Abstract

Silicon (Si)-based light emitting thin film has been a key ingredient for all-Si-based optoelectronics. Besides material engineering, adopting a novel 3D photonic architecture represents an effective strategy to boost light excitation and extraction from Si-based thin film material. We here explore the use of a nanowires (NW) framework, grown via vapor-liquid-solid mode, to achieve strongly enhanced yellow-green luminescence from SiNxOy/NW core-shell structure, with an order of magnitude enhancement compared to co-deposited planar references. We found that choosing geometrically-identical but different NW cores (Si or SiO2) can lead to profound influence on the overall light emission performance. Combining parametric investigation and theoretical modeling, we have been able to evaluate the key contributions arising from different mechanisms that include near-field enhancement, 3D light trapping and enhanced light extraction. These new findings indicate a new and effective strategy for strong Si-based thin film light emitting source, while being generic enough to be applicable in a wide variety of other thin film materials.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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  10. L. Cao, B. Garipcan, E. M. Gallo, S. S. Nonnenmann, B. Nabet, and J. E. Spanier, “Excitation of Local Field Enhancement on Silicon Nanowires,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 601–605 (2008).
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    [Crossref]
  20. L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, T. Jeon, M. Foldyna, G. Picardi, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Bismuth-Catalyzed and Doped Silicon Nanowires for One-Pump-Down Fabrication of Radial Junction Solar Cells,” Nano Lett. 12(8), 4153–4158 (2012).
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  24. F. Dhalluin, T. Baron, P. Ferret, B. Salem, P. Gentile, and J. C. Harmand, “Silicon nanowires: Diameter dependence of growth rate and delay in growth,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(13), 133109 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  25. H. Dong, D. Wang, K. Chen, J. Huang, H. Sun, W. Li, J. Xu, and Z. Ma, “Field dependent electroluminescence from amorphous Si/SiNx multilayer structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(16), 161101 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  26. L. Yu, B. O’Donnell, P.-J. Alet, S. Conesa-Boj, F. Peiró, J. Arbiol, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts,” Nanotechnology 20(22), 225604 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  27. L. Yu, P.-J. Alet, G. Picardi, I. Maurin, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Synthesis, morphology and compositional evolution of silicon nanowires directly grown on SnO2 substrates,” Nanotechnology 19(48), 485605 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. S. Misra, L. Yu, W. Chen, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Wetting Layer: The Key Player in Plasma-Assisted Silicon Nanowire Growth Mediated by Tin,” J. Phys. Chem. C 117(34), 17786–17790 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  29. L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, G. Patriache, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Stability and evolution of low-surface-tension metal catalyzed growth of silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(12), 123113 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  30. R. A. Street, P. Qi, R. Lujan, and W. S. Wong, “Reflectivity of disordered silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 163109 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  31. J. Zhu, Z. Yu, G. F. Burkhard, C.-M. Hsu, S. T. Connor, Y. Xu, Q. Wang, M. McGehee, S. Fan, and Y. Cui, “Optical Absorption Enhancement in Amorphous Silicon Nanowire and Nanocone Arrays,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 279–282 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  32. Y.-F. Huang, S. Chattopadhyay, Y.-J. Jen, C.-Y. Peng, T.-A. Liu, Y.-K. Hsu, C.-L. Pan, H.-C. Lo, C.-H. Hsu, Y.-H. Chang, C.-S. Lee, K.-H. Chen, and L.-C. Chen, “Improved broadband and quasi-omnidirectional anti-reflection properties with biomimetic silicon nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(12), 770–774 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  33. M. Munsch, N. S. Malik, E. Dupuy, A. Delga, J. Bleuse, J.-M. Gérard, J. Claudon, N. Gregersen, and J. Mørk, “Dielectric GaAs Antenna Ensuring an Efficient Broadband Coupling between an InAs Quantum Dot and a Gaussian Optical Beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(17), 177402 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2014 (1)

L. Yu, S. Misra, J. Wang, S. Qian, M. Foldyna, J. Xu, Y. Shi, E. Johnson, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Understanding Light Harvesting in Radial Junction Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells,” Sci Rep 4, 4357 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (4)

S. Misra, L. Yu, M. Foldyna, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “High efficiency and stable hydrogenated amorphous silicon radial junction solar cells built on VLS-grown silicon nanowires,” Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 118, 90–95 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Misra, L. Yu, W. Chen, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Wetting Layer: The Key Player in Plasma-Assisted Silicon Nanowire Growth Mediated by Tin,” J. Phys. Chem. C 117(34), 17786–17790 (2013).
[Crossref]

M. Munsch, N. S. Malik, E. Dupuy, A. Delga, J. Bleuse, J.-M. Gérard, J. Claudon, N. Gregersen, and J. Mørk, “Dielectric GaAs Antenna Ensuring an Efficient Broadband Coupling between an InAs Quantum Dot and a Gaussian Optical Beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(17), 177402 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Kallel, A. Arbouet, M. Carrada, G. Ben Assayag, A. Chehaidar, P. Periwal, T. Baron, P. Normand, and V. Paillard, “Photoluminescence enhancement of silicon nanocrystals placed in the near field of a silicon nanowire,” Phys. Rev. B 88(8), 081302 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (2)

S. M. Wells, I. A. Merkulov, I. I. Kravchenko, N. V. Lavrik, and M. J. Sepaniak, “Silicon Nanopillars for Field-Enhanced Surface Spectroscopy,” ACS Nano 6(4), 2948–2959 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, T. Jeon, M. Foldyna, G. Picardi, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Bismuth-Catalyzed and Doped Silicon Nanowires for One-Pump-Down Fabrication of Radial Junction Solar Cells,” Nano Lett. 12(8), 4153–4158 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (2)

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, G. Patriache, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Stability and evolution of low-surface-tension metal catalyzed growth of silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(12), 123113 (2011).
[Crossref]

Y. Liu, S. H. Sun, J. Xu, L. Zhao, H. C. Sun, J. Li, W. W. Mu, L. Xu, and K. J. Chen, “Broadband antireflection and absorption enhancement by forming nano-patterned Si structures for solar cells,” Opt. Express 19(S5Suppl 5), A1051–A1056 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (2)

J. Wang, V. Suendo, A. Abramov, L. Yu, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Strongly enhanced tunable photoluminescence in polymorphous silicon carbon thin films via excitation-transfer mechanism,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(22), 221113 (2010).
[Crossref]

F. Dhalluin, T. Baron, P. Ferret, B. Salem, P. Gentile, and J. C. Harmand, “Silicon nanowires: Diameter dependence of growth rate and delay in growth,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(13), 133109 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (8)

H. Dong, D. Wang, K. Chen, J. Huang, H. Sun, W. Li, J. Xu, and Z. Ma, “Field dependent electroluminescence from amorphous Si/SiNx multilayer structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(16), 161101 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. Yu, B. O’Donnell, P.-J. Alet, S. Conesa-Boj, F. Peiró, J. Arbiol, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts,” Nanotechnology 20(22), 225604 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhu, Z. Yu, G. F. Burkhard, C.-M. Hsu, S. T. Connor, Y. Xu, Q. Wang, M. McGehee, S. Fan, and Y. Cui, “Optical Absorption Enhancement in Amorphous Silicon Nanowire and Nanocone Arrays,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 279–282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Wiesmann, K. Bergenek, N. Linder, and U. T. Schwarz, “Photonic crystal LEDs – designing light extraction,” Laser Photon. Rev. 3(3), 262–286 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. Cao, J. S. White, J.-S. Park, J. A. Schuller, B. M. Clemens, and M. L. Brongersma, “Engineering light absorption in semiconductor nanowire devices,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 643–647 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J. W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Marconi, A. Anopchenko, M. Wang, G. Pucker, P. Bellutti, and L. Pavesi, “High power efficiency in Si-nc/SiO2 multilayer light emitting devices by bipolar direct tunneling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(22), 221110 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. A. Street, W. S. Wong, and C. Paulson, “Analytic Model for Diffuse Reflectivity of Silicon Nanowire Mats,” Nano Lett. 9(10), 3494–3497 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (5)

L. Cao, B. Garipcan, E. M. Gallo, S. S. Nonnenmann, B. Nabet, and J. E. Spanier, “Excitation of Local Field Enhancement on Silicon Nanowires,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 601–605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Lai, W. Kim, and P. Yang, “Vertical nanowire array-based light emitting diodes,” Nano Research 1(2), 123–128 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Stelzner, M. Pietsch, G. Andrä, F. Falk, E. Ose, and S. Christiansen, “Silicon nanowire-based solar cells,” Nanotechnology 19(29), 295203 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. A. Street, P. Qi, R. Lujan, and W. S. Wong, “Reflectivity of disordered silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 163109 (2008).
[Crossref]

L. Yu, P.-J. Alet, G. Picardi, I. Maurin, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Synthesis, morphology and compositional evolution of silicon nanowires directly grown on SnO2 substrates,” Nanotechnology 19(48), 485605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (3)

Y.-F. Huang, S. Chattopadhyay, Y.-J. Jen, C.-Y. Peng, T.-A. Liu, Y.-K. Hsu, C.-L. Pan, H.-C. Lo, C.-H. Hsu, Y.-H. Chang, C.-S. Lee, K.-H. Chen, and L.-C. Chen, “Improved broadband and quasi-omnidirectional anti-reflection properties with biomimetic silicon nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(12), 770–774 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Z. Tian, X. L. Zheng, T. J. Kempa, Y. Fang, N. F. Yu, G. H. Yu, J. L. Huang, and C. M. Lieber, “Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources,” Nature 449(7164), 885–889 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Huang, K. Chen, H. Dong, D. Wang, H. Ding, W. Li, J. Xu, Z. Ma, and L. Xu, “Enhanced electroluminescence efficiency of oxidized amorphous silicon nitride light-emitting devices by modulating Si/N ratio,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(11), 111104 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

2004 (1)

1993 (1)

S. S. Iyer and Y.-H. Xie, “Light Emission from Silicon,” Science 260(5104), 40–46 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1992 (1)

K. Chen, X. Huang, J. Xu, and D. Feng, “Visible photoluminescence in crystallized amorphous Si:H/SiNx:H multiquantum‐well structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 61(17), 2069–2071 (1992).
[Crossref]

Abramov, A.

J. Wang, V. Suendo, A. Abramov, L. Yu, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Strongly enhanced tunable photoluminescence in polymorphous silicon carbon thin films via excitation-transfer mechanism,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(22), 221113 (2010).
[Crossref]

Ager, J. W.

Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J. W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Alet, P.-J.

L. Yu, B. O’Donnell, P.-J. Alet, S. Conesa-Boj, F. Peiró, J. Arbiol, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts,” Nanotechnology 20(22), 225604 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yu, P.-J. Alet, G. Picardi, I. Maurin, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Synthesis, morphology and compositional evolution of silicon nanowires directly grown on SnO2 substrates,” Nanotechnology 19(48), 485605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Andrä, G.

T. Stelzner, M. Pietsch, G. Andrä, F. Falk, E. Ose, and S. Christiansen, “Silicon nanowire-based solar cells,” Nanotechnology 19(29), 295203 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Anopchenko, A.

A. Marconi, A. Anopchenko, M. Wang, G. Pucker, P. Bellutti, and L. Pavesi, “High power efficiency in Si-nc/SiO2 multilayer light emitting devices by bipolar direct tunneling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(22), 221110 (2009).
[Crossref]

Arbiol, J.

L. Yu, B. O’Donnell, P.-J. Alet, S. Conesa-Boj, F. Peiró, J. Arbiol, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts,” Nanotechnology 20(22), 225604 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Arbouet, A.

H. Kallel, A. Arbouet, M. Carrada, G. Ben Assayag, A. Chehaidar, P. Periwal, T. Baron, P. Normand, and V. Paillard, “Photoluminescence enhancement of silicon nanocrystals placed in the near field of a silicon nanowire,” Phys. Rev. B 88(8), 081302 (2013).
[Crossref]

Baron, T.

H. Kallel, A. Arbouet, M. Carrada, G. Ben Assayag, A. Chehaidar, P. Periwal, T. Baron, P. Normand, and V. Paillard, “Photoluminescence enhancement of silicon nanocrystals placed in the near field of a silicon nanowire,” Phys. Rev. B 88(8), 081302 (2013).
[Crossref]

F. Dhalluin, T. Baron, P. Ferret, B. Salem, P. Gentile, and J. C. Harmand, “Silicon nanowires: Diameter dependence of growth rate and delay in growth,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(13), 133109 (2010).
[Crossref]

Bellutti, P.

A. Marconi, A. Anopchenko, M. Wang, G. Pucker, P. Bellutti, and L. Pavesi, “High power efficiency in Si-nc/SiO2 multilayer light emitting devices by bipolar direct tunneling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(22), 221110 (2009).
[Crossref]

Ben Assayag, G.

H. Kallel, A. Arbouet, M. Carrada, G. Ben Assayag, A. Chehaidar, P. Periwal, T. Baron, P. Normand, and V. Paillard, “Photoluminescence enhancement of silicon nanocrystals placed in the near field of a silicon nanowire,” Phys. Rev. B 88(8), 081302 (2013).
[Crossref]

Bergenek, K.

C. Wiesmann, K. Bergenek, N. Linder, and U. T. Schwarz, “Photonic crystal LEDs – designing light extraction,” Laser Photon. Rev. 3(3), 262–286 (2009).
[Crossref]

Bleuse, J.

M. Munsch, N. S. Malik, E. Dupuy, A. Delga, J. Bleuse, J.-M. Gérard, J. Claudon, N. Gregersen, and J. Mørk, “Dielectric GaAs Antenna Ensuring an Efficient Broadband Coupling between an InAs Quantum Dot and a Gaussian Optical Beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(17), 177402 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Brongersma, M. L.

L. Cao, J. S. White, J.-S. Park, J. A. Schuller, B. M. Clemens, and M. L. Brongersma, “Engineering light absorption in semiconductor nanowire devices,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 643–647 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Burkhard, G. F.

J. Zhu, Z. Yu, G. F. Burkhard, C.-M. Hsu, S. T. Connor, Y. Xu, Q. Wang, M. McGehee, S. Fan, and Y. Cui, “Optical Absorption Enhancement in Amorphous Silicon Nanowire and Nanocone Arrays,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 279–282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cabarrocas, P. R.

L. Yu, S. Misra, J. Wang, S. Qian, M. Foldyna, J. Xu, Y. Shi, E. Johnson, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Understanding Light Harvesting in Radial Junction Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells,” Sci Rep 4, 4357 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yu, B. O’Donnell, P.-J. Alet, S. Conesa-Boj, F. Peiró, J. Arbiol, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts,” Nanotechnology 20(22), 225604 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yu, P.-J. Alet, G. Picardi, I. Maurin, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Synthesis, morphology and compositional evolution of silicon nanowires directly grown on SnO2 substrates,” Nanotechnology 19(48), 485605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cao, L.

L. Cao, J. S. White, J.-S. Park, J. A. Schuller, B. M. Clemens, and M. L. Brongersma, “Engineering light absorption in semiconductor nanowire devices,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 643–647 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Cao, B. Garipcan, E. M. Gallo, S. S. Nonnenmann, B. Nabet, and J. E. Spanier, “Excitation of Local Field Enhancement on Silicon Nanowires,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 601–605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Carrada, M.

H. Kallel, A. Arbouet, M. Carrada, G. Ben Assayag, A. Chehaidar, P. Periwal, T. Baron, P. Normand, and V. Paillard, “Photoluminescence enhancement of silicon nanocrystals placed in the near field of a silicon nanowire,” Phys. Rev. B 88(8), 081302 (2013).
[Crossref]

Chang, Y.-H.

Y.-F. Huang, S. Chattopadhyay, Y.-J. Jen, C.-Y. Peng, T.-A. Liu, Y.-K. Hsu, C.-L. Pan, H.-C. Lo, C.-H. Hsu, Y.-H. Chang, C.-S. Lee, K.-H. Chen, and L.-C. Chen, “Improved broadband and quasi-omnidirectional anti-reflection properties with biomimetic silicon nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(12), 770–774 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chattopadhyay, S.

Y.-F. Huang, S. Chattopadhyay, Y.-J. Jen, C.-Y. Peng, T.-A. Liu, Y.-K. Hsu, C.-L. Pan, H.-C. Lo, C.-H. Hsu, Y.-H. Chang, C.-S. Lee, K.-H. Chen, and L.-C. Chen, “Improved broadband and quasi-omnidirectional anti-reflection properties with biomimetic silicon nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(12), 770–774 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chehaidar, A.

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R. Huang, K. Chen, H. Dong, D. Wang, H. Ding, W. Li, J. Xu, Z. Ma, and L. Xu, “Enhanced electroluminescence efficiency of oxidized amorphous silicon nitride light-emitting devices by modulating Si/N ratio,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(11), 111104 (2007).
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F. Dhalluin, T. Baron, P. Ferret, B. Salem, P. Gentile, and J. C. Harmand, “Silicon nanowires: Diameter dependence of growth rate and delay in growth,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(13), 133109 (2010).
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B. Z. Tian, X. L. Zheng, T. J. Kempa, Y. Fang, N. F. Yu, G. H. Yu, J. L. Huang, and C. M. Lieber, “Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources,” Nature 449(7164), 885–889 (2007).
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Li, W.

H. Dong, D. Wang, K. Chen, J. Huang, H. Sun, W. Li, J. Xu, and Z. Ma, “Field dependent electroluminescence from amorphous Si/SiNx multilayer structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(16), 161101 (2009).
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R. Huang, K. Chen, H. Dong, D. Wang, H. Ding, W. Li, J. Xu, Z. Ma, and L. Xu, “Enhanced electroluminescence efficiency of oxidized amorphous silicon nitride light-emitting devices by modulating Si/N ratio,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(11), 111104 (2007).
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B. Z. Tian, X. L. Zheng, T. J. Kempa, Y. Fang, N. F. Yu, G. H. Yu, J. L. Huang, and C. M. Lieber, “Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources,” Nature 449(7164), 885–889 (2007).
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L. Yu, S. Misra, J. Wang, S. Qian, M. Foldyna, J. Xu, Y. Shi, E. Johnson, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Understanding Light Harvesting in Radial Junction Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells,” Sci Rep 4, 4357 (2014).
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Mørk, J.

M. Munsch, N. S. Malik, E. Dupuy, A. Delga, J. Bleuse, J.-M. Gérard, J. Claudon, N. Gregersen, and J. Mørk, “Dielectric GaAs Antenna Ensuring an Efficient Broadband Coupling between an InAs Quantum Dot and a Gaussian Optical Beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(17), 177402 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mu, W. W.

Munsch, M.

M. Munsch, N. S. Malik, E. Dupuy, A. Delga, J. Bleuse, J.-M. Gérard, J. Claudon, N. Gregersen, and J. Mørk, “Dielectric GaAs Antenna Ensuring an Efficient Broadband Coupling between an InAs Quantum Dot and a Gaussian Optical Beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(17), 177402 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nabet, B.

L. Cao, B. Garipcan, E. M. Gallo, S. S. Nonnenmann, B. Nabet, and J. E. Spanier, “Excitation of Local Field Enhancement on Silicon Nanowires,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 601–605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Neale, S.

Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J. W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nonnenmann, S. S.

L. Cao, B. Garipcan, E. M. Gallo, S. S. Nonnenmann, B. Nabet, and J. E. Spanier, “Excitation of Local Field Enhancement on Silicon Nanowires,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 601–605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Normand, P.

H. Kallel, A. Arbouet, M. Carrada, G. Ben Assayag, A. Chehaidar, P. Periwal, T. Baron, P. Normand, and V. Paillard, “Photoluminescence enhancement of silicon nanocrystals placed in the near field of a silicon nanowire,” Phys. Rev. B 88(8), 081302 (2013).
[Crossref]

O’Donnell, B.

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, T. Jeon, M. Foldyna, G. Picardi, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Bismuth-Catalyzed and Doped Silicon Nanowires for One-Pump-Down Fabrication of Radial Junction Solar Cells,” Nano Lett. 12(8), 4153–4158 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, G. Patriache, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Stability and evolution of low-surface-tension metal catalyzed growth of silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(12), 123113 (2011).
[Crossref]

L. Yu, B. O’Donnell, P.-J. Alet, S. Conesa-Boj, F. Peiró, J. Arbiol, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts,” Nanotechnology 20(22), 225604 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ose, E.

T. Stelzner, M. Pietsch, G. Andrä, F. Falk, E. Ose, and S. Christiansen, “Silicon nanowire-based solar cells,” Nanotechnology 19(29), 295203 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Paillard, V.

H. Kallel, A. Arbouet, M. Carrada, G. Ben Assayag, A. Chehaidar, P. Periwal, T. Baron, P. Normand, and V. Paillard, “Photoluminescence enhancement of silicon nanocrystals placed in the near field of a silicon nanowire,” Phys. Rev. B 88(8), 081302 (2013).
[Crossref]

Pan, C.-L.

Y.-F. Huang, S. Chattopadhyay, Y.-J. Jen, C.-Y. Peng, T.-A. Liu, Y.-K. Hsu, C.-L. Pan, H.-C. Lo, C.-H. Hsu, Y.-H. Chang, C.-S. Lee, K.-H. Chen, and L.-C. Chen, “Improved broadband and quasi-omnidirectional anti-reflection properties with biomimetic silicon nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(12), 770–774 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Park, J.-S.

L. Cao, J. S. White, J.-S. Park, J. A. Schuller, B. M. Clemens, and M. L. Brongersma, “Engineering light absorption in semiconductor nanowire devices,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 643–647 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Patriache, G.

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, G. Patriache, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Stability and evolution of low-surface-tension metal catalyzed growth of silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(12), 123113 (2011).
[Crossref]

Paulson, C.

R. A. Street, W. S. Wong, and C. Paulson, “Analytic Model for Diffuse Reflectivity of Silicon Nanowire Mats,” Nano Lett. 9(10), 3494–3497 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pavesi, L.

A. Marconi, A. Anopchenko, M. Wang, G. Pucker, P. Bellutti, and L. Pavesi, “High power efficiency in Si-nc/SiO2 multilayer light emitting devices by bipolar direct tunneling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(22), 221110 (2009).
[Crossref]

Peiró, F.

L. Yu, B. O’Donnell, P.-J. Alet, S. Conesa-Boj, F. Peiró, J. Arbiol, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts,” Nanotechnology 20(22), 225604 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Peng, C.-Y.

Y.-F. Huang, S. Chattopadhyay, Y.-J. Jen, C.-Y. Peng, T.-A. Liu, Y.-K. Hsu, C.-L. Pan, H.-C. Lo, C.-H. Hsu, Y.-H. Chang, C.-S. Lee, K.-H. Chen, and L.-C. Chen, “Improved broadband and quasi-omnidirectional anti-reflection properties with biomimetic silicon nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(12), 770–774 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Periwal, P.

H. Kallel, A. Arbouet, M. Carrada, G. Ben Assayag, A. Chehaidar, P. Periwal, T. Baron, P. Normand, and V. Paillard, “Photoluminescence enhancement of silicon nanocrystals placed in the near field of a silicon nanowire,” Phys. Rev. B 88(8), 081302 (2013).
[Crossref]

Picardi, G.

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, T. Jeon, M. Foldyna, G. Picardi, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Bismuth-Catalyzed and Doped Silicon Nanowires for One-Pump-Down Fabrication of Radial Junction Solar Cells,” Nano Lett. 12(8), 4153–4158 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yu, P.-J. Alet, G. Picardi, I. Maurin, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Synthesis, morphology and compositional evolution of silicon nanowires directly grown on SnO2 substrates,” Nanotechnology 19(48), 485605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pietsch, M.

T. Stelzner, M. Pietsch, G. Andrä, F. Falk, E. Ose, and S. Christiansen, “Silicon nanowire-based solar cells,” Nanotechnology 19(29), 295203 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Poitras, D.

Pucker, G.

A. Marconi, A. Anopchenko, M. Wang, G. Pucker, P. Bellutti, and L. Pavesi, “High power efficiency in Si-nc/SiO2 multilayer light emitting devices by bipolar direct tunneling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(22), 221110 (2009).
[Crossref]

Qi, P.

R. A. Street, P. Qi, R. Lujan, and W. S. Wong, “Reflectivity of disordered silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 163109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Qian, S.

L. Yu, S. Misra, J. Wang, S. Qian, M. Foldyna, J. Xu, Y. Shi, E. Johnson, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Understanding Light Harvesting in Radial Junction Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells,” Sci Rep 4, 4357 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Razavi, H.

Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J. W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Reichertz, L. A.

Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J. W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Roca i Cabarrocas, P.

S. Misra, L. Yu, W. Chen, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Wetting Layer: The Key Player in Plasma-Assisted Silicon Nanowire Growth Mediated by Tin,” J. Phys. Chem. C 117(34), 17786–17790 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Misra, L. Yu, M. Foldyna, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “High efficiency and stable hydrogenated amorphous silicon radial junction solar cells built on VLS-grown silicon nanowires,” Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 118, 90–95 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, T. Jeon, M. Foldyna, G. Picardi, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Bismuth-Catalyzed and Doped Silicon Nanowires for One-Pump-Down Fabrication of Radial Junction Solar Cells,” Nano Lett. 12(8), 4153–4158 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, G. Patriache, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Stability and evolution of low-surface-tension metal catalyzed growth of silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(12), 123113 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Wang, V. Suendo, A. Abramov, L. Yu, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Strongly enhanced tunable photoluminescence in polymorphous silicon carbon thin films via excitation-transfer mechanism,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(22), 221113 (2010).
[Crossref]

Salem, B.

F. Dhalluin, T. Baron, P. Ferret, B. Salem, P. Gentile, and J. C. Harmand, “Silicon nanowires: Diameter dependence of growth rate and delay in growth,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(13), 133109 (2010).
[Crossref]

Schuller, J. A.

L. Cao, J. S. White, J.-S. Park, J. A. Schuller, B. M. Clemens, and M. L. Brongersma, “Engineering light absorption in semiconductor nanowire devices,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 643–647 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schwarz, U. T.

C. Wiesmann, K. Bergenek, N. Linder, and U. T. Schwarz, “Photonic crystal LEDs – designing light extraction,” Laser Photon. Rev. 3(3), 262–286 (2009).
[Crossref]

Sepaniak, M. J.

S. M. Wells, I. A. Merkulov, I. I. Kravchenko, N. V. Lavrik, and M. J. Sepaniak, “Silicon Nanopillars for Field-Enhanced Surface Spectroscopy,” ACS Nano 6(4), 2948–2959 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shi, Y.

L. Yu, S. Misra, J. Wang, S. Qian, M. Foldyna, J. Xu, Y. Shi, E. Johnson, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Understanding Light Harvesting in Radial Junction Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells,” Sci Rep 4, 4357 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Spanier, J. E.

L. Cao, B. Garipcan, E. M. Gallo, S. S. Nonnenmann, B. Nabet, and J. E. Spanier, “Excitation of Local Field Enhancement on Silicon Nanowires,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 601–605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stelzner, T.

T. Stelzner, M. Pietsch, G. Andrä, F. Falk, E. Ose, and S. Christiansen, “Silicon nanowire-based solar cells,” Nanotechnology 19(29), 295203 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Street, R. A.

R. A. Street, W. S. Wong, and C. Paulson, “Analytic Model for Diffuse Reflectivity of Silicon Nanowire Mats,” Nano Lett. 9(10), 3494–3497 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. A. Street, P. Qi, R. Lujan, and W. S. Wong, “Reflectivity of disordered silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 163109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Suendo, V.

J. Wang, V. Suendo, A. Abramov, L. Yu, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Strongly enhanced tunable photoluminescence in polymorphous silicon carbon thin films via excitation-transfer mechanism,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(22), 221113 (2010).
[Crossref]

Sun, H.

H. Dong, D. Wang, K. Chen, J. Huang, H. Sun, W. Li, J. Xu, and Z. Ma, “Field dependent electroluminescence from amorphous Si/SiNx multilayer structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(16), 161101 (2009).
[Crossref]

Sun, H. C.

Sun, S. H.

Takahashi, T.

Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J. W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tian, B. Z.

B. Z. Tian, X. L. Zheng, T. J. Kempa, Y. Fang, N. F. Yu, G. H. Yu, J. L. Huang, and C. M. Lieber, “Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources,” Nature 449(7164), 885–889 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tiwald, T.

Wang, D.

H. Dong, D. Wang, K. Chen, J. Huang, H. Sun, W. Li, J. Xu, and Z. Ma, “Field dependent electroluminescence from amorphous Si/SiNx multilayer structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(16), 161101 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. Huang, K. Chen, H. Dong, D. Wang, H. Ding, W. Li, J. Xu, Z. Ma, and L. Xu, “Enhanced electroluminescence efficiency of oxidized amorphous silicon nitride light-emitting devices by modulating Si/N ratio,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(11), 111104 (2007).
[Crossref]

Wang, J.

L. Yu, S. Misra, J. Wang, S. Qian, M. Foldyna, J. Xu, Y. Shi, E. Johnson, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Understanding Light Harvesting in Radial Junction Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells,” Sci Rep 4, 4357 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Wang, V. Suendo, A. Abramov, L. Yu, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Strongly enhanced tunable photoluminescence in polymorphous silicon carbon thin films via excitation-transfer mechanism,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(22), 221113 (2010).
[Crossref]

Wang, M.

A. Marconi, A. Anopchenko, M. Wang, G. Pucker, P. Bellutti, and L. Pavesi, “High power efficiency in Si-nc/SiO2 multilayer light emitting devices by bipolar direct tunneling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(22), 221110 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wang, Q.

J. Zhu, Z. Yu, G. F. Burkhard, C.-M. Hsu, S. T. Connor, Y. Xu, Q. Wang, M. McGehee, S. Fan, and Y. Cui, “Optical Absorption Enhancement in Amorphous Silicon Nanowire and Nanocone Arrays,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 279–282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wells, S. M.

S. M. Wells, I. A. Merkulov, I. I. Kravchenko, N. V. Lavrik, and M. J. Sepaniak, “Silicon Nanopillars for Field-Enhanced Surface Spectroscopy,” ACS Nano 6(4), 2948–2959 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

White, J. S.

L. Cao, J. S. White, J.-S. Park, J. A. Schuller, B. M. Clemens, and M. L. Brongersma, “Engineering light absorption in semiconductor nanowire devices,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 643–647 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wiesmann, C.

C. Wiesmann, K. Bergenek, N. Linder, and U. T. Schwarz, “Photonic crystal LEDs – designing light extraction,” Laser Photon. Rev. 3(3), 262–286 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wong, W. S.

R. A. Street, W. S. Wong, and C. Paulson, “Analytic Model for Diffuse Reflectivity of Silicon Nanowire Mats,” Nano Lett. 9(10), 3494–3497 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. A. Street, P. Qi, R. Lujan, and W. S. Wong, “Reflectivity of disordered silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 163109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Wu, M.

Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J. W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xie, Y.-H.

S. S. Iyer and Y.-H. Xie, “Light Emission from Silicon,” Science 260(5104), 40–46 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, J.

L. Yu, S. Misra, J. Wang, S. Qian, M. Foldyna, J. Xu, Y. Shi, E. Johnson, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Understanding Light Harvesting in Radial Junction Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells,” Sci Rep 4, 4357 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Liu, S. H. Sun, J. Xu, L. Zhao, H. C. Sun, J. Li, W. W. Mu, L. Xu, and K. J. Chen, “Broadband antireflection and absorption enhancement by forming nano-patterned Si structures for solar cells,” Opt. Express 19(S5Suppl 5), A1051–A1056 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Dong, D. Wang, K. Chen, J. Huang, H. Sun, W. Li, J. Xu, and Z. Ma, “Field dependent electroluminescence from amorphous Si/SiNx multilayer structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(16), 161101 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. Huang, K. Chen, H. Dong, D. Wang, H. Ding, W. Li, J. Xu, Z. Ma, and L. Xu, “Enhanced electroluminescence efficiency of oxidized amorphous silicon nitride light-emitting devices by modulating Si/N ratio,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(11), 111104 (2007).
[Crossref]

K. Chen, X. Huang, J. Xu, and D. Feng, “Visible photoluminescence in crystallized amorphous Si:H/SiNx:H multiquantum‐well structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 61(17), 2069–2071 (1992).
[Crossref]

Xu, L.

Y. Liu, S. H. Sun, J. Xu, L. Zhao, H. C. Sun, J. Li, W. W. Mu, L. Xu, and K. J. Chen, “Broadband antireflection and absorption enhancement by forming nano-patterned Si structures for solar cells,” Opt. Express 19(S5Suppl 5), A1051–A1056 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Huang, K. Chen, H. Dong, D. Wang, H. Ding, W. Li, J. Xu, Z. Ma, and L. Xu, “Enhanced electroluminescence efficiency of oxidized amorphous silicon nitride light-emitting devices by modulating Si/N ratio,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(11), 111104 (2007).
[Crossref]

Xu, Y.

J. Zhu, Z. Yu, G. F. Burkhard, C.-M. Hsu, S. T. Connor, Y. Xu, Q. Wang, M. McGehee, S. Fan, and Y. Cui, “Optical Absorption Enhancement in Amorphous Silicon Nanowire and Nanocone Arrays,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 279–282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, P.

E. Lai, W. Kim, and P. Yang, “Vertical nanowire array-based light emitting diodes,” Nano Research 1(2), 123–128 (2008).
[Crossref]

Yu, G. H.

B. Z. Tian, X. L. Zheng, T. J. Kempa, Y. Fang, N. F. Yu, G. H. Yu, J. L. Huang, and C. M. Lieber, “Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources,” Nature 449(7164), 885–889 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yu, K.

Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J. W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yu, L.

L. Yu, S. Misra, J. Wang, S. Qian, M. Foldyna, J. Xu, Y. Shi, E. Johnson, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Understanding Light Harvesting in Radial Junction Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells,” Sci Rep 4, 4357 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Misra, L. Yu, M. Foldyna, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “High efficiency and stable hydrogenated amorphous silicon radial junction solar cells built on VLS-grown silicon nanowires,” Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 118, 90–95 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Misra, L. Yu, W. Chen, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Wetting Layer: The Key Player in Plasma-Assisted Silicon Nanowire Growth Mediated by Tin,” J. Phys. Chem. C 117(34), 17786–17790 (2013).
[Crossref]

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, T. Jeon, M. Foldyna, G. Picardi, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Bismuth-Catalyzed and Doped Silicon Nanowires for One-Pump-Down Fabrication of Radial Junction Solar Cells,” Nano Lett. 12(8), 4153–4158 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, G. Patriache, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Stability and evolution of low-surface-tension metal catalyzed growth of silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(12), 123113 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Wang, V. Suendo, A. Abramov, L. Yu, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Strongly enhanced tunable photoluminescence in polymorphous silicon carbon thin films via excitation-transfer mechanism,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(22), 221113 (2010).
[Crossref]

L. Yu, B. O’Donnell, P.-J. Alet, S. Conesa-Boj, F. Peiró, J. Arbiol, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts,” Nanotechnology 20(22), 225604 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yu, P.-J. Alet, G. Picardi, I. Maurin, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Synthesis, morphology and compositional evolution of silicon nanowires directly grown on SnO2 substrates,” Nanotechnology 19(48), 485605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yu, N. F.

B. Z. Tian, X. L. Zheng, T. J. Kempa, Y. Fang, N. F. Yu, G. H. Yu, J. L. Huang, and C. M. Lieber, “Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources,” Nature 449(7164), 885–889 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yu, Z.

J. Zhu, Z. Yu, G. F. Burkhard, C.-M. Hsu, S. T. Connor, Y. Xu, Q. Wang, M. McGehee, S. Fan, and Y. Cui, “Optical Absorption Enhancement in Amorphous Silicon Nanowire and Nanocone Arrays,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 279–282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhao, L.

Zheng, X. L.

B. Z. Tian, X. L. Zheng, T. J. Kempa, Y. Fang, N. F. Yu, G. H. Yu, J. L. Huang, and C. M. Lieber, “Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources,” Nature 449(7164), 885–889 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhu, J.

J. Zhu, Z. Yu, G. F. Burkhard, C.-M. Hsu, S. T. Connor, Y. Xu, Q. Wang, M. McGehee, S. Fan, and Y. Cui, “Optical Absorption Enhancement in Amorphous Silicon Nanowire and Nanocone Arrays,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 279–282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

ACS Nano (1)

S. M. Wells, I. A. Merkulov, I. I. Kravchenko, N. V. Lavrik, and M. J. Sepaniak, “Silicon Nanopillars for Field-Enhanced Surface Spectroscopy,” ACS Nano 6(4), 2948–2959 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt. (2)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (8)

A. Marconi, A. Anopchenko, M. Wang, G. Pucker, P. Bellutti, and L. Pavesi, “High power efficiency in Si-nc/SiO2 multilayer light emitting devices by bipolar direct tunneling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(22), 221110 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. Wang, V. Suendo, A. Abramov, L. Yu, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Strongly enhanced tunable photoluminescence in polymorphous silicon carbon thin films via excitation-transfer mechanism,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(22), 221113 (2010).
[Crossref]

K. Chen, X. Huang, J. Xu, and D. Feng, “Visible photoluminescence in crystallized amorphous Si:H/SiNx:H multiquantum‐well structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 61(17), 2069–2071 (1992).
[Crossref]

R. Huang, K. Chen, H. Dong, D. Wang, H. Ding, W. Li, J. Xu, Z. Ma, and L. Xu, “Enhanced electroluminescence efficiency of oxidized amorphous silicon nitride light-emitting devices by modulating Si/N ratio,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(11), 111104 (2007).
[Crossref]

F. Dhalluin, T. Baron, P. Ferret, B. Salem, P. Gentile, and J. C. Harmand, “Silicon nanowires: Diameter dependence of growth rate and delay in growth,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(13), 133109 (2010).
[Crossref]

H. Dong, D. Wang, K. Chen, J. Huang, H. Sun, W. Li, J. Xu, and Z. Ma, “Field dependent electroluminescence from amorphous Si/SiNx multilayer structure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(16), 161101 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, G. Patriache, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Stability and evolution of low-surface-tension metal catalyzed growth of silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(12), 123113 (2011).
[Crossref]

R. A. Street, P. Qi, R. Lujan, and W. S. Wong, “Reflectivity of disordered silicon nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 163109 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Phys. Chem. C (1)

S. Misra, L. Yu, W. Chen, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Wetting Layer: The Key Player in Plasma-Assisted Silicon Nanowire Growth Mediated by Tin,” J. Phys. Chem. C 117(34), 17786–17790 (2013).
[Crossref]

Laser Photon. Rev. (1)

C. Wiesmann, K. Bergenek, N. Linder, and U. T. Schwarz, “Photonic crystal LEDs – designing light extraction,” Laser Photon. Rev. 3(3), 262–286 (2009).
[Crossref]

Nano Lett. (4)

L. Yu, F. Fortuna, B. O’Donnell, T. Jeon, M. Foldyna, G. Picardi, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “Bismuth-Catalyzed and Doped Silicon Nanowires for One-Pump-Down Fabrication of Radial Junction Solar Cells,” Nano Lett. 12(8), 4153–4158 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhu, Z. Yu, G. F. Burkhard, C.-M. Hsu, S. T. Connor, Y. Xu, Q. Wang, M. McGehee, S. Fan, and Y. Cui, “Optical Absorption Enhancement in Amorphous Silicon Nanowire and Nanocone Arrays,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 279–282 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Cao, B. Garipcan, E. M. Gallo, S. S. Nonnenmann, B. Nabet, and J. E. Spanier, “Excitation of Local Field Enhancement on Silicon Nanowires,” Nano Lett. 8(2), 601–605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. A. Street, W. S. Wong, and C. Paulson, “Analytic Model for Diffuse Reflectivity of Silicon Nanowire Mats,” Nano Lett. 9(10), 3494–3497 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nano Research (1)

E. Lai, W. Kim, and P. Yang, “Vertical nanowire array-based light emitting diodes,” Nano Research 1(2), 123–128 (2008).
[Crossref]

Nanotechnology (3)

L. Yu, B. O’Donnell, P.-J. Alet, S. Conesa-Boj, F. Peiró, J. Arbiol, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Plasma-enhanced low temperature growth of silicon nanowires and hierarchical structures by using tin and indium catalysts,” Nanotechnology 20(22), 225604 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yu, P.-J. Alet, G. Picardi, I. Maurin, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Synthesis, morphology and compositional evolution of silicon nanowires directly grown on SnO2 substrates,” Nanotechnology 19(48), 485605 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Stelzner, M. Pietsch, G. Andrä, F. Falk, E. Ose, and S. Christiansen, “Silicon nanowire-based solar cells,” Nanotechnology 19(29), 295203 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Mater. (2)

Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J. W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Cao, J. S. White, J.-S. Park, J. A. Schuller, B. M. Clemens, and M. L. Brongersma, “Engineering light absorption in semiconductor nanowire devices,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 643–647 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Nanotechnol. (1)

Y.-F. Huang, S. Chattopadhyay, Y.-J. Jen, C.-Y. Peng, T.-A. Liu, Y.-K. Hsu, C.-L. Pan, H.-C. Lo, C.-H. Hsu, Y.-H. Chang, C.-S. Lee, K.-H. Chen, and L.-C. Chen, “Improved broadband and quasi-omnidirectional anti-reflection properties with biomimetic silicon nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(12), 770–774 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nature (1)

B. Z. Tian, X. L. Zheng, T. J. Kempa, Y. Fang, N. F. Yu, G. H. Yu, J. L. Huang, and C. M. Lieber, “Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources,” Nature 449(7164), 885–889 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (1)

Phys. Rev. B (1)

H. Kallel, A. Arbouet, M. Carrada, G. Ben Assayag, A. Chehaidar, P. Periwal, T. Baron, P. Normand, and V. Paillard, “Photoluminescence enhancement of silicon nanocrystals placed in the near field of a silicon nanowire,” Phys. Rev. B 88(8), 081302 (2013).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

M. Munsch, N. S. Malik, E. Dupuy, A. Delga, J. Bleuse, J.-M. Gérard, J. Claudon, N. Gregersen, and J. Mørk, “Dielectric GaAs Antenna Ensuring an Efficient Broadband Coupling between an InAs Quantum Dot and a Gaussian Optical Beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(17), 177402 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sci Rep (1)

L. Yu, S. Misra, J. Wang, S. Qian, M. Foldyna, J. Xu, Y. Shi, E. Johnson, and P. R. Cabarrocas, “Understanding Light Harvesting in Radial Junction Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells,” Sci Rep 4, 4357 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Science (1)

S. S. Iyer and Y.-H. Xie, “Light Emission from Silicon,” Science 260(5104), 40–46 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C (1)

S. Misra, L. Yu, M. Foldyna, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas, “High efficiency and stable hydrogenated amorphous silicon radial junction solar cells built on VLS-grown silicon nanowires,” Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 118, 90–95 (2013).
[Crossref]

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L. Pavesi, S. Ossicini, and F. Priolo, Light Emitting Silicon for Microphotonics (Springer, 2003).

L. Pavesi and G. Guillot, Optical Interconnects: The Silicon Route (Springer, 2006).

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) SEM image of VLS-grown silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and (b) the SiNxOy/SiNWs core-shell structure after PECVD deposition for 20 min, while (c) shows the SEM image of SiO2 nanowires (SoNWs) by oxidizing SiNWs, and (d) the SiNxOy/SoNW structure; (e) presents a SEM cross section view of the SiNxOy/SiNWs forest with a dashed-white line contouring such a single unit, which has an inner core-shell structure as schematically illustrated in (f).

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a)-(c) the photoluminescence (PL) spectra measured on SiNxOy thin films coated upon SiNWs (black), SoNWs (red) and flat (green) structures for various deposition times of 10 min, 20 min and 30 min, respectively; (d) PL enhancement factors as a function of SiNxOy coating layer thickness for the two NW core cases.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Reflectance characterizations of SiNxOy on flat Si wafer (black), SiNxOy/SiNWs (red) and SiNxOy/SoNWs (blue) structures; (b) shows the simulated absorption power realized within the SiNxOy active medium when deposited upon flat Si wafer (black), SiNWs (red) and SoNWs (green).

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a) or (b) shows the profiles of the norm of |Ey| component (on y-z plane cutting through the center origin) around a bare SiNW or SoNW core, and those after coating with 10 min and 20 min-deposited SiNxOy thin films upon the NW cores.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) the calculated light-extraction power percentage (integrals of the detected out-flow power on the top plane), when placing a dipole point light source [emitting at λ = 480 nm and marked as green stars in (b)] within the SiNxOy matrix with various distance away from a SiNW or a SoNW core, ranging from 5 nm to 45 nm, while (b) shows off the corresponding light field strength distributions for the cases of SiNW or SoNW cores in a log-scale plot.

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Equations (2)

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I excitatioin ~ I absorption =c﹒ I incident 4πk(λ)/λ,
J SNO = ∫ Si N x O y I absorption dV.

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