Abstract

We propose polarization-independent and dual-broadband metamaterial absorbers at microwave frequencies. This is a periodic meta-atom array consisting of metal-dielectric-multilayer truncated cones. We demonstrate not only one broadband absorption from the fundamental magnetic resonances but additional broadband absorption in high-frequency range using the third-harmonic resonance, by both simulation and experiment. In simulation, the absorption was over 90% in 3.93–6.05 GHz, and 11.64–14.55 GHz. The corresponding experimental absorption bands over 90% were 3.88–6.08 GHz, 9.95–10.46 GHz and 11.86–13.84 GHz, respectively. The origin of absorption bands was elucidated. Furthermore, it is independent of polarization angle owing to the multilayered circular structures. The design is scalable to smaller size for the infrared and the visible ranges.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, “Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4184–4187 (2000).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. V. M. Shalaev, W. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, H.-K. Yuan, A. K. Sarychev, V. P. Drachev, and A. V. Kildishev, “Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials,” Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  3. J. B. Pendry, “Perfect cylindrical lenses,” Opt. Express 11(7), 755–760 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. S. Y. Chiam, R. J. Singh, W. L. Zhang, and A. A. Bettiol, “Controlling metamaterial resonances via dielectric and aspect ratio effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(19), 191906 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  5. L. W. Li, Y. N. Li, T. S. Yeo, J. R. Mosig, and O. J. F. Martin, “A broadband and high-gain metamaterial microstrip antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(16), 164101 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  6. R. J. Singh, E. Plum, W. L. Zhang, and N. I. Zheludev, “Highly tunable optical activity in planar achiral terahertz metamaterials,” Opt. Express 18(13), 13425–13430 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, “Perfect metamaterial absorber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207402 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. Y. Wang, T. Sun, T. Paudel, Y. Zhang, Z. Ren, and K. Kempa, “Metamaterial-plasmonic absorber structure for high efficiency amorphous silicon solar cells,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 440–445 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  9. N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, “Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor,” Nano Lett. 10(7), 2342–2348 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. L. Cong and R. Singh, “Sensing with THz metamaterial absorbers,” preprintarXiv:1408.3711 (2014).
  11. T. Maier and H. Brck, “Wavelength-tunable microbolometers with metamaterial absorbers,” Opt. Lett. 34(19), 3012–3014 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. B. Wang, K. H. Teo, T. Nishino, W. Yerazunis, J. Barnwell, and J. Zhang, “Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(16), 254101 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  13. J. Grant, Y. Ma, S. Saha, L. B. Lok, A. Khalid, and D. R. S. Cumming, “Polarization insensitive terahertz meta-material absorber,” Opt. Lett. 36(8) 1524–1526 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  14. J. W. Park, P. V. Tuong, J. Y. Rhee, K. W. Kim, W. H. Jang, E. H. Choi, L. Y. Chen, and Y. P. Lee, “Multi-band metamaterial absorber based on the arrangement of donut-type resonators,” Opt. Express 21(8), 9691–9702 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. F. Ding, Y. Cui, X. Ge, Y. Jin, and S. He, “Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 103506 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  16. Y. J. Yoo, Y. J. Kim, P. V. Tuong, J. Y. Rhee, K. W. Kim, W. H. Jang, Y. H. Kim, H. Cheong, and Y. P. Lee, “Polarization-independent dual-band perfect absorber utilizing multiple magnetic resonances,” Opt. Express 21(26), 32484–32490 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  17. D. R. Chowdhury, R. Singh, M. Reiten, H.-T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, J. F. OHara, and A. K. Azad, “A broadband planar terahertz metamaterial with nested structure,” Opt. Express 19(17), 15817–15823 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (2)

2012 (2)

Y. Wang, T. Sun, T. Paudel, Y. Zhang, Z. Ren, and K. Kempa, “Metamaterial-plasmonic absorber structure for high efficiency amorphous silicon solar cells,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 440–445 (2012).
[Crossref]

F. Ding, Y. Cui, X. Ge, Y. Jin, and S. He, “Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 103506 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

B. Wang, K. H. Teo, T. Nishino, W. Yerazunis, J. Barnwell, and J. Zhang, “Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(16), 254101 (2011).
[Crossref]

D. R. Chowdhury, R. Singh, M. Reiten, H.-T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, J. F. OHara, and A. K. Azad, “A broadband planar terahertz metamaterial with nested structure,” Opt. Express 19(17), 15817–15823 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (5)

R. J. Singh, E. Plum, W. L. Zhang, and N. I. Zheludev, “Highly tunable optical activity in planar achiral terahertz metamaterials,” Opt. Express 18(13), 13425–13430 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Grant, Y. Ma, S. Saha, L. B. Lok, A. Khalid, and D. R. S. Cumming, “Polarization insensitive terahertz meta-material absorber,” Opt. Lett. 36(8) 1524–1526 (2010).
[Crossref]

N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, “Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor,” Nano Lett. 10(7), 2342–2348 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Y. Chiam, R. J. Singh, W. L. Zhang, and A. A. Bettiol, “Controlling metamaterial resonances via dielectric and aspect ratio effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(19), 191906 (2010).
[Crossref]

L. W. Li, Y. N. Li, T. S. Yeo, J. R. Mosig, and O. J. F. Martin, “A broadband and high-gain metamaterial microstrip antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(16), 164101 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (1)

2008 (1)

N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, “Perfect metamaterial absorber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207402 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2005 (1)

2003 (1)

2000 (1)

D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, “Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4184–4187 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Azad, A. K.

Barnwell, J.

B. Wang, K. H. Teo, T. Nishino, W. Yerazunis, J. Barnwell, and J. Zhang, “Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(16), 254101 (2011).
[Crossref]

Bettiol, A. A.

S. Y. Chiam, R. J. Singh, W. L. Zhang, and A. A. Bettiol, “Controlling metamaterial resonances via dielectric and aspect ratio effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(19), 191906 (2010).
[Crossref]

Brck, H.

Cai, W.

Chen, H.-T.

Chen, L. Y.

Cheong, H.

Chettiar, U. K.

Chiam, S. Y.

S. Y. Chiam, R. J. Singh, W. L. Zhang, and A. A. Bettiol, “Controlling metamaterial resonances via dielectric and aspect ratio effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(19), 191906 (2010).
[Crossref]

Choi, E. H.

Chowdhury, D. R.

Cong, L.

L. Cong and R. Singh, “Sensing with THz metamaterial absorbers,” preprintarXiv:1408.3711 (2014).

Cui, Y.

F. Ding, Y. Cui, X. Ge, Y. Jin, and S. He, “Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 103506 (2012).
[Crossref]

Cumming, D. R. S.

Ding, F.

F. Ding, Y. Cui, X. Ge, Y. Jin, and S. He, “Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 103506 (2012).
[Crossref]

Drachev, V. P.

Ge, X.

F. Ding, Y. Cui, X. Ge, Y. Jin, and S. He, “Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 103506 (2012).
[Crossref]

Giessen, H.

N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, “Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor,” Nano Lett. 10(7), 2342–2348 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Grant, J.

He, S.

F. Ding, Y. Cui, X. Ge, Y. Jin, and S. He, “Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 103506 (2012).
[Crossref]

Hentschel, M.

N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, “Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor,” Nano Lett. 10(7), 2342–2348 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jang, W. H.

Jin, Y.

F. Ding, Y. Cui, X. Ge, Y. Jin, and S. He, “Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 103506 (2012).
[Crossref]

Kempa, K.

Y. Wang, T. Sun, T. Paudel, Y. Zhang, Z. Ren, and K. Kempa, “Metamaterial-plasmonic absorber structure for high efficiency amorphous silicon solar cells,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 440–445 (2012).
[Crossref]

Khalid, A.

Kildishev, A. V.

Kim, K. W.

Kim, Y. H.

Kim, Y. J.

Landy, N. I.

N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, “Perfect metamaterial absorber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207402 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, Y. P.

Li, L. W.

L. W. Li, Y. N. Li, T. S. Yeo, J. R. Mosig, and O. J. F. Martin, “A broadband and high-gain metamaterial microstrip antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(16), 164101 (2010).
[Crossref]

Li, Y. N.

L. W. Li, Y. N. Li, T. S. Yeo, J. R. Mosig, and O. J. F. Martin, “A broadband and high-gain metamaterial microstrip antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(16), 164101 (2010).
[Crossref]

Liu, N.

N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, “Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor,” Nano Lett. 10(7), 2342–2348 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lok, L. B.

Ma, Y.

Maier, T.

Martin, O. J. F.

L. W. Li, Y. N. Li, T. S. Yeo, J. R. Mosig, and O. J. F. Martin, “A broadband and high-gain metamaterial microstrip antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(16), 164101 (2010).
[Crossref]

Mesch, M.

N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, “Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor,” Nano Lett. 10(7), 2342–2348 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mock, J. J.

N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, “Perfect metamaterial absorber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207402 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mosig, J. R.

L. W. Li, Y. N. Li, T. S. Yeo, J. R. Mosig, and O. J. F. Martin, “A broadband and high-gain metamaterial microstrip antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(16), 164101 (2010).
[Crossref]

Nemat-Nasser, S. C.

D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, “Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4184–4187 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nishino, T.

B. Wang, K. H. Teo, T. Nishino, W. Yerazunis, J. Barnwell, and J. Zhang, “Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(16), 254101 (2011).
[Crossref]

OHara, J. F.

Padilla, W. J.

N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, “Perfect metamaterial absorber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207402 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, “Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4184–4187 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Park, J. W.

Paudel, T.

Y. Wang, T. Sun, T. Paudel, Y. Zhang, Z. Ren, and K. Kempa, “Metamaterial-plasmonic absorber structure for high efficiency amorphous silicon solar cells,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 440–445 (2012).
[Crossref]

Pendry, J. B.

Plum, E.

Reiten, M.

Ren, Z.

Y. Wang, T. Sun, T. Paudel, Y. Zhang, Z. Ren, and K. Kempa, “Metamaterial-plasmonic absorber structure for high efficiency amorphous silicon solar cells,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 440–445 (2012).
[Crossref]

Rhee, J. Y.

Saha, S.

Sajuyigbe, S.

N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, “Perfect metamaterial absorber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207402 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sarychev, A. K.

Schultz, S.

D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, “Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4184–4187 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shalaev, V. M.

Singh, R.

Singh, R. J.

S. Y. Chiam, R. J. Singh, W. L. Zhang, and A. A. Bettiol, “Controlling metamaterial resonances via dielectric and aspect ratio effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(19), 191906 (2010).
[Crossref]

R. J. Singh, E. Plum, W. L. Zhang, and N. I. Zheludev, “Highly tunable optical activity in planar achiral terahertz metamaterials,” Opt. Express 18(13), 13425–13430 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Smith, D. R.

N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, “Perfect metamaterial absorber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207402 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, “Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4184–4187 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sun, T.

Y. Wang, T. Sun, T. Paudel, Y. Zhang, Z. Ren, and K. Kempa, “Metamaterial-plasmonic absorber structure for high efficiency amorphous silicon solar cells,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 440–445 (2012).
[Crossref]

Taylor, A. J.

Teo, K. H.

B. Wang, K. H. Teo, T. Nishino, W. Yerazunis, J. Barnwell, and J. Zhang, “Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(16), 254101 (2011).
[Crossref]

Tuong, P. V.

Vier, D. C.

D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, “Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4184–4187 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, B.

B. Wang, K. H. Teo, T. Nishino, W. Yerazunis, J. Barnwell, and J. Zhang, “Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(16), 254101 (2011).
[Crossref]

Wang, Y.

Y. Wang, T. Sun, T. Paudel, Y. Zhang, Z. Ren, and K. Kempa, “Metamaterial-plasmonic absorber structure for high efficiency amorphous silicon solar cells,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 440–445 (2012).
[Crossref]

Weiss, T.

N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, “Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor,” Nano Lett. 10(7), 2342–2348 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yeo, T. S.

L. W. Li, Y. N. Li, T. S. Yeo, J. R. Mosig, and O. J. F. Martin, “A broadband and high-gain metamaterial microstrip antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(16), 164101 (2010).
[Crossref]

Yerazunis, W.

B. Wang, K. H. Teo, T. Nishino, W. Yerazunis, J. Barnwell, and J. Zhang, “Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(16), 254101 (2011).
[Crossref]

Yoo, Y. J.

Yuan, H.-K.

Zhang, J.

B. Wang, K. H. Teo, T. Nishino, W. Yerazunis, J. Barnwell, and J. Zhang, “Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(16), 254101 (2011).
[Crossref]

Zhang, W. L.

S. Y. Chiam, R. J. Singh, W. L. Zhang, and A. A. Bettiol, “Controlling metamaterial resonances via dielectric and aspect ratio effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(19), 191906 (2010).
[Crossref]

R. J. Singh, E. Plum, W. L. Zhang, and N. I. Zheludev, “Highly tunable optical activity in planar achiral terahertz metamaterials,” Opt. Express 18(13), 13425–13430 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, Y.

Y. Wang, T. Sun, T. Paudel, Y. Zhang, Z. Ren, and K. Kempa, “Metamaterial-plasmonic absorber structure for high efficiency amorphous silicon solar cells,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 440–445 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zheludev, N. I.

Appl. Phys. Lett. (4)

S. Y. Chiam, R. J. Singh, W. L. Zhang, and A. A. Bettiol, “Controlling metamaterial resonances via dielectric and aspect ratio effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(19), 191906 (2010).
[Crossref]

L. W. Li, Y. N. Li, T. S. Yeo, J. R. Mosig, and O. J. F. Martin, “A broadband and high-gain metamaterial microstrip antenna,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(16), 164101 (2010).
[Crossref]

B. Wang, K. H. Teo, T. Nishino, W. Yerazunis, J. Barnwell, and J. Zhang, “Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(16), 254101 (2011).
[Crossref]

F. Ding, Y. Cui, X. Ge, Y. Jin, and S. He, “Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 103506 (2012).
[Crossref]

Nano Lett. (2)

Y. Wang, T. Sun, T. Paudel, Y. Zhang, Z. Ren, and K. Kempa, “Metamaterial-plasmonic absorber structure for high efficiency amorphous silicon solar cells,” Nano Lett. 12(1), 440–445 (2012).
[Crossref]

N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, “Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor,” Nano Lett. 10(7), 2342–2348 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (5)

Opt. Lett. (3)

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, “Perfect metamaterial absorber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207402 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, “Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4184–4187 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (1)

L. Cong and R. Singh, “Sensing with THz metamaterial absorbers,” preprintarXiv:1408.3711 (2014).

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Figures (7)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) Perspective view and (b) side view side of the designed meta-atom. D1 and D2 are the top and the bottom diameters of circular structures. t1 and h are the thickness of FR-4 and the height of truncated cone structure. (c) Photos of the fabricated sample.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Simulated absorption spectrum of the truncated cone-structure absorber.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Simulated electric and magnetic field distributions at the central cross section of unit cell at 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0 GHz. Left and center columns are for the electric and the magnetic fields, and right one show the induced surface current.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Simulated surface current in the unit cell at specific frequencies: (a) 12.0, (b) 13.0, and (c) 14.0 GHz. (d) Heights of active layers from the top of FR-4 substrate in the truncated cone (denoted as position) according to frequency.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Simulated and measured absorption spectra in (a) 3.5–6.5GHz and (b) 9.0–14.5GHz.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 (a), (c) Simulated and (b), (d) measured absorption spectra in 3.5–6.5 and 9.0–14.5 GHz.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 (a) Perspective view and (b)side view of the designed meta-atom for the infrared and the visible. D1 and D2 are the top and the bottom diameters of circular structures. h is the height of truncated cone structure. (c) Simulated absorption spectrum of the truncated cone-structure absorber in 100–650 THz.

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