Electric-optical property of the proton exchanged phase modulator in single-crystal lithium niobate thin film

R. V. Gainutdinov, T. R. Volk, and H. H. Zhang, “Domain formation and polarization reversal under atomic force microscopy-tip voltages in ion-sliced LiNbO3 films on SiO2/LiNbO3 substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(16), 162903 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Petousi, L. Zimmermann, A. Gajda, M. Kroh, K. Voigt, G. Winzer, B. Tillack, and K. Petermann, “Analysis of optical and electrical tradeoffs of traveling-wave depletion-type Si Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-speed operation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(4), 3400108 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22746–22752 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Li, L. Cai, Y. Wang, Y. Jiang, and H. Hu, “Waveguides consisting of single-crystal lithium niobate thin film and oxidized titanium stripe,” Opt. Express 23(19), 24212–24219 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Cai, R. Kong, Y. Wang, and H. Hu, “Channel waveguides and y-junctions in x-cut single-crystal lithium niobate thin film,” Opt. Express 23(22), 29211–29221 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Huang, J. I. Dadap, G. Malladi, I. Kymissis, H. Bakhru, and R. M. Osgood., “Helium-ion-induced radiation damage in LiNbO3 thin-film electro-optic modulators,” Opt. Express 22(16), 19653–19661 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Wang and C. K. Madsen, “Design of a hybrid As2S3-Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguide for phase-matched difference frequency generation at mid-infrared,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27183–27192 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Wang, M. J. Burek, Z. Lin, H. A. Atikian, V. Venkataraman, I.-C. Huang, P. Stark, and M. Lončar, “Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators,” Opt. Express 22(25), 30924–30933 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Diziain, R. Geiss, M. Zilk, F. Schrempel, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Second harmonic generation in free-standing lithium niobate photonic crystal L3 cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(5), 051117 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Rao, “Hydrogenated amorphous silicon phase-change device based on a p-i-p waveguiding configuration,” Opt. Laser Technol. 53, 17–21 (2013).
[Crossref]

P. Rabiei, J. Ma, S. Khan, J. Chiles, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous lithium niobate photonics on silicon substrates,” Opt. Express 21(21), 25573–25581 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Chen, M. G. Wood, and R. M. Reano, “12.5 pm/V hybrid silicon and lithium niobate optical microring resonator with integrated electrodes,” Opt. Express 21(22), 27003–27010 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Poberaj, H. Hu, W. Sohler, and P. Günter, “Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) for micro-photonic devices,” Laser Photonics Rev. 6(4), 488–503 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. García-Granda, H. Hu, J. R. García, and W. Sohler, “Design and fabrication of navel ridge guide modulators in lithium niobate,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(24), 5690–5697 (2009).

H. Hu, R. Ricken, and W. Sohler, “Lithium niobate photonic wires,” Opt. Express 17(26), 24261–24268 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. M. M. de Almeida, “Design methodology of annealed H+ waveguides in ferroelectric LiNbO3,” Opt. Eng. 46(6), 064601 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics 1(7), 407–410 (2007).
[Crossref]

P. Rabiei and W. H. Steier, “Lithium niobate ridge waveguides and modulators fabricated using smart guide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(16), 161115 (2005).
[Crossref]

L. Arizmendi, “Photonic applications of lithium niobate crystals,” Phys. Status Solidi, A Appl. Res. 201(2), 253–283 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Kondo, A. Kondo, K. Aoki, S. Takatsuji, O. Mitomi, M. Imaeda, Y. Kozuka, and M. Minakata, “High-speed and low-driving-voltage X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two step backside slot,” Electron. Lett. 38(10), 472–473 (2002).
[Crossref]

K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Méndez, G. De la Paliza, A. Garcia-Cabanes, and J. M. Cabrera, “Comparison of the electro-optic coefficient r33 in well-defined phases of proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. B 73(5-6), 485–488 (2001).
[Crossref]

I. Savatinova, S. Tonchev, R. Todorov, M. N. Armenise, V. M. N. Passaro, and C. C. Ziling, “Electro-Optic Effect in Proton Exchanged LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(3), 403–409 (1996).
[Crossref]

M. L. Bortz, L. A. Eyres, and M. M. Fejer, “Depth profiling of the d33 nonlinear coefficient in annealed proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 62(17), 2012–2014 (1993).
[Crossref]

E. Strake, G. P. Bava, and I. Montrosset, “Guided modes of Ti: LiNbO3 channel waveguides: A novel quasi-analytical technique in comparison with the scalar finite-element method,” J. Lightwave Technol. 6(6), 1126–1135 (1988).
[Crossref]

P. G. Suchoski, T. K. Findakly, and F. J. Leonberger, “Stable low-loss proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguide devices with no electro-optic degradation,” Opt. Lett. 13(11), 1050–1052 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Minakata, K. Kumagai, and S. Kawakami, “Lattice constant changes and electro-optic effects in proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(16), 992–994 (1986).
[Crossref]

J. Kondo, A. Kondo, K. Aoki, S. Takatsuji, O. Mitomi, M. Imaeda, Y. Kozuka, and M. Minakata, “High-speed and low-driving-voltage X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two step backside slot,” Electron. Lett. 38(10), 472–473 (2002).
[Crossref]

L. Arizmendi, “Photonic applications of lithium niobate crystals,” Phys. Status Solidi, A Appl. Res. 201(2), 253–283 (2004).
[Crossref]

I. Savatinova, S. Tonchev, R. Todorov, M. N. Armenise, V. M. N. Passaro, and C. C. Ziling, “Electro-Optic Effect in Proton Exchanged LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(3), 403–409 (1996).
[Crossref]

C. Wang, M. J. Burek, Z. Lin, H. A. Atikian, V. Venkataraman, I.-C. Huang, P. Stark, and M. Lončar, “Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators,” Opt. Express 22(25), 30924–30933 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Huang, J. I. Dadap, G. Malladi, I. Kymissis, H. Bakhru, and R. M. Osgood., “Helium-ion-induced radiation damage in LiNbO3 thin-film electro-optic modulators,” Opt. Express 22(16), 19653–19661 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Strake, G. P. Bava, and I. Montrosset, “Guided modes of Ti: LiNbO3 channel waveguides: A novel quasi-analytical technique in comparison with the scalar finite-element method,” J. Lightwave Technol. 6(6), 1126–1135 (1988).
[Crossref]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. L. Bortz, L. A. Eyres, and M. M. Fejer, “Depth profiling of the d33 nonlinear coefficient in annealed proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 62(17), 2012–2014 (1993).
[Crossref]

C. Wang, M. J. Burek, Z. Lin, H. A. Atikian, V. Venkataraman, I.-C. Huang, P. Stark, and M. Lončar, “Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators,” Opt. Express 22(25), 30924–30933 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Méndez, G. De la Paliza, A. Garcia-Cabanes, and J. M. Cabrera, “Comparison of the electro-optic coefficient r33 in well-defined phases of proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. B 73(5-6), 485–488 (2001).
[Crossref]

S. Li, L. Cai, Y. Wang, Y. Jiang, and H. Hu, “Waveguides consisting of single-crystal lithium niobate thin film and oxidized titanium stripe,” Opt. Express 23(19), 24212–24219 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Cai, R. Kong, Y. Wang, and H. Hu, “Channel waveguides and y-junctions in x-cut single-crystal lithium niobate thin film,” Opt. Express 23(22), 29211–29221 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Chen, M. G. Wood, and R. M. Reano, “12.5 pm/V hybrid silicon and lithium niobate optical microring resonator with integrated electrodes,” Opt. Express 21(22), 27003–27010 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22746–22752 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Rabiei, J. Ma, S. Khan, J. Chiles, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous lithium niobate photonics on silicon substrates,” Opt. Express 21(21), 25573–25581 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Huang, J. I. Dadap, G. Malladi, I. Kymissis, H. Bakhru, and R. M. Osgood., “Helium-ion-induced radiation damage in LiNbO3 thin-film electro-optic modulators,” Opt. Express 22(16), 19653–19661 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. M. M. de Almeida, “Design methodology of annealed H+ waveguides in ferroelectric LiNbO3,” Opt. Eng. 46(6), 064601 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Méndez, G. De la Paliza, A. Garcia-Cabanes, and J. M. Cabrera, “Comparison of the electro-optic coefficient r33 in well-defined phases of proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. B 73(5-6), 485–488 (2001).
[Crossref]

A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics 1(7), 407–410 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Diziain, R. Geiss, M. Zilk, F. Schrempel, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Second harmonic generation in free-standing lithium niobate photonic crystal L3 cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(5), 051117 (2013).
[Crossref]

M. L. Bortz, L. A. Eyres, and M. M. Fejer, “Depth profiling of the d33 nonlinear coefficient in annealed proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 62(17), 2012–2014 (1993).
[Crossref]

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22746–22752 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Rabiei, J. Ma, S. Khan, J. Chiles, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous lithium niobate photonics on silicon substrates,” Opt. Express 21(21), 25573–25581 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. L. Bortz, L. A. Eyres, and M. M. Fejer, “Depth profiling of the d33 nonlinear coefficient in annealed proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 62(17), 2012–2014 (1993).
[Crossref]

P. G. Suchoski, T. K. Findakly, and F. J. Leonberger, “Stable low-loss proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguide devices with no electro-optic degradation,” Opt. Lett. 13(11), 1050–1052 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. V. Gainutdinov, T. R. Volk, and H. H. Zhang, “Domain formation and polarization reversal under atomic force microscopy-tip voltages in ion-sliced LiNbO3 films on SiO2/LiNbO3 substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(16), 162903 (2015).
[Crossref]

D. Petousi, L. Zimmermann, A. Gajda, M. Kroh, K. Voigt, G. Winzer, B. Tillack, and K. Petermann, “Analysis of optical and electrical tradeoffs of traveling-wave depletion-type Si Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-speed operation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(4), 3400108 (2015).
[Crossref]

M. García-Granda, H. Hu, J. R. García, and W. Sohler, “Design and fabrication of navel ridge guide modulators in lithium niobate,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(24), 5690–5697 (2009).

A. Méndez, G. De la Paliza, A. Garcia-Cabanes, and J. M. Cabrera, “Comparison of the electro-optic coefficient r33 in well-defined phases of proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. B 73(5-6), 485–488 (2001).
[Crossref]

M. García-Granda, H. Hu, J. R. García, and W. Sohler, “Design and fabrication of navel ridge guide modulators in lithium niobate,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(24), 5690–5697 (2009).

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Diziain, R. Geiss, M. Zilk, F. Schrempel, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Second harmonic generation in free-standing lithium niobate photonic crystal L3 cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(5), 051117 (2013).
[Crossref]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics 1(7), 407–410 (2007).
[Crossref]

G. Poberaj, H. Hu, W. Sohler, and P. Günter, “Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) for micro-photonic devices,” Laser Photonics Rev. 6(4), 488–503 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics 1(7), 407–410 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. Li, L. Cai, Y. Wang, Y. Jiang, and H. Hu, “Waveguides consisting of single-crystal lithium niobate thin film and oxidized titanium stripe,” Opt. Express 23(19), 24212–24219 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Cai, R. Kong, Y. Wang, and H. Hu, “Channel waveguides and y-junctions in x-cut single-crystal lithium niobate thin film,” Opt. Express 23(22), 29211–29221 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Poberaj, H. Hu, W. Sohler, and P. Günter, “Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) for micro-photonic devices,” Laser Photonics Rev. 6(4), 488–503 (2012).
[Crossref]

H. Hu, R. Ricken, and W. Sohler, “Lithium niobate photonic wires,” Opt. Express 17(26), 24261–24268 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. García-Granda, H. Hu, J. R. García, and W. Sohler, “Design and fabrication of navel ridge guide modulators in lithium niobate,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(24), 5690–5697 (2009).

H.-C. Huang, J. I. Dadap, G. Malladi, I. Kymissis, H. Bakhru, and R. M. Osgood., “Helium-ion-induced radiation damage in LiNbO3 thin-film electro-optic modulators,” Opt. Express 22(16), 19653–19661 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Wang, M. J. Burek, Z. Lin, H. A. Atikian, V. Venkataraman, I.-C. Huang, P. Stark, and M. Lončar, “Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators,” Opt. Express 22(25), 30924–30933 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Kondo, A. Kondo, K. Aoki, S. Takatsuji, O. Mitomi, M. Imaeda, Y. Kozuka, and M. Minakata, “High-speed and low-driving-voltage X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two step backside slot,” Electron. Lett. 38(10), 472–473 (2002).
[Crossref]

S. Li, L. Cai, Y. Wang, Y. Jiang, and H. Hu, “Waveguides consisting of single-crystal lithium niobate thin film and oxidized titanium stripe,” Opt. Express 23(19), 24212–24219 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Minakata, K. Kumagai, and S. Kawakami, “Lattice constant changes and electro-optic effects in proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(16), 992–994 (1986).
[Crossref]

P. Rabiei, J. Ma, S. Khan, J. Chiles, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous lithium niobate photonics on silicon substrates,” Opt. Express 21(21), 25573–25581 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Diziain, R. Geiss, M. Zilk, F. Schrempel, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Second harmonic generation in free-standing lithium niobate photonic crystal L3 cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(5), 051117 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Kondo, A. Kondo, K. Aoki, S. Takatsuji, O. Mitomi, M. Imaeda, Y. Kozuka, and M. Minakata, “High-speed and low-driving-voltage X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two step backside slot,” Electron. Lett. 38(10), 472–473 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Kondo, A. Kondo, K. Aoki, S. Takatsuji, O. Mitomi, M. Imaeda, Y. Kozuka, and M. Minakata, “High-speed and low-driving-voltage X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two step backside slot,” Electron. Lett. 38(10), 472–473 (2002).
[Crossref]

L. Cai, R. Kong, Y. Wang, and H. Hu, “Channel waveguides and y-junctions in x-cut single-crystal lithium niobate thin film,” Opt. Express 23(22), 29211–29221 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Kondo, A. Kondo, K. Aoki, S. Takatsuji, O. Mitomi, M. Imaeda, Y. Kozuka, and M. Minakata, “High-speed and low-driving-voltage X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two step backside slot,” Electron. Lett. 38(10), 472–473 (2002).
[Crossref]

D. Petousi, L. Zimmermann, A. Gajda, M. Kroh, K. Voigt, G. Winzer, B. Tillack, and K. Petermann, “Analysis of optical and electrical tradeoffs of traveling-wave depletion-type Si Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-speed operation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(4), 3400108 (2015).
[Crossref]

M. Minakata, K. Kumagai, and S. Kawakami, “Lattice constant changes and electro-optic effects in proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(16), 992–994 (1986).
[Crossref]

K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Huang, J. I. Dadap, G. Malladi, I. Kymissis, H. Bakhru, and R. M. Osgood., “Helium-ion-induced radiation damage in LiNbO3 thin-film electro-optic modulators,” Opt. Express 22(16), 19653–19661 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. G. Suchoski, T. K. Findakly, and F. J. Leonberger, “Stable low-loss proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguide devices with no electro-optic degradation,” Opt. Lett. 13(11), 1050–1052 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Li, L. Cai, Y. Wang, Y. Jiang, and H. Hu, “Waveguides consisting of single-crystal lithium niobate thin film and oxidized titanium stripe,” Opt. Express 23(19), 24212–24219 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Wang, M. J. Burek, Z. Lin, H. A. Atikian, V. Venkataraman, I.-C. Huang, P. Stark, and M. Lončar, “Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators,” Opt. Express 22(25), 30924–30933 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Wang, M. J. Burek, Z. Lin, H. A. Atikian, V. Venkataraman, I.-C. Huang, P. Stark, and M. Lončar, “Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators,” Opt. Express 22(25), 30924–30933 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Rabiei, J. Ma, S. Khan, J. Chiles, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous lithium niobate photonics on silicon substrates,” Opt. Express 21(21), 25573–25581 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Wang and C. K. Madsen, “Design of a hybrid As2S3-Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguide for phase-matched difference frequency generation at mid-infrared,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27183–27192 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22746–22752 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Huang, J. I. Dadap, G. Malladi, I. Kymissis, H. Bakhru, and R. M. Osgood., “Helium-ion-induced radiation damage in LiNbO3 thin-film electro-optic modulators,” Opt. Express 22(16), 19653–19661 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Méndez, G. De la Paliza, A. Garcia-Cabanes, and J. M. Cabrera, “Comparison of the electro-optic coefficient r33 in well-defined phases of proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. B 73(5-6), 485–488 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Kondo, A. Kondo, K. Aoki, S. Takatsuji, O. Mitomi, M. Imaeda, Y. Kozuka, and M. Minakata, “High-speed and low-driving-voltage X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two step backside slot,” Electron. Lett. 38(10), 472–473 (2002).
[Crossref]

M. Minakata, K. Kumagai, and S. Kawakami, “Lattice constant changes and electro-optic effects in proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(16), 992–994 (1986).
[Crossref]

J. Kondo, A. Kondo, K. Aoki, S. Takatsuji, O. Mitomi, M. Imaeda, Y. Kozuka, and M. Minakata, “High-speed and low-driving-voltage X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two step backside slot,” Electron. Lett. 38(10), 472–473 (2002).
[Crossref]

E. Strake, G. P. Bava, and I. Montrosset, “Guided modes of Ti: LiNbO3 channel waveguides: A novel quasi-analytical technique in comparison with the scalar finite-element method,” J. Lightwave Technol. 6(6), 1126–1135 (1988).
[Crossref]

A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22746–22752 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Huang, J. I. Dadap, G. Malladi, I. Kymissis, H. Bakhru, and R. M. Osgood., “Helium-ion-induced radiation damage in LiNbO3 thin-film electro-optic modulators,” Opt. Express 22(16), 19653–19661 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. Savatinova, S. Tonchev, R. Todorov, M. N. Armenise, V. M. N. Passaro, and C. C. Ziling, “Electro-Optic Effect in Proton Exchanged LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(3), 403–409 (1996).
[Crossref]

A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22746–22752 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Diziain, R. Geiss, M. Zilk, F. Schrempel, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Second harmonic generation in free-standing lithium niobate photonic crystal L3 cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(5), 051117 (2013).
[Crossref]

D. Petousi, L. Zimmermann, A. Gajda, M. Kroh, K. Voigt, G. Winzer, B. Tillack, and K. Petermann, “Analysis of optical and electrical tradeoffs of traveling-wave depletion-type Si Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-speed operation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(4), 3400108 (2015).
[Crossref]

D. Petousi, L. Zimmermann, A. Gajda, M. Kroh, K. Voigt, G. Winzer, B. Tillack, and K. Petermann, “Analysis of optical and electrical tradeoffs of traveling-wave depletion-type Si Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-speed operation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(4), 3400108 (2015).
[Crossref]

G. Poberaj, H. Hu, W. Sohler, and P. Günter, “Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) for micro-photonic devices,” Laser Photonics Rev. 6(4), 488–503 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics 1(7), 407–410 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22746–22752 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Rabiei, J. Ma, S. Khan, J. Chiles, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous lithium niobate photonics on silicon substrates,” Opt. Express 21(21), 25573–25581 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Rabiei and W. H. Steier, “Lithium niobate ridge waveguides and modulators fabricated using smart guide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(16), 161115 (2005).
[Crossref]

A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22746–22752 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Rao, “Hydrogenated amorphous silicon phase-change device based on a p-i-p waveguiding configuration,” Opt. Laser Technol. 53, 17–21 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Chen, M. G. Wood, and R. M. Reano, “12.5 pm/V hybrid silicon and lithium niobate optical microring resonator with integrated electrodes,” Opt. Express 21(22), 27003–27010 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics 1(7), 407–410 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22746–22752 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hu, R. Ricken, and W. Sohler, “Lithium niobate photonic wires,” Opt. Express 17(26), 24261–24268 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. Savatinova, S. Tonchev, R. Todorov, M. N. Armenise, V. M. N. Passaro, and C. C. Ziling, “Electro-Optic Effect in Proton Exchanged LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(3), 403–409 (1996).
[Crossref]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Diziain, R. Geiss, M. Zilk, F. Schrempel, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Second harmonic generation in free-standing lithium niobate photonic crystal L3 cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(5), 051117 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Poberaj, H. Hu, W. Sohler, and P. Günter, “Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) for micro-photonic devices,” Laser Photonics Rev. 6(4), 488–503 (2012).
[Crossref]

H. Hu, R. Ricken, and W. Sohler, “Lithium niobate photonic wires,” Opt. Express 17(26), 24261–24268 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. García-Granda, H. Hu, J. R. García, and W. Sohler, “Design and fabrication of navel ridge guide modulators in lithium niobate,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(24), 5690–5697 (2009).

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Wang, M. J. Burek, Z. Lin, H. A. Atikian, V. Venkataraman, I.-C. Huang, P. Stark, and M. Lončar, “Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators,” Opt. Express 22(25), 30924–30933 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Rabiei and W. H. Steier, “Lithium niobate ridge waveguides and modulators fabricated using smart guide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(16), 161115 (2005).
[Crossref]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Strake, G. P. Bava, and I. Montrosset, “Guided modes of Ti: LiNbO3 channel waveguides: A novel quasi-analytical technique in comparison with the scalar finite-element method,” J. Lightwave Technol. 6(6), 1126–1135 (1988).
[Crossref]

P. G. Suchoski, T. K. Findakly, and F. J. Leonberger, “Stable low-loss proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguide devices with no electro-optic degradation,” Opt. Lett. 13(11), 1050–1052 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Kondo, A. Kondo, K. Aoki, S. Takatsuji, O. Mitomi, M. Imaeda, Y. Kozuka, and M. Minakata, “High-speed and low-driving-voltage X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two step backside slot,” Electron. Lett. 38(10), 472–473 (2002).
[Crossref]

D. Petousi, L. Zimmermann, A. Gajda, M. Kroh, K. Voigt, G. Winzer, B. Tillack, and K. Petermann, “Analysis of optical and electrical tradeoffs of traveling-wave depletion-type Si Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-speed operation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(4), 3400108 (2015).
[Crossref]

I. Savatinova, S. Tonchev, R. Todorov, M. N. Armenise, V. M. N. Passaro, and C. C. Ziling, “Electro-Optic Effect in Proton Exchanged LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(3), 403–409 (1996).
[Crossref]

I. Savatinova, S. Tonchev, R. Todorov, M. N. Armenise, V. M. N. Passaro, and C. C. Ziling, “Electro-Optic Effect in Proton Exchanged LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(3), 403–409 (1996).
[Crossref]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Diziain, R. Geiss, M. Zilk, F. Schrempel, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Second harmonic generation in free-standing lithium niobate photonic crystal L3 cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(5), 051117 (2013).
[Crossref]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Wang, M. J. Burek, Z. Lin, H. A. Atikian, V. Venkataraman, I.-C. Huang, P. Stark, and M. Lončar, “Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators,” Opt. Express 22(25), 30924–30933 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Petousi, L. Zimmermann, A. Gajda, M. Kroh, K. Voigt, G. Winzer, B. Tillack, and K. Petermann, “Analysis of optical and electrical tradeoffs of traveling-wave depletion-type Si Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-speed operation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(4), 3400108 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. V. Gainutdinov, T. R. Volk, and H. H. Zhang, “Domain formation and polarization reversal under atomic force microscopy-tip voltages in ion-sliced LiNbO3 films on SiO2/LiNbO3 substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(16), 162903 (2015).
[Crossref]

C. Wang, M. J. Burek, Z. Lin, H. A. Atikian, V. Venkataraman, I.-C. Huang, P. Stark, and M. Lončar, “Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators,” Opt. Express 22(25), 30924–30933 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Wang and C. K. Madsen, “Design of a hybrid As2S3-Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguide for phase-matched difference frequency generation at mid-infrared,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27183–27192 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Li, L. Cai, Y. Wang, Y. Jiang, and H. Hu, “Waveguides consisting of single-crystal lithium niobate thin film and oxidized titanium stripe,” Opt. Express 23(19), 24212–24219 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Cai, R. Kong, Y. Wang, and H. Hu, “Channel waveguides and y-junctions in x-cut single-crystal lithium niobate thin film,” Opt. Express 23(22), 29211–29221 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Petousi, L. Zimmermann, A. Gajda, M. Kroh, K. Voigt, G. Winzer, B. Tillack, and K. Petermann, “Analysis of optical and electrical tradeoffs of traveling-wave depletion-type Si Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-speed operation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(4), 3400108 (2015).
[Crossref]

L. Chen, M. G. Wood, and R. M. Reano, “12.5 pm/V hybrid silicon and lithium niobate optical microring resonator with integrated electrodes,” Opt. Express 21(22), 27003–27010 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. V. Gainutdinov, T. R. Volk, and H. H. Zhang, “Domain formation and polarization reversal under atomic force microscopy-tip voltages in ion-sliced LiNbO3 films on SiO2/LiNbO3 substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(16), 162903 (2015).
[Crossref]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. Savatinova, S. Tonchev, R. Todorov, M. N. Armenise, V. M. N. Passaro, and C. C. Ziling, “Electro-Optic Effect in Proton Exchanged LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(3), 403–409 (1996).
[Crossref]

S. Diziain, R. Geiss, M. Zilk, F. Schrempel, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Second harmonic generation in free-standing lithium niobate photonic crystal L3 cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(5), 051117 (2013).
[Crossref]

D. Petousi, L. Zimmermann, A. Gajda, M. Kroh, K. Voigt, G. Winzer, B. Tillack, and K. Petermann, “Analysis of optical and electrical tradeoffs of traveling-wave depletion-type Si Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-speed operation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(4), 3400108 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Méndez, G. De la Paliza, A. Garcia-Cabanes, and J. M. Cabrera, “Comparison of the electro-optic coefficient r33 in well-defined phases of proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. B 73(5-6), 485–488 (2001).
[Crossref]

M. L. Bortz, L. A. Eyres, and M. M. Fejer, “Depth profiling of the d33 nonlinear coefficient in annealed proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 62(17), 2012–2014 (1993).
[Crossref]

M. Minakata, K. Kumagai, and S. Kawakami, “Lattice constant changes and electro-optic effects in proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(16), 992–994 (1986).
[Crossref]

P. Rabiei and W. H. Steier, “Lithium niobate ridge waveguides and modulators fabricated using smart guide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(16), 161115 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Diziain, R. Geiss, M. Zilk, F. Schrempel, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Second harmonic generation in free-standing lithium niobate photonic crystal L3 cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(5), 051117 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. V. Gainutdinov, T. R. Volk, and H. H. Zhang, “Domain formation and polarization reversal under atomic force microscopy-tip voltages in ion-sliced LiNbO3 films on SiO2/LiNbO3 substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(16), 162903 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. Kondo, A. Kondo, K. Aoki, S. Takatsuji, O. Mitomi, M. Imaeda, Y. Kozuka, and M. Minakata, “High-speed and low-driving-voltage X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two step backside slot,” Electron. Lett. 38(10), 472–473 (2002).
[Crossref]

D. Petousi, L. Zimmermann, A. Gajda, M. Kroh, K. Voigt, G. Winzer, B. Tillack, and K. Petermann, “Analysis of optical and electrical tradeoffs of traveling-wave depletion-type Si Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-speed operation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(4), 3400108 (2015).
[Crossref]

M. García-Granda, H. Hu, J. R. García, and W. Sohler, “Design and fabrication of navel ridge guide modulators in lithium niobate,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(24), 5690–5697 (2009).

I. Savatinova, S. Tonchev, R. Todorov, M. N. Armenise, V. M. N. Passaro, and C. C. Ziling, “Electro-Optic Effect in Proton Exchanged LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(3), 403–409 (1996).
[Crossref]

E. Strake, G. P. Bava, and I. Montrosset, “Guided modes of Ti: LiNbO3 channel waveguides: A novel quasi-analytical technique in comparison with the scalar finite-element method,” J. Lightwave Technol. 6(6), 1126–1135 (1988).
[Crossref]

G. Poberaj, H. Hu, W. Sohler, and P. Günter, “Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) for micro-photonic devices,” Laser Photonics Rev. 6(4), 488–503 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics 1(7), 407–410 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. M. M. M. de Almeida, “Design methodology of annealed H+ waveguides in ferroelectric LiNbO3,” Opt. Eng. 46(6), 064601 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. Wang, M. J. Burek, Z. Lin, H. A. Atikian, V. Venkataraman, I.-C. Huang, P. Stark, and M. Lončar, “Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators,” Opt. Express 22(25), 30924–30933 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Rabiei, J. Ma, S. Khan, J. Chiles, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous lithium niobate photonics on silicon substrates,” Opt. Express 21(21), 25573–25581 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, and S. Fathpour, “Heterogeneous microring and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22746–22752 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Hu, R. Ricken, and W. Sohler, “Lithium niobate photonic wires,” Opt. Express 17(26), 24261–24268 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Li, L. Cai, Y. Wang, Y. Jiang, and H. Hu, “Waveguides consisting of single-crystal lithium niobate thin film and oxidized titanium stripe,” Opt. Express 23(19), 24212–24219 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Cai, R. Kong, Y. Wang, and H. Hu, “Channel waveguides and y-junctions in x-cut single-crystal lithium niobate thin film,” Opt. Express 23(22), 29211–29221 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Wang and C. K. Madsen, “Design of a hybrid As2S3-Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguide for phase-matched difference frequency generation at mid-infrared,” Opt. Express 22(22), 27183–27192 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Huang, J. I. Dadap, G. Malladi, I. Kymissis, H. Bakhru, and R. M. Osgood., “Helium-ion-induced radiation damage in LiNbO3 thin-film electro-optic modulators,” Opt. Express 22(16), 19653–19661 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Lu, B. Sadani, N. Courjal, G. Ulliac, N. Smith, V. Stenger, M. Collet, F. I. Baida, and M.-P. Bernal, “Enhanced electro-optical lithium niobate photonic crystal wire waveguide on a smart-cut thin film,” Opt. Express 20(3), 2974–2981 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Chen, M. G. Wood, and R. M. Reano, “12.5 pm/V hybrid silicon and lithium niobate optical microring resonator with integrated electrodes,” Opt. Express 21(22), 27003–27010 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Rao, “Hydrogenated amorphous silicon phase-change device based on a p-i-p waveguiding configuration,” Opt. Laser Technol. 53, 17–21 (2013).
[Crossref]

K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Geiss, S. Saravi, A. Sergeyev, S. Diziain, F. Setzpfandt, F. Schrempel, R. Grange, E. B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Fabrication of nanoscale lithium niobate waveguides for second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 40(12), 2715–2718 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. G. Suchoski, T. K. Findakly, and F. J. Leonberger, “Stable low-loss proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguide devices with no electro-optic degradation,” Opt. Lett. 13(11), 1050–1052 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Jin, F. M. Liu, P. Xu, J. L. Xia, M. L. Zhong, Y. Yuan, J. W. Zhou, Y. X. Gong, W. Wang, and S. N. Zhu, “On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Entangled Photons Based on Reconfigurable Lithium-Niobate Waveguide Circuits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(10), 103601 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Arizmendi, “Photonic applications of lithium niobate crystals,” Phys. Status Solidi, A Appl. Res. 201(2), 253–283 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Lin, Y. Xu, Z. Fang, M. Wang, J. Song, N. Wang, L. Qiao, W. Fang, and Y. Cheng, “Fabrication of high-Q lithium niobate microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” Sci. Rep. 5, 8072 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]