Abstract

We design and fabricate silicon vertical slot waveguides for terabit-scale data transmission. The designed silicon photonic device is composed of apodized grating couplers, strip waveguides, strip-to-slot/slot-to-strip mode converters, and slot waveguide. Tight light confinement in the nano-scale air slot region is achieved in the silicon vertical slot waveguide which features relatively lower nonlinearity compared to silicon strip waveguide. Using the fabricated silicon photonic devices, we first demonstrate ultra-wide bandwidth 1.8-Tbit/s data transmission through a 2-mm-long silicon vertical slot waveguide using 161 wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) channels each carrying 11.2-Gbit/s orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signal. All 161 WDM channels achieve bit-error rate (BER) less than 1e-3 after on-chip data transmission. We further demonstrate terabit-scale data transmission through four silicon vertical slot waveguides with different lengths (1 mm, 2 mm, 3.1 mm, 12.2 mm). The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalties of data transmission through four silicon vertical slot waveguides are 1, 2, 3.2 and 4.5 dB at a BER of 1e-3, respectively. The obtained results indicate that the presented silicon vertical slot waveguide might be an alternative promising candidate facilitating chip-scale high-speed optical interconnections

© 2015 Optical Society of America

Full Article  |  PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Transmission of 2.86 Tb/s data stream in silicon subwavelength grating waveguides

Ge Gao, Ming Luo, Xiang Li, Yinglu Zhang, Qingzhong Huang, Yi Wang, Xi Xiao, Qi Yang, and Jinsong Xia
Opt. Express 25(3) 2918-2927 (2017)

Design and fabrication of hybrid SPP waveguides for ultrahigh-bandwidth low-penalty terabit-scale data transmission

Jing Du and Jian Wang
Opt. Express 25(24) 30124-30134 (2017)

Experimental performance evaluation of quadrature amplitude modulation signal transmission in a silicon microring

Chengcheng Gui and Jian Wang
Photon. Res. 4(5) 168-172 (2016)

More Recommended Articles

References

  • View by:
  • Article Order
  • |
  • Year
  • |
  • Author
  • |
  • Publication
  1. P. J. Winzer, “Modulation and multiplexing in optical communication systems,” IEEE Leos Newsl. 23, 4–10 (2009).
  2. F. Xia, L. Sekaric, and Y. Vlasov, “Ultracompact optical buffers on a silicon chip,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 65–71 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  3. Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  4. D. A. B. Miller, “Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips,” Proc. IEEE 88(6), 728–749 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  5. A. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “On the design of a photonic network-on-chip,” in Pro. Int. Symp. Networks-on-chip (NOCS), Princeton, NJ (2007).
    [Crossref]
  6. L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Choi, H. Bi, and R. Chen, “45° polymer-based total internal reflection coupling mirrors for fully embedded intraboard guided wave optical interconnects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(14), 141110 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  7. Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature 435(7040), 325–327 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. S. McNab, N. Moll, and Y. Vlasov, “Ultra-low loss photonic integrated circuit with membrane-type photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Express 11(22), 2927–2939 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-11-22-2927 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. E. Ozbay, “Plasmonics: merging photonics and electronics at nanoscale dimensions,” Science 311(5758), 189–193 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. M. Lipson, “Guiding, modulation, and emitting light on silicon challenges and opportunities,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23(12), 4222–4238 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  11. T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. Kärtner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, “Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [invited],” J. Opt. Netw. 6(1), 63–73 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  12. J. D. Bradley, M. Costa e Silva, M. Gay, L. Bramerie, A. Driessen, K. Wörhoff, J. C. Simon, and M. Pollnau, “170 Gbit/s transmission in an erbium-doped waveguide amplifier on silicon,” Opt. Express 17(24), 22201–22208 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-14-2394 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. L. Xu, W. Zhang, Q. Li, J. Chan, H. L. R. Lira, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “40-Gb/s DPSK data transmission through a silicon microring switch,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(6), 473–475 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  14. X. Chen, B. G. Lee, X. Liu, B. A. Small, I. Hsieh, J. Dadap, K. Bergman, R. M. Osgood, F. Xia, W. Green, L. Sekaric, and Y. Vlasov, “Demonstration of 300 Gbps error-free transmission of WDM data stream in silicon photonic wires,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2007), paper CTuQ5.
    [Crossref]
  15. B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  16. P. J. Winzer and R. Essiambre, “Advanced modulation formats for high-capacity optical transport networks,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24(12), 4711–4728 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  17. A. H. Gnauck, P. J. Winzer, S. Chandrasekhar, X. Liu, B. Zhu, and D. W. Peckham, “Spectrally efficient long-haul WDM transmission using 224-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed 16-QAM,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(4), 373–377 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  18. B. Zhu, D. Peckham, M. Yan, T. Taunay, and J. Fini, “Recent progress in transmission fibers for capacity beyond 100-Tbit/s,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper OW1D.5.
    [Crossref]
  19. D. Qian, M.-F. Huang, E. Ip, Y.-K. Huang, Y. Shao, J. Hu, and T. Wang, “High capacity/spectral efficiency 101.7-Tb/s WDM transmission using PDM-128QAM-OFDM over 165-km SSMF within C- and L-bands,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(10), 1540–1548 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  20. S. Chandrasekhar and X. Liu, “OFDM based superchannel transmission technology,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(24), 3816–3823 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  21. P. Dong, X. Liu, S. Chandrasekhar, L. L. Buhl, R. Aroca, and Y.-K. Chen, “Monolithic silicon photonic integrated circuits for compact 100+Gb/s coherent optical receivers and transmitters,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 20, 6100108 (2014).
  22. K. Xu, L.-G. Yang, J.-Y. Song, Y. M. Chen, Z. Z. Cheng, C.-W. Chow, C.-H. Yeh, and H. K. Tsang, “Compatibility of silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators for advanced modulation formats,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(15), 2550–2554 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  23. X. Yi, N. K. Fontaine, R. P. Scott, and S. J. B. Yoo, “Tb/s coherent optical OFDM systems enabled by optical frequency combs,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28(14), 2054–2061 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  24. C. Weimann, P. C. Schindler, R. Palmer, S. Wolf, D. Bekele, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, S. Koeber, R. Schmogrow, L. Alloatti, D. Elder, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) frequency comb sources for terabit/s data transmission,” Opt. Express 22(3), 3629–3637 (2014), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-22-3-3629 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  25. J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. Y. Vlasov, W. M. J. Green, and F. Xia, “High-throughput silicon nanophotonic wavelength-insensitive switch for on-chip optical networks,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 242–246 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  27. N. Sherwood-Droz, H. Wang, L. Chen, B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “Optical 4x4 hitless slicon router for optical networks-on-chip (NoC),” Opt. Express 16(20), 15915–15922 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-16-20-15915 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. Z. Zhou, Z. Tu, T. Li, and X. Wang, “Silicon photonics for advanced optical interconnections,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(4), 928–933 (2014).
    [Crossref]
  29. N. Lindenmann, G. Balthasar, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, M. Jordan, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Photonic wire bonding: a novel concept for chip-scale interconnects,” Opt. Express 20(16), 17667–17677 (2012), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-20-16-17667 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  30. Z. Wang, N. Zhu, Y. Tang, L. Wosinski, D. Dai, and S. He, “Ultracompact low-loss coupler between strip and slot waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 34(10), 1498–1500 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  31. A. Säynätjoki, L. Karvonen, T. Alasaarela, X. Tu, T. Y. Liow, M. Hiltunen, A. Tervonen, G. Q. Lo, and S. Honkanen, “Low-loss silicon slot waveguides and couplers fabricated with optical lithography and atomic layer deposition,” Opt. Express 19(27), 26275–26282 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-19-27-26275 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  32. S. Afshar V and T. M. Monro, “A full vectorial model for pulse propagation in emerging waveguides with subwavelength structures part I: Kerr nonlinearity,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2298–2318 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-17-4-2298 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  33. Y. Yue, L. Zhang, J. Wang, R. G. Beausoleil, and A. E. Willner, “Highly efficient nonlinearity reduction in silicon-on-insulator waveguides using vertical slots,” Opt. Express 18(21), 22061–22066 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-18-21-22061 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  34. Y. Ding, H. Ou, and C. Peucheret, “Ultrahigh-efficiency apodized grating coupler using fully etched photonic crystals,” Opt. Lett. 38(15), 2732–2734 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  35. W.-R. Peng, I. Morita, H. Takahashi, and T. Tsuritani, “Transmission of high-speed (>100 Gb/s) direct-detection optical OFDM superchannel,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(12), 2025–2034 (2012).
    [Crossref]

2014 (4)

P. Dong, X. Liu, S. Chandrasekhar, L. L. Buhl, R. Aroca, and Y.-K. Chen, “Monolithic silicon photonic integrated circuits for compact 100+Gb/s coherent optical receivers and transmitters,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 20, 6100108 (2014).

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Weimann, P. C. Schindler, R. Palmer, S. Wolf, D. Bekele, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, S. Koeber, R. Schmogrow, L. Alloatti, D. Elder, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) frequency comb sources for terabit/s data transmission,” Opt. Express 22(3), 3629–3637 (2014), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-22-3-3629 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Zhou, Z. Tu, T. Li, and X. Wang, “Silicon photonics for advanced optical interconnections,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(4), 928–933 (2014).
[Crossref]

2013 (2)

2012 (5)

2011 (2)

2010 (2)

2009 (5)

2008 (3)

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

Y. Vlasov, W. M. J. Green, and F. Xia, “High-throughput silicon nanophotonic wavelength-insensitive switch for on-chip optical networks,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

N. Sherwood-Droz, H. Wang, L. Chen, B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “Optical 4x4 hitless slicon router for optical networks-on-chip (NoC),” Opt. Express 16(20), 15915–15922 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-16-20-15915 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (2)

2006 (2)

2005 (3)

M. Lipson, “Guiding, modulation, and emitting light on silicon challenges and opportunities,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23(12), 4222–4238 (2005).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Choi, H. Bi, and R. Chen, “45° polymer-based total internal reflection coupling mirrors for fully embedded intraboard guided wave optical interconnects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(14), 141110 (2005).
[Crossref]

Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature 435(7040), 325–327 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (1)

2000 (1)

D. A. B. Miller, “Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips,” Proc. IEEE 88(6), 728–749 (2000).
[Crossref]

Afshar V, S.

Alasaarela, T.

Alloatti, L.

Aroca, R.

P. Dong, X. Liu, S. Chandrasekhar, L. L. Buhl, R. Aroca, and Y.-K. Chen, “Monolithic silicon photonic integrated circuits for compact 100+Gb/s coherent optical receivers and transmitters,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 20, 6100108 (2014).

Balthasar, G.

Barwicz, T.

Beausoleil, R. G.

Bekele, D.

Beling, A.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Bergman, K.

L. Xu, W. Zhang, Q. Li, J. Chan, H. L. R. Lira, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “40-Gb/s DPSK data transmission through a silicon microring switch,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(6), 473–475 (2012).
[Crossref]

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

N. Sherwood-Droz, H. Wang, L. Chen, B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “Optical 4x4 hitless slicon router for optical networks-on-chip (NoC),” Opt. Express 16(20), 15915–15922 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-16-20-15915 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “On the design of a photonic network-on-chip,” in Pro. Int. Symp. Networks-on-chip (NOCS), Princeton, NJ (2007).
[Crossref]

Bi, H.

L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Choi, H. Bi, and R. Chen, “45° polymer-based total internal reflection coupling mirrors for fully embedded intraboard guided wave optical interconnects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(14), 141110 (2005).
[Crossref]

Biberman, A.

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

N. Sherwood-Droz, H. Wang, L. Chen, B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “Optical 4x4 hitless slicon router for optical networks-on-chip (NoC),” Opt. Express 16(20), 15915–15922 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-16-20-15915 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bogaerts, W.

Bowers, J. E.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Bradley, J. D.

Bramerie, L.

Brasch, V.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Buhl, L. L.

P. Dong, X. Liu, S. Chandrasekhar, L. L. Buhl, R. Aroca, and Y.-K. Chen, “Monolithic silicon photonic integrated circuits for compact 100+Gb/s coherent optical receivers and transmitters,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 20, 6100108 (2014).

Byun, H.

Campbell, J. C.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Carloni, L. P.

A. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “On the design of a photonic network-on-chip,” in Pro. Int. Symp. Networks-on-chip (NOCS), Princeton, NJ (2007).
[Crossref]

Chan, J.

L. Xu, W. Zhang, Q. Li, J. Chan, H. L. R. Lira, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “40-Gb/s DPSK data transmission through a silicon microring switch,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(6), 473–475 (2012).
[Crossref]

Chandrasekhar, S.

Chen, H.-W.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Chen, L.

Chen, R.

L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Choi, H. Bi, and R. Chen, “45° polymer-based total internal reflection coupling mirrors for fully embedded intraboard guided wave optical interconnects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(14), 141110 (2005).
[Crossref]

Chen, X.

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

Chen, Y. M.

Chen, Y.-K.

P. Dong, X. Liu, S. Chandrasekhar, L. L. Buhl, R. Aroca, and Y.-K. Chen, “Monolithic silicon photonic integrated circuits for compact 100+Gb/s coherent optical receivers and transmitters,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 20, 6100108 (2014).

Cheng, Z. Z.

Choi, J.

L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Choi, H. Bi, and R. Chen, “45° polymer-based total internal reflection coupling mirrors for fully embedded intraboard guided wave optical interconnects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(14), 141110 (2005).
[Crossref]

Chou, C.-Y.

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

Chow, C.-W.

Costa e Silva, M.

Dadap, J. I.

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

Dai, D.

Dalton, L. R.

Ding, Y.

Dong, P.

P. Dong, X. Liu, S. Chandrasekhar, L. L. Buhl, R. Aroca, and Y.-K. Chen, “Monolithic silicon photonic integrated circuits for compact 100+Gb/s coherent optical receivers and transmitters,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 20, 6100108 (2014).

Driessen, A.

Elder, D.

Essiambre, R.

Fontaine, N. K.

Freude, W.

Gan, F.

Gay, M.

Geis, M.

Gnauck, A. H.

Green, W. M. J.

Y. Vlasov, W. M. J. Green, and F. Xia, “High-throughput silicon nanophotonic wavelength-insensitive switch for on-chip optical networks,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

Grein, M.

Hartinger, K.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

He, S.

Herr, T.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hillerkuss, D.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Lindenmann, G. Balthasar, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, M. Jordan, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Photonic wire bonding: a novel concept for chip-scale interconnects,” Opt. Express 20(16), 17667–17677 (2012), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-20-16-17667 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hiltunen, M.

Holzwarth, C. W.

Holzwarth, R.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Honkanen, S.

Hoyt, J. L.

Hsieh, I.-W.

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

Hu, J.

Huang, M.-F.

Huang, Y.-K.

Ip, E.

Ippen, E. P.

Jiang, W.

L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Choi, H. Bi, and R. Chen, “45° polymer-based total internal reflection coupling mirrors for fully embedded intraboard guided wave optical interconnects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(14), 141110 (2005).
[Crossref]

Jordan, M.

Kang, Y.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Kärtner, F. X.

Karvonen, L.

Kippenberg, T. J.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Koeber, S.

Koos, C.

Korn, D.

Kuo, Y.-H.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Lauermann, M.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, B. G.

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

N. Sherwood-Droz, H. Wang, L. Chen, B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “Optical 4x4 hitless slicon router for optical networks-on-chip (NoC),” Opt. Express 16(20), 15915–15922 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-16-20-15915 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Leuthold, J.

Li, J.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, Q.

L. Xu, W. Zhang, Q. Li, J. Chan, H. L. R. Lira, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “40-Gb/s DPSK data transmission through a silicon microring switch,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(6), 473–475 (2012).
[Crossref]

Li, T.

Lindenmann, N.

Liow, T. Y.

Lipson, M.

L. Xu, W. Zhang, Q. Li, J. Chan, H. L. R. Lira, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “40-Gb/s DPSK data transmission through a silicon microring switch,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(6), 473–475 (2012).
[Crossref]

N. Sherwood-Droz, H. Wang, L. Chen, B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “Optical 4x4 hitless slicon router for optical networks-on-chip (NoC),” Opt. Express 16(20), 15915–15922 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-16-20-15915 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Lipson, “Guiding, modulation, and emitting light on silicon challenges and opportunities,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23(12), 4222–4238 (2005).
[Crossref]

Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature 435(7040), 325–327 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lira, H. L. R.

L. Xu, W. Zhang, Q. Li, J. Chan, H. L. R. Lira, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “40-Gb/s DPSK data transmission through a silicon microring switch,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(6), 473–475 (2012).
[Crossref]

Litski, S.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Liu, H.-D.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Liu, X.

P. Dong, X. Liu, S. Chandrasekhar, L. L. Buhl, R. Aroca, and Y.-K. Chen, “Monolithic silicon photonic integrated circuits for compact 100+Gb/s coherent optical receivers and transmitters,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 20, 6100108 (2014).

S. Chandrasekhar and X. Liu, “OFDM based superchannel transmission technology,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(24), 3816–3823 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. H. Gnauck, P. J. Winzer, S. Chandrasekhar, X. Liu, B. Zhu, and D. W. Peckham, “Spectrally efficient long-haul WDM transmission using 224-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed 16-QAM,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(4), 373–377 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

Lo, G. Q.

Lyszczarz, T.

McIntosh, D. C.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

McNab, S.

Miller, D. A. B.

D. A. B. Miller, “Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips,” Proc. IEEE 88(6), 728–749 (2000).
[Crossref]

Moll, N.

Monro, T. M.

Morita, I.

Morse, M.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Olubuyide, O. O.

Orcutt, J. S.

Osgood, R. M.

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

Ou, H.

Ozbay, E.

E. Ozbay, “Plasmonics: merging photonics and electronics at nanoscale dimensions,” Science 311(5758), 189–193 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Palmer, R.

Paniccia, M. J.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Pauchard, A.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Peckham, D. W.

Peng, W.-R.

Peucheret, C.

Pfeifle, J.

C. Weimann, P. C. Schindler, R. Palmer, S. Wolf, D. Bekele, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, S. Koeber, R. Schmogrow, L. Alloatti, D. Elder, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) frequency comb sources for terabit/s data transmission,” Opt. Express 22(3), 3629–3637 (2014), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-22-3-3629 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pollnau, M.

Popovic, M. A.

Pradhan, S.

Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature 435(7040), 325–327 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Qian, D.

Rakich, P. T.

Ram, R. J.

Sarid, G.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Säynätjoki, A.

Schindler, P.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schindler, P. C.

Schmidt, B.

Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature 435(7040), 325–327 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schmogrow, R.

Scott, R. P.

Sekaric, L.

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. Xia, L. Sekaric, and Y. Vlasov, “Ultracompact optical buffers on a silicon chip,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 65–71 (2007).
[Crossref]

Shacham, A.

A. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “On the design of a photonic network-on-chip,” in Pro. Int. Symp. Networks-on-chip (NOCS), Princeton, NJ (2007).
[Crossref]

Shao, Y.

Sherwood-Droz, N.

Simon, J. C.

Smith, H. I.

Song, J.-Y.

Spector, S.

Stojanovic, V.

Takahashi, H.

Tang, Y.

Tervonen, A.

Tsang, H. K.

Tsuritani, T.

Tu, X.

Tu, Z.

Vlasov, Y.

Y. Vlasov, W. M. J. Green, and F. Xia, “High-throughput silicon nanophotonic wavelength-insensitive switch for on-chip optical networks,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. Xia, L. Sekaric, and Y. Vlasov, “Ultracompact optical buffers on a silicon chip,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 65–71 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. McNab, N. Moll, and Y. Vlasov, “Ultra-low loss photonic integrated circuit with membrane-type photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Express 11(22), 2927–2939 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-11-22-2927 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vlasov, Y. A.

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

Wang, H.

Wang, J.

Wang, L.

L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Choi, H. Bi, and R. Chen, “45° polymer-based total internal reflection coupling mirrors for fully embedded intraboard guided wave optical interconnects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(14), 141110 (2005).
[Crossref]

Wang, T.

Wang, X.

Z. Zhou, Z. Tu, T. Li, and X. Wang, “Silicon photonics for advanced optical interconnections,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(4), 928–933 (2014).
[Crossref]

L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Choi, H. Bi, and R. Chen, “45° polymer-based total internal reflection coupling mirrors for fully embedded intraboard guided wave optical interconnects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(14), 141110 (2005).
[Crossref]

Wang, Z.

Watts, M. R.

Wegner, D.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Weimann, C.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Weimann, P. C. Schindler, R. Palmer, S. Wolf, D. Bekele, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, S. Koeber, R. Schmogrow, L. Alloatti, D. Elder, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) frequency comb sources for terabit/s data transmission,” Opt. Express 22(3), 3629–3637 (2014), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-22-3-3629 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Willner, A. E.

Winzer, P. J.

Wolf, S.

Wörhoff, K.

Wosinski, L.

Xia, F.

Y. Vlasov, W. M. J. Green, and F. Xia, “High-throughput silicon nanophotonic wavelength-insensitive switch for on-chip optical networks,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. Xia, L. Sekaric, and Y. Vlasov, “Ultracompact optical buffers on a silicon chip,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 65–71 (2007).
[Crossref]

Xu, K.

Xu, L.

L. Xu, W. Zhang, Q. Li, J. Chan, H. L. R. Lira, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “40-Gb/s DPSK data transmission through a silicon microring switch,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(6), 473–475 (2012).
[Crossref]

Xu, Q.

Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature 435(7040), 325–327 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, L.-G.

Yeh, C.-H.

Yi, X.

Yoo, S. J. B.

Yoon, J. U.

Yu, H.

Yu, Y.

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yue, Y.

Zadka, M.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zaoui, W. S.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zhang, L.

Zhang, W.

L. Xu, W. Zhang, Q. Li, J. Chan, H. L. R. Lira, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “40-Gb/s DPSK data transmission through a silicon microring switch,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(6), 473–475 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zheng, X.

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zhou, Z.

Zhu, B.

Zhu, N.

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

L. Wang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, J. Choi, H. Bi, and R. Chen, “45° polymer-based total internal reflection coupling mirrors for fully embedded intraboard guided wave optical interconnects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(14), 141110 (2005).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

P. Dong, X. Liu, S. Chandrasekhar, L. L. Buhl, R. Aroca, and Y.-K. Chen, “Monolithic silicon photonic integrated circuits for compact 100+Gb/s coherent optical receivers and transmitters,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 20, 6100108 (2014).

IEEE Leos Newsl. (1)

P. J. Winzer, “Modulation and multiplexing in optical communication systems,” IEEE Leos Newsl. 23, 4–10 (2009).

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (2)

L. Xu, W. Zhang, Q. Li, J. Chan, H. L. R. Lira, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “40-Gb/s DPSK data transmission through a silicon microring switch,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(6), 473–475 (2012).
[Crossref]

B. G. Lee, X. Chen, A. Biberman, X. Liu, I.-W. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chou, J. I. Dadap, F. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and K. Bergman, “Ultrahigh-bandwidth silicon photonic nanowire waveguides for on-chip networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(6), 398–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (9)

M. Lipson, “Guiding, modulation, and emitting light on silicon challenges and opportunities,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23(12), 4222–4238 (2005).
[Crossref]

P. J. Winzer and R. Essiambre, “Advanced modulation formats for high-capacity optical transport networks,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24(12), 4711–4728 (2006).
[Crossref]

X. Yi, N. K. Fontaine, R. P. Scott, and S. J. B. Yoo, “Tb/s coherent optical OFDM systems enabled by optical frequency combs,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28(14), 2054–2061 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. H. Gnauck, P. J. Winzer, S. Chandrasekhar, X. Liu, B. Zhu, and D. W. Peckham, “Spectrally efficient long-haul WDM transmission using 224-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed 16-QAM,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(4), 373–377 (2011).
[Crossref]

D. Qian, M.-F. Huang, E. Ip, Y.-K. Huang, Y. Shao, J. Hu, and T. Wang, “High capacity/spectral efficiency 101.7-Tb/s WDM transmission using PDM-128QAM-OFDM over 165-km SSMF within C- and L-bands,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(10), 1540–1548 (2012).
[Crossref]

W.-R. Peng, I. Morita, H. Takahashi, and T. Tsuritani, “Transmission of high-speed (>100 Gb/s) direct-detection optical OFDM superchannel,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(12), 2025–2034 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. Chandrasekhar and X. Liu, “OFDM based superchannel transmission technology,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(24), 3816–3823 (2012).
[Crossref]

K. Xu, L.-G. Yang, J.-Y. Song, Y. M. Chen, Z. Z. Cheng, C.-W. Chow, C.-H. Yeh, and H. K. Tsang, “Compatibility of silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators for advanced modulation formats,” J. Lightwave Technol. 31(15), 2550–2554 (2013).
[Crossref]

Z. Zhou, Z. Tu, T. Li, and X. Wang, “Silicon photonics for advanced optical interconnections,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(4), 928–933 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Netw. (1)

Nat. Photonics (4)

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. J. Kippenberg, and C. Koos, “Coherent terabit communications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs,” Nat. Photonics 8(5), 375–380 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Vlasov, W. M. J. Green, and F. Xia, “High-throughput silicon nanophotonic wavelength-insensitive switch for on-chip optical networks,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 242–246 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. Xia, L. Sekaric, and Y. Vlasov, “Ultracompact optical buffers on a silicon chip,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 65–71 (2007).
[Crossref]

Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 59–63 (2009).
[Crossref]

Nature (1)

Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature 435(7040), 325–327 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (8)

S. McNab, N. Moll, and Y. Vlasov, “Ultra-low loss photonic integrated circuit with membrane-type photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Express 11(22), 2927–2939 (2003), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-11-22-2927 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. D. Bradley, M. Costa e Silva, M. Gay, L. Bramerie, A. Driessen, K. Wörhoff, J. C. Simon, and M. Pollnau, “170 Gbit/s transmission in an erbium-doped waveguide amplifier on silicon,” Opt. Express 17(24), 22201–22208 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-14-2394 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Weimann, P. C. Schindler, R. Palmer, S. Wolf, D. Bekele, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, S. Koeber, R. Schmogrow, L. Alloatti, D. Elder, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, and C. Koos, “Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) frequency comb sources for terabit/s data transmission,” Opt. Express 22(3), 3629–3637 (2014), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-22-3-3629 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Lindenmann, G. Balthasar, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, M. Jordan, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Photonic wire bonding: a novel concept for chip-scale interconnects,” Opt. Express 20(16), 17667–17677 (2012), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-20-16-17667 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Säynätjoki, L. Karvonen, T. Alasaarela, X. Tu, T. Y. Liow, M. Hiltunen, A. Tervonen, G. Q. Lo, and S. Honkanen, “Low-loss silicon slot waveguides and couplers fabricated with optical lithography and atomic layer deposition,” Opt. Express 19(27), 26275–26282 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-19-27-26275 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Yue, L. Zhang, J. Wang, R. G. Beausoleil, and A. E. Willner, “Highly efficient nonlinearity reduction in silicon-on-insulator waveguides using vertical slots,” Opt. Express 18(21), 22061–22066 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-18-21-22061 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Sherwood-Droz, H. Wang, L. Chen, B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “Optical 4x4 hitless slicon router for optical networks-on-chip (NoC),” Opt. Express 16(20), 15915–15922 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-16-20-15915 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Afshar V and T. M. Monro, “A full vectorial model for pulse propagation in emerging waveguides with subwavelength structures part I: Kerr nonlinearity,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2298–2318 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-17-4-2298 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (2)

Proc. IEEE (1)

D. A. B. Miller, “Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips,” Proc. IEEE 88(6), 728–749 (2000).
[Crossref]

Science (1)

E. Ozbay, “Plasmonics: merging photonics and electronics at nanoscale dimensions,” Science 311(5758), 189–193 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (3)

X. Chen, B. G. Lee, X. Liu, B. A. Small, I. Hsieh, J. Dadap, K. Bergman, R. M. Osgood, F. Xia, W. Green, L. Sekaric, and Y. Vlasov, “Demonstration of 300 Gbps error-free transmission of WDM data stream in silicon photonic wires,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2007), paper CTuQ5.
[Crossref]

A. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “On the design of a photonic network-on-chip,” in Pro. Int. Symp. Networks-on-chip (NOCS), Princeton, NJ (2007).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, D. Peckham, M. Yan, T. Taunay, and J. Fini, “Recent progress in transmission fibers for capacity beyond 100-Tbit/s,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper OW1D.5.
[Crossref]

Cited By

OSA participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from OSA journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (7)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the proposed silicon vertical slot waveguide. (a) Mode converter. (b) Cross-section of silicon vertical slot waveguide.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2
Fig. 2 SEM images of (a) silicon photonic device (grating couplers, strip waveguides, slot waveguides, and strip-to-slot/slot-to-strip mode converters), (b)(c) apodized grating coupler, (d)(e) mode converter between strip waveguide and slot waveguide, (f)(g) bending region, and (h)(i) slot region.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Experimental setup for terabit-scale ultra-wide bandwidth WDM OFDM 16-QAM data transmission through silicon vertical slot waveguides.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Measured optical spectra of signals at the transmitter.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) Output spectrum of ultra-wide bandwidth 1.8-Tbit/s (161 WDM OFDM 16-QAM) signals after transmitting through the silicon vertical slot waveguide. (b) BER performance for all 161 WDM channels.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 6
Fig. 6 (a) Received RF spectrum of OFDM 16-QAM signal after demodulation; (b) Measured BER versus received OSNR for data transmission through a 2-mm silicon vertical slot waveguide at three typical wavelengths.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 7
Fig. 7 (a) BER versus received OSNR and (b) constellations for data transmission through 1-mm (slot 1), 2-mm (slot 2), 3.1-mm (slot 3), and 12.2-mm-long (slot 4) silicon vertical slot waveguides, respectively.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Equations (3)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

A eff = | ∫ ( e ν × h ν * )⋅ z ^  dA | 2 ∫ | ( e ν × h ν * )⋅ z ^ | 2 dA
γ ν = 2π λ n 2 ¯ A eff
n 2 ¯ =k ε 0 μ 0 ∫ n 2 (x, y)  n 2 (x, y) (2 | e ν | 4 + | e ν 2 | 2 )  dA 3 ∫ | ( e ν × h ν * )⋅ z ^ | 2 dA

Metrics