Abstract

We have developed an intravascular confocal photoacoustic (PA) endoscope with symmetrically aligned dual-element ultrasonic transducers. By combining focused laser excitation and focused acoustic collection, the intravascular confocal PA endoscope is capable of realizing resolution enhanced intravascular PA imaging with improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to ameliorate the resolution reduction caused by laser scattering with increasing tissue depth. The detection sensitivity of the endoscope is improved by 5 dB compared with that of single transducer endoscope, and the transverse resolution of the system can up to 13 μm. Intravascular PA tomography of a normal vessel and an atherosclerotic vessel have been performed to demonstrate the imaging ability of the system. This intravascular confocal PA endoscope with an outer diameter of 1.2 mm supports potential for clinical applications in intravascular plaque imaging and subsequent diagnosis.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  25. J. Zhang, S. Yang, X. Ji, Q. Zhou, and D. Xing, “Characterization of Lipid-Rich Aortic Plaques by Intravascular Photoacoustic Tomography: Ex Vivo and in Vivo Validation in a Rabbit Atherosclerosis Model with Histologic Correlation,” J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 64(4), 385–390 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. L. Song, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Multifocal optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in vivo,” Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1236–1238 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2014 (5)

T. P. Matthews, C. Zhang, D. K. Yao, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free photoacoustic microscopy of peripheral nerves,” J. Biomed. Opt. 19(1), 016004 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhang, S. Yang, X. Ji, Q. Zhou, and D. Xing, “Characterization of Lipid-Rich Aortic Plaques by Intravascular Photoacoustic Tomography: Ex Vivo and in Vivo Validation in a Rabbit Atherosclerosis Model with Histologic Correlation,” J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 64(4), 385–390 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Hai, J. Yao, K. I. Maslov, Y. Zhou, and L. V. Wang, “Near-infrared optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 39(17), 5192–5195 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (2)

2012 (4)

Z. Tan, Y. Liao, Y. Wu, Z. Tang, and R. K. Wang, “Photoacoustic microscopy achieved by microcavity synchronous parallel acquisition technique,” Opt. Express 20(5), 5802–5808 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Chen, S. Yang, and D. Xing, “In vivo detection of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and carboxyhemoglobin saturation with multiwavelength photoacoustic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 37(16), 3414–3416 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. V. Wang and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science 335(6075), 1458–1462 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (3)

2010 (8)

R. A. Kruger, R. B. Lam, D. R. Reinecke, S. P. Del Rio, and R. P. Doyle, “Photoacoustic angiography of the breast,” Med. Phys. 37(11), 6096–6100 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Jiao, M. Jiang, J. Hu, A. Fawzi, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, C. A. Puliafito, and H. F. Zhang, “Photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy for in vivo retinal imaging,” Opt. Express 18(4), 3967–3972 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Xiao, L. Yao, Y. Sun, E. S. Sobel, J. He, and H. Jiang, “Quantitative two-dimensional photoacoustic tomography of osteoarthritis in the finger joints,” Opt. Express 18(14), 14359–14365 (2010).
[PubMed]

Y. Yuan, S. Yang, and D. Xing, “Preclinical photoacoustic imaging endoscope based on acousto-optic coaxial system using ring transducer array,” Opt. Lett. 35(13), 2266–2268 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Y. Hsieh, S. L. Chen, T. Ling, L. J. Guo, and P. C. Li, “Integrated intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging scan head,” Opt. Lett. 35(17), 2892–2894 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Ntziachristos, “Going deeper than microscopy: the optical imaging frontier in biology,” Nat. Methods 7(8), 603–614 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. B. Karpiouk, B. Wang, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Development of a catheter for combined intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81(1), 014901 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (2)

E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, T. Kelly, J. W. Kim, L. Yang, and V. P. Zharov, “In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 855–860 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, K. Maslov, H. C. Yang, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic endoscopy,” Opt. Lett. 34(10), 1591–1593 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (1)

2007 (1)

Amirian, J. H.

Bai, X.

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bodapati, S.

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cai, X.

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Caravaca-Aguirre, A. M.

Chen, R.

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, S. L.

Chen, X.

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, Z.

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Chen, S. Yang, and D. Xing, “In vivo detection of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and carboxyhemoglobin saturation with multiwavelength photoacoustic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 37(16), 3414–3416 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Wei, X. Li, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and Z. Chen, “Integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic probe for co-registered intravascular imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(10), 106001 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cheng, J.-X.

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Conkey, D. B.

Dai, H.

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

de la Zerda, A.

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Del Rio, S. P.

R. A. Kruger, R. B. Lam, D. R. Reinecke, S. P. Del Rio, and R. P. Doyle, “Photoacoustic angiography of the breast,” Med. Phys. 37(11), 6096–6100 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dove, J. D.

Doyle, R. P.

R. A. Kruger, R. B. Lam, D. R. Reinecke, S. P. Del Rio, and R. P. Doyle, “Photoacoustic angiography of the breast,” Med. Phys. 37(11), 6096–6100 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Emelianov, S. Y.

A. B. Karpiouk, B. Wang, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Development of a catheter for combined intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81(1), 014901 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Sethuraman, J. H. Amirian, S. H. Litovsky, R. W. Smalling, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Spectroscopic intravascular photoacoustic imaging to differentiate atherosclerotic plaques,” Opt. Express 16(5), 3362–3367 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Favazza, C.

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fawzi, A.

Galanzha, E. I.

E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, T. Kelly, J. W. Kim, L. Yang, and V. P. Zharov, “In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 855–860 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gambhir, S. S.

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gateau, J.

Gong, X.

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Guo, L. J.

Hai, P.

Hau, W.

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

He, J.

Hsieh, B. Y.

Hu, J.

Hu, S.

L. V. Wang and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science 335(6075), 1458–1462 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hui, J.

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jansen, K.

Ji, X.

J. Zhang, S. Yang, X. Ji, Q. Zhou, and D. Xing, “Characterization of Lipid-Rich Aortic Plaques by Intravascular Photoacoustic Tomography: Ex Vivo and in Vivo Validation in a Rabbit Atherosclerosis Model with Histologic Correlation,” J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 64(4), 385–390 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jiang, H.

Jiang, M.

Jiao, S.

Ju, H.

Karpiouk, A. B.

A. B. Karpiouk, B. Wang, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Development of a catheter for combined intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81(1), 014901 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kelly, T.

E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, T. Kelly, J. W. Kim, L. Yang, and V. P. Zharov, “In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 855–860 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Khuri-Yakub, B. T.

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, J. W.

E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, T. Kelly, J. W. Kim, L. Yang, and V. P. Zharov, “In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 855–860 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kruger, R. A.

R. A. Kruger, R. B. Lam, D. R. Reinecke, S. P. Del Rio, and R. P. Doyle, “Photoacoustic angiography of the breast,” Med. Phys. 37(11), 6096–6100 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lam, R. B.

R. A. Kruger, R. B. Lam, D. R. Reinecke, S. P. Del Rio, and R. P. Doyle, “Photoacoustic angiography of the breast,” Med. Phys. 37(11), 6096–6100 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, P. C.

Li, X.

W. Wei, X. Li, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and Z. Chen, “Integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic probe for co-registered intravascular imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(10), 106001 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liang, S.

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liao, Y.

Lin, R.

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ling, T.

Litovsky, S. H.

Liu, C.

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, Z.

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ma, T.

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Maslov, K.

T. P. Matthews, C. Zhang, D. K. Yao, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free photoacoustic microscopy of peripheral nerves,” J. Biomed. Opt. 19(1), 016004 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Song, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Multifocal optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in vivo,” Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1236–1238 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, K. Maslov, H. C. Yang, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic endoscopy,” Opt. Lett. 34(10), 1591–1593 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Maslov, K. I.

Matthews, T. P.

T. P. Matthews, C. Zhang, D. K. Yao, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free photoacoustic microscopy of peripheral nerves,” J. Biomed. Opt. 19(1), 016004 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Murray, T. W.

Ntziachristos, V.

M. Omar, J. Gateau, and V. Ntziachristos, “Raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy in the 25-125 MHz range,” Opt. Lett. 38(14), 2472–2474 (2013).
[PubMed]

V. Ntziachristos, “Going deeper than microscopy: the optical imaging frontier in biology,” Nat. Methods 7(8), 603–614 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Omar, M.

Oosterhuis, J. W.

Piestun, R.

Puliafito, C. A.

Reinecke, D. R.

R. A. Kruger, R. B. Lam, D. R. Reinecke, S. P. Del Rio, and R. P. Doyle, “Photoacoustic angiography of the breast,” Med. Phys. 37(11), 6096–6100 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Roy, S.

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sethuraman, S.

Shashkov, E. V.

E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, T. Kelly, J. W. Kim, L. Yang, and V. P. Zharov, “In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 855–860 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shung, K. K.

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Wei, X. Li, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and Z. Chen, “Integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic probe for co-registered intravascular imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(10), 106001 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Jiao, M. Jiang, J. Hu, A. Fawzi, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, C. A. Puliafito, and H. F. Zhang, “Photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy for in vivo retinal imaging,” Opt. Express 18(4), 3967–3972 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, K. Maslov, H. C. Yang, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic endoscopy,” Opt. Lett. 34(10), 1591–1593 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Slipchenko, M. N.

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Smalling, R. W.

Sobel, E. S.

Song, L.

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Song, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Multifocal optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in vivo,” Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1236–1238 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sturek, M.

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sun, Y.

Tan, Z.

Tang, Z.

Teed, R.

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vaithilingam, S.

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

van Beusekom, H. M.

van der Steen, A. F.

van Soest, G.

Wang, B.

A. B. Karpiouk, B. Wang, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Development of a catheter for combined intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81(1), 014901 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, L. V.

T. P. Matthews, C. Zhang, D. K. Yao, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free photoacoustic microscopy of peripheral nerves,” J. Biomed. Opt. 19(1), 016004 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Hai, J. Yao, K. I. Maslov, Y. Zhou, and L. V. Wang, “Near-infrared optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 39(17), 5192–5195 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. V. Wang and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science 335(6075), 1458–1462 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Song, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Multifocal optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in vivo,” Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1236–1238 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, K. Maslov, H. C. Yang, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic endoscopy,” Opt. Lett. 34(10), 1591–1593 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, P.

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, R. K.

Wei, W.

W. Wei, X. Li, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and Z. Chen, “Integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic probe for co-registered intravascular imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(10), 106001 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wu, Y.

Xiang, L. Z.

Xiao, J.

Xing, D.

Yang, D. W.

Yang, H. C.

Yang, J. M.

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, K. Maslov, H. C. Yang, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic endoscopy,” Opt. Lett. 34(10), 1591–1593 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, L.

E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, T. Kelly, J. W. Kim, L. Yang, and V. P. Zharov, “In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 855–860 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, S.

Yang, S. H.

Yao, D. K.

T. P. Matthews, C. Zhang, D. K. Yao, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free photoacoustic microscopy of peripheral nerves,” J. Biomed. Opt. 19(1), 016004 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yao, J.

P. Hai, J. Yao, K. I. Maslov, Y. Zhou, and L. V. Wang, “Near-infrared optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 39(17), 5192–5195 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yao, L.

Yuan, Y.

Zeng, C.

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, C.

T. P. Matthews, C. Zhang, D. K. Yao, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free photoacoustic microscopy of peripheral nerves,” J. Biomed. Opt. 19(1), 016004 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, H. F.

Zhang, J.

J. Zhang, S. Yang, X. Ji, Q. Zhou, and D. Xing, “Characterization of Lipid-Rich Aortic Plaques by Intravascular Photoacoustic Tomography: Ex Vivo and in Vivo Validation in a Rabbit Atherosclerosis Model with Histologic Correlation,” J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 64(4), 385–390 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zharov, V. P.

E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, T. Kelly, J. W. Kim, L. Yang, and V. P. Zharov, “In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 855–860 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zheng, H.

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zheng, J.

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhou, Q.

J. Zhang, S. Yang, X. Ji, Q. Zhou, and D. Xing, “Characterization of Lipid-Rich Aortic Plaques by Intravascular Photoacoustic Tomography: Ex Vivo and in Vivo Validation in a Rabbit Atherosclerosis Model with Histologic Correlation,” J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 64(4), 385–390 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Wei, X. Li, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and Z. Chen, “Integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic probe for co-registered intravascular imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(10), 106001 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Jiao, M. Jiang, J. Hu, A. Fawzi, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, C. A. Puliafito, and H. F. Zhang, “Photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy for in vivo retinal imaging,” Opt. Express 18(4), 3967–3972 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, K. Maslov, H. C. Yang, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic endoscopy,” Opt. Lett. 34(10), 1591–1593 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhou, Y.

Zou, X.

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1)

J. Zhang, S. Yang, X. Ji, Q. Zhou, and D. Xing, “Characterization of Lipid-Rich Aortic Plaques by Intravascular Photoacoustic Tomography: Ex Vivo and in Vivo Validation in a Rabbit Atherosclerosis Model with Histologic Correlation,” J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 64(4), 385–390 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Biomed. Opt. (2)

T. P. Matthews, C. Zhang, D. K. Yao, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Label-free photoacoustic microscopy of peripheral nerves,” J. Biomed. Opt. 19(1), 016004 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Wei, X. Li, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and Z. Chen, “Integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic probe for co-registered intravascular imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(10), 106001 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Med. Phys. (1)

R. A. Kruger, R. B. Lam, D. R. Reinecke, S. P. Del Rio, and R. P. Doyle, “Photoacoustic angiography of the breast,” Med. Phys. 37(11), 6096–6100 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nano Lett. (1)

A. de la Zerda, Z. Liu, S. Bodapati, R. Teed, S. Vaithilingam, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, X. Chen, H. Dai, and S. S. Gambhir, “Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice,” Nano Lett. 10(6), 2168–2172 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Med. (1)

J. M. Yang, C. Favazza, R. Chen, J. Yao, X. Cai, K. Maslov, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo,” Nat. Med. 18(8), 1297–1302 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Methods (1)

V. Ntziachristos, “Going deeper than microscopy: the optical imaging frontier in biology,” Nat. Methods 7(8), 603–614 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Nanotechnol. (1)

E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, T. Kelly, J. W. Kim, L. Yang, and V. P. Zharov, “In vivo magnetic enrichment and multiplex photoacoustic detection of circulating tumour cells,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 855–860 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (6)

Opt. Lett. (8)

P. Hai, J. Yao, K. I. Maslov, Y. Zhou, and L. V. Wang, “Near-infrared optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 39(17), 5192–5195 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Chen, S. Yang, and D. Xing, “In vivo detection of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and carboxyhemoglobin saturation with multiwavelength photoacoustic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 37(16), 3414–3416 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Omar, J. Gateau, and V. Ntziachristos, “Raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy in the 25-125 MHz range,” Opt. Lett. 38(14), 2472–2474 (2013).
[PubMed]

Y. Yuan, S. Yang, and D. Xing, “Preclinical photoacoustic imaging endoscope based on acousto-optic coaxial system using ring transducer array,” Opt. Lett. 35(13), 2266–2268 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Y. Hsieh, S. L. Chen, T. Ling, L. J. Guo, and P. C. Li, “Integrated intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging scan head,” Opt. Lett. 35(17), 2892–2894 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Jansen, A. F. van der Steen, H. M. van Beusekom, J. W. Oosterhuis, and G. van Soest, “Intravascular photoacoustic imaging of human coronary atherosclerosis,” Opt. Lett. 36(5), 597–599 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Song, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Multifocal optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in vivo,” Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1236–1238 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Yang, K. Maslov, H. C. Yang, Q. Zhou, K. K. Shung, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic endoscopy,” Opt. Lett. 34(10), 1591–1593 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

PLoS ONE (1)

X. Bai, X. Gong, W. Hau, R. Lin, J. Zheng, C. Liu, C. Zeng, X. Zou, H. Zheng, and L. Song, “Intravascular optical-resolution photoacoustic tomography with a 1.1 mm diameter catheter,” PLoS ONE 9(3), e92463 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1)

A. B. Karpiouk, B. Wang, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Development of a catheter for combined intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81(1), 014901 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sci Rep (1)

P. Wang, T. Ma, M. N. Slipchenko, S. Liang, J. Hui, K. K. Shung, S. Roy, M. Sturek, Q. Zhou, Z. Chen, and J.-X. Cheng, “High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-Laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser,” Sci Rep 4, 6889 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Science (1)

L. V. Wang and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science 335(6075), 1458–1462 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) Architecture of the endoscopic probe. Transducer elements with an angle of about 148° are symmetrically placed on both sides of the reflected laser. (b) Photograph of the intravascular confocal PA endoscope.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) Schematic diagram of the system. PBS, polarizing beam splitter; POL, plan objective lens; AMP, amplifier; DAQ, data acquisition system; NDF neutral density filter; PD, photodiode. (b) Photograph of the optical and electric slip ring.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) PA signal detected by the single-element ultrasonic transducer. (b) PA signal detected by the dual-element ultrasonic transducer. (c) Bandwidth of the transducer elements with a –6 dB bandwidth of 58%. (d) SNR as a function of the radial position.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a) PA B-scan image of the carbon fiber. (b) Enlarged view of the dashed box in (a). (c) PA B-scan image of carbon fibers with different locations and angles. (d) Transverse point spread function (PSF) for the target located at the focal point cut along dashed line 1. (e) Hilbert-transformed signal of PA A-line signal cut along dashed line 2. (f) The transverse resolution varies with depth.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) PA imaging of a normal vessel by using single-element transducer. (b) PA imaging of a normal vessel by using dual-element transducer. (c) PA imaging of a normal vessel. (d) PA imaging of an atherosclerotic plaque. (e)-(f) Distribution of the PA amplitude (dots) along the dashed line in (a)-(b). (h) Bright-field optical image of a normal vessel stained with oil red, targeting lipids. (i) Bright-field optical image of an atherosclerotic vessel stained with oil red, targeting lipids.

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