J. M. Soto-Crespo, and N. Akhmediev, “Dissipative Rogue Waves Generated by Chaotic Pulse Bunching in a Mode-Locked Laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(23), 233901 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (1)

G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communiation Systems, 3rd ed. (Wiley, 2002).

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Experimental setup. EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; AM, amplitude modulator; OIM, optical integrated module; EDF, erbium-doped fiber; SMF, single-mode fiber; DCF, dispersion-compensating fiber; BPF, band-pass filter; PC, polarization controller; PD, photodetector.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) The optical spectrum of passively mode-locked fiber laser. (b) A typical time-domain dual-pulse train.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 The pulse spacing as a function of intracavity pump power. (a) Pulse waveforms. (b) Average pulse spacing and standard deviation.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a) The optical spectrum of the injected ASE signal. (b) The pulse spacing evolution with ASE injection. (c) The pulse spacing as a function of injected ASE power. (d) and (e) are pulse spacing evolution with different ASE powers: (d) is corresponding to a smaller ASE power of 351 μW, while (e) is corresponding to a larger ASE power of 1660 μW.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Pulse-spacing modulation. (a) The pattern of modulated ASE signal. (b) Pulse spacing evolution.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 The pulse evolutions after ASE injection in the cases of three pulses (a), four pulses (b) and ten pulses (c). The red arrows indicate the starting point of ASE injection.

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