Abstract

We investigate theoretically the optical bistability from a Fabry-Perot cavity with graphene in the terahertz (THz) frequency. It is demonstrated that the optical bistablility in this cavity can be realized due to the electric field enhancement and the giant third-order nonlinear conductivity of graphene. The optical bistable behavior is strongly dependent on the transmission amplitude of the mirror and the position of the graphene in the cavity. It is especially important that the hysterical behaviors of the transmitted light rely on the optical conductivity of graphene, making the Fabry-Perot cavity to be a good candidate for dynamic tunable optical bistable device in the THz frequencies, owing to the possibility of high tunability of graphene conductivity by means of external electrostatic or magnetostatic field.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

Full Article  |  PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Tunable optical bistability of dielectric/nonlinear graphene/dielectric heterostructures

Xiaoyu Dai, Leyong Jiang, and Yuanjiang Xiang
Opt. Express 23(5) 6497-6508 (2015)

Long-range surface plasmon-induced tunable ultralow threshold optical bistability using graphene sheets at terahertz frequency

Aparupa Kar, Nabamita Goswami, and Ardhendu Saha
Appl. Opt. 56(8) 2321-2329 (2017)

Graphene Tamm plasmon-induced low-threshold optical bistability at terahertz frequencies

Leyong Jiang, Jiao Tang, Jiao Xu, Zhiwei Zheng, Jun Dong, Jun Guo, Shengyou Qian, Xiaoyu Dai, and Yuanjiang Xiang
Opt. Mater. Express 9(1) 139-150 (2019)

More Recommended Articles

References

  • View by:
  • Article Order
  • |
  • Year
  • |
  • Author
  • |
  • Publication
  1. H. M. Gibbs, Optical Bistability: Controlling Light with Light (Academic, 1985).
  2. D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. H. Tsuda and T. Kurokawa, “Construction of an all-optical flip-flop by combination of two optical triodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 57(17), 1724–1726 (1990).
    [Crossref]
  4. H. Nihei and A. Okamoto, “Switching time of optical memory devices composed of photonic crystals with an impurity three-level atom,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(1), 6835–6840 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  5. M. D. Tocci, M. J. Bloemer, M. Scalora, J. P. Dowling, and C. M. Bowden, “Thin-film nonlinear optical diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(18), 2324–2326 (1995).
    [Crossref]
  6. G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
    [Crossref]
  7. M. Soljačić, M. Ibanescu, S. G. Johnson, Y. Fink, and J. D. Joannopoulos, “Optimal bistable switching in nonlinear photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 66(5), 055601 (2002).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. P. Y. Chen, M. Farhat, and A. Alù, “Bistable and self-tunable negative-index metamaterial at optical frequencies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(10), 105503 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. S. Tang, B. Zhu, S. Xiao, J. T. Shen, and L. Zhou, “Low-threshold optical bistabilities in ultrathin nonlinear metamaterials,” Opt. Lett. 39(11), 3212–3215 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. M. F. Yanik, S. H. Fan, and M. Soljacic, “High-contrast all-optical bistable switching in photonic crystal microcavities,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(14), 2739–2741 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  11. F. Y. Wang, G. X. Li, H. L. Tam, K. W. Cheah, and S. N. Zhu, “Optical bistability and multistability in onedimensional periodic metal-dielectric photonic crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211109 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  12. W. Harshawardhan and G. S. Agarwal, “Controlling optical bistability using electromagnetic-field-induced transparency and quantum interferences,” Phys. Rev. A 53(3), 1812–1817 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. A. Joshi, A. Brown, H. Wang, and M. Xiao, “Controlling optical bistability in a three-level atomic system,” Phys. Rev. A 67(4), 041801 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  14. M. W. Feise, I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Tunable transmission and bistability in left-handed band-gap structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(9), 1451–1453 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  15. A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater. 6(3), 183–191 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 109–162 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  17. K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics 4(9), 611–622 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  19. R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. A. K. Geim, “Graphene: status and prospects,” Science 324(5934), 1530–1534 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  22. Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  23. F. Liu and E. Cubukcu, “Tunable omnidirectional strong light-matter interactions mediated by graphene surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B 88(11), 115439 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  24. F. Xia, T. Mueller, Y. M. Lin, A. Valdes-Garcia, and P. Avouris, “Ultrafast graphene photodetector,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 839–843 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  25. Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  26. E. Simsek, “Improving tuning range and sensitivity of localized SPR sensors with graphene,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(9), 867–870 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  27. A. Fallahi and J. Perruisseau-Carrier, “Design of tunable biperiodic graphene metasurfaces,” Phys. Rev. B 86(19), 195408 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  28. H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  29. E. Hendry, P. J. Hale, J. Moger, A. K. Savchenko, and S. A. Mikhailov, “Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 097401 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  30. X. Dai, L. Jiang, and Y. Xiang, “Low threshold optical bistability at terahertz frequencies with graphene surface plasmons,” Sci. Rep. 5, 12271 (2015).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  31. N. M. R. Peres, Y. V. Bludov, J. E. Santos, A. Jauho, and M. I. Vasilevskiy, “Optical bistability of graphene in the terahertz range,” Phys. Rev. B 90(12), 125425 (2014).
    [Crossref]
  32. A. Ferreira, N. Peres, R. Ribeiro, and T. Stauber, “Graphene-based photodetector with two cavities,” Phys. Rev. B 85(11), 115438 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  33. Y. Xiang, X. Dai, J. Guo, S. Wen, and D. Tang, “Tunable optical bistability at the graphene-covered nonlinear interface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(5), 051108 (2014).
    [Crossref]
  34. S. A. Mikhailov and K. Ziegler, “Nonlinear electromagnetic response of graphene: frequency multiplication and the self-consistent-field effects,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(38), 384204 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  35. T. Zhan, X. Shi, Y. Dai, X. Liu, and J. Zi, “Transfer matrix method for optics in graphene layers,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25(21), 215301 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2015 (1)

X. Dai, L. Jiang, and Y. Xiang, “Low threshold optical bistability at terahertz frequencies with graphene surface plasmons,” Sci. Rep. 5, 12271 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2014 (3)

N. M. R. Peres, Y. V. Bludov, J. E. Santos, A. Jauho, and M. I. Vasilevskiy, “Optical bistability of graphene in the terahertz range,” Phys. Rev. B 90(12), 125425 (2014).
[Crossref]

Y. Xiang, X. Dai, J. Guo, S. Wen, and D. Tang, “Tunable optical bistability at the graphene-covered nonlinear interface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(5), 051108 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Tang, B. Zhu, S. Xiao, J. T. Shen, and L. Zhou, “Low-threshold optical bistabilities in ultrathin nonlinear metamaterials,” Opt. Lett. 39(11), 3212–3215 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (3)

T. Zhan, X. Shi, Y. Dai, X. Liu, and J. Zi, “Transfer matrix method for optics in graphene layers,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25(21), 215301 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Liu and E. Cubukcu, “Tunable omnidirectional strong light-matter interactions mediated by graphene surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B 88(11), 115439 (2013).
[Crossref]

E. Simsek, “Improving tuning range and sensitivity of localized SPR sensors with graphene,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(9), 867–870 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (4)

A. Fallahi and J. Perruisseau-Carrier, “Design of tunable biperiodic graphene metasurfaces,” Phys. Rev. B 86(19), 195408 (2012).
[Crossref]

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Ferreira, N. Peres, R. Ribeiro, and T. Stauber, “Graphene-based photodetector with two cavities,” Phys. Rev. B 85(11), 115438 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (3)

P. Y. Chen, M. Farhat, and A. Alù, “Bistable and self-tunable negative-index metamaterial at optical frequencies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(10), 105503 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (2)

E. Hendry, P. J. Hale, J. Moger, A. K. Savchenko, and S. A. Mikhailov, “Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 097401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics 4(9), 611–622 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (3)

A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 109–162 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. K. Geim, “Graphene: status and prospects,” Science 324(5934), 1530–1534 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Xia, T. Mueller, Y. M. Lin, A. Valdes-Garcia, and P. Avouris, “Ultrafast graphene photodetector,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 839–843 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (4)

Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. A. Mikhailov and K. Ziegler, “Nonlinear electromagnetic response of graphene: frequency multiplication and the self-consistent-field effects,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(38), 384204 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Y. Wang, G. X. Li, H. L. Tam, K. W. Cheah, and S. N. Zhu, “Optical bistability and multistability in onedimensional periodic metal-dielectric photonic crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211109 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater. 6(3), 183–191 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (1)

M. W. Feise, I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Tunable transmission and bistability in left-handed band-gap structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(9), 1451–1453 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (3)

M. F. Yanik, S. H. Fan, and M. Soljacic, “High-contrast all-optical bistable switching in photonic crystal microcavities,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(14), 2739–2741 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. Joshi, A. Brown, H. Wang, and M. Xiao, “Controlling optical bistability in a three-level atomic system,” Phys. Rev. A 67(4), 041801 (2003).
[Crossref]

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (1)

M. Soljačić, M. Ibanescu, S. G. Johnson, Y. Fink, and J. D. Joannopoulos, “Optimal bistable switching in nonlinear photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 66(5), 055601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (1)

H. Nihei and A. Okamoto, “Switching time of optical memory devices composed of photonic crystals with an impurity three-level atom,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(1), 6835–6840 (2001).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

W. Harshawardhan and G. S. Agarwal, “Controlling optical bistability using electromagnetic-field-induced transparency and quantum interferences,” Phys. Rev. A 53(3), 1812–1817 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1995 (1)

M. D. Tocci, M. J. Bloemer, M. Scalora, J. P. Dowling, and C. M. Bowden, “Thin-film nonlinear optical diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(18), 2324–2326 (1995).
[Crossref]

1990 (1)

H. Tsuda and T. Kurokawa, “Construction of an all-optical flip-flop by combination of two optical triodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 57(17), 1724–1726 (1990).
[Crossref]

1988 (1)

G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
[Crossref]

Agarwal, G. S.

W. Harshawardhan and G. S. Agarwal, “Controlling optical bistability using electromagnetic-field-induced transparency and quantum interferences,” Phys. Rev. A 53(3), 1812–1817 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Akimov, A. V.

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Alù, A.

P. Y. Chen, M. Farhat, and A. Alù, “Bistable and self-tunable negative-index metamaterial at optical frequencies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(10), 105503 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Assanto, G.

G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
[Crossref]

Avouris, P.

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Xia, T. Mueller, Y. M. Lin, A. Valdes-Garcia, and P. Avouris, “Ultrafast graphene photodetector,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 839–843 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bao, Q.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
[Crossref]

Basov, D. N.

Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
[Crossref]

Blake, P.

R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bloemer, M. J.

M. D. Tocci, M. J. Bloemer, M. Scalora, J. P. Dowling, and C. M. Bowden, “Thin-film nonlinear optical diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(18), 2324–2326 (1995).
[Crossref]

Bludov, Y. V.

N. M. R. Peres, Y. V. Bludov, J. E. Santos, A. Jauho, and M. I. Vasilevskiy, “Optical bistability of graphene in the terahertz range,” Phys. Rev. B 90(12), 125425 (2014).
[Crossref]

Bonaccorso, F.

F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics 4(9), 611–622 (2010).
[Crossref]

Booth, T. J.

R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bowden, C. M.

M. D. Tocci, M. J. Bloemer, M. Scalora, J. P. Dowling, and C. M. Bowden, “Thin-film nonlinear optical diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(18), 2324–2326 (1995).
[Crossref]

Brown, A.

A. Joshi, A. Brown, H. Wang, and M. Xiao, “Controlling optical bistability in a three-level atomic system,” Phys. Rev. A 67(4), 041801 (2003).
[Crossref]

Castro Neto, A. H.

A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 109–162 (2009).
[Crossref]

Chandra, B.

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cheah, K. W.

F. Y. Wang, G. X. Li, H. L. Tam, K. W. Cheah, and S. N. Zhu, “Optical bistability and multistability in onedimensional periodic metal-dielectric photonic crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Chen, P. Y.

P. Y. Chen, M. Farhat, and A. Alù, “Bistable and self-tunable negative-index metamaterial at optical frequencies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(10), 105503 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Colombo, L.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cubukcu, E.

F. Liu and E. Cubukcu, “Tunable omnidirectional strong light-matter interactions mediated by graphene surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B 88(11), 115439 (2013).
[Crossref]

Dai, X.

X. Dai, L. Jiang, and Y. Xiang, “Low threshold optical bistability at terahertz frequencies with graphene surface plasmons,” Sci. Rep. 5, 12271 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Xiang, X. Dai, J. Guo, S. Wen, and D. Tang, “Tunable optical bistability at the graphene-covered nonlinear interface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(5), 051108 (2014).
[Crossref]

Dai, Y.

T. Zhan, X. Shi, Y. Dai, X. Liu, and J. Zi, “Transfer matrix method for optics in graphene layers,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25(21), 215301 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dijkhuis, J. I.

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dowling, J. P.

M. D. Tocci, M. J. Bloemer, M. Scalora, J. P. Dowling, and C. M. Bowden, “Thin-film nonlinear optical diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(18), 2324–2326 (1995).
[Crossref]

Fal’ko, V. I.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fallahi, A.

A. Fallahi and J. Perruisseau-Carrier, “Design of tunable biperiodic graphene metasurfaces,” Phys. Rev. B 86(19), 195408 (2012).
[Crossref]

Fan, S. H.

M. F. Yanik, S. H. Fan, and M. Soljacic, “High-contrast all-optical bistable switching in photonic crystal microcavities,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(14), 2739–2741 (2003).
[Crossref]

Farhat, M.

P. Y. Chen, M. Farhat, and A. Alù, “Bistable and self-tunable negative-index metamaterial at optical frequencies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(10), 105503 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Feise, M. W.

M. W. Feise, I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Tunable transmission and bistability in left-handed band-gap structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(9), 1451–1453 (2004).
[Crossref]

Ferrari, A. C.

F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics 4(9), 611–622 (2010).
[Crossref]

Ferreira, A.

A. Ferreira, N. Peres, R. Ribeiro, and T. Stauber, “Graphene-based photodetector with two cavities,” Phys. Rev. B 85(11), 115438 (2012).
[Crossref]

Fink, Y.

M. Soljačić, M. Ibanescu, S. G. Johnson, Y. Fink, and J. D. Joannopoulos, “Optimal bistable switching in nonlinear photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 66(5), 055601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Freitag, M.

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Garmire, E.

G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
[Crossref]

Geim, A. K.

A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 109–162 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. K. Geim, “Graphene: status and prospects,” Science 324(5934), 1530–1534 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater. 6(3), 183–191 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gellert, P. R.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Geng, B.

M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Golubev, V. G.

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Grigorenko, A. N.

R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Guinea, F.

A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 109–162 (2009).
[Crossref]

Guo, J.

Y. Xiang, X. Dai, J. Guo, S. Wen, and D. Tang, “Tunable optical bistability at the graphene-covered nonlinear interface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(5), 051108 (2014).
[Crossref]

Hale, P. J.

E. Hendry, P. J. Hale, J. Moger, A. K. Savchenko, and S. A. Mikhailov, “Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 097401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hao, Z.

Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
[Crossref]

Harshawardhan, W.

W. Harshawardhan and G. S. Agarwal, “Controlling optical bistability using electromagnetic-field-induced transparency and quantum interferences,” Phys. Rev. A 53(3), 1812–1817 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hasan, T.

F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics 4(9), 611–622 (2010).
[Crossref]

Hendry, E.

E. Hendry, P. J. Hale, J. Moger, A. K. Savchenko, and S. A. Mikhailov, “Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 097401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Henriksen, E. A.

Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
[Crossref]

Ibanescu, M.

M. Soljačić, M. Ibanescu, S. G. Johnson, Y. Fink, and J. D. Joannopoulos, “Optimal bistable switching in nonlinear photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 66(5), 055601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jauho, A.

N. M. R. Peres, Y. V. Bludov, J. E. Santos, A. Jauho, and M. I. Vasilevskiy, “Optical bistability of graphene in the terahertz range,” Phys. Rev. B 90(12), 125425 (2014).
[Crossref]

Jiang, L.

X. Dai, L. Jiang, and Y. Xiang, “Low threshold optical bistability at terahertz frequencies with graphene surface plasmons,” Sci. Rep. 5, 12271 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jiang, Z.

Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
[Crossref]

Joannopoulos, J. D.

M. Soljačić, M. Ibanescu, S. G. Johnson, Y. Fink, and J. D. Joannopoulos, “Optimal bistable switching in nonlinear photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 66(5), 055601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Johnson, S. G.

M. Soljačić, M. Ibanescu, S. G. Johnson, Y. Fink, and J. D. Joannopoulos, “Optimal bistable switching in nonlinear photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 66(5), 055601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Joshi, A.

A. Joshi, A. Brown, H. Wang, and M. Xiao, “Controlling optical bistability in a three-level atomic system,” Phys. Rev. A 67(4), 041801 (2003).
[Crossref]

Ju, L.

M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kerst, R.

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, K.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, P.

Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
[Crossref]

Kivshar, Y. S.

M. W. Feise, I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Tunable transmission and bistability in left-handed band-gap structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(9), 1451–1453 (2004).
[Crossref]

Kurdyukov, D. A.

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kurokawa, T.

H. Tsuda and T. Kurokawa, “Construction of an all-optical flip-flop by combination of two optical triodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 57(17), 1724–1726 (1990).
[Crossref]

Li, G. X.

F. Y. Wang, G. X. Li, H. L. Tam, K. W. Cheah, and S. N. Zhu, “Optical bistability and multistability in onedimensional periodic metal-dielectric photonic crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Li, X.

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, Z. Q.

Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
[Crossref]

Lim, C. H. Y. X.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
[Crossref]

Lin, Y. M.

F. Xia, T. Mueller, Y. M. Lin, A. Valdes-Garcia, and P. Avouris, “Ultrafast graphene photodetector,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 839–843 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, F.

F. Liu and E. Cubukcu, “Tunable omnidirectional strong light-matter interactions mediated by graphene surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B 88(11), 115439 (2013).
[Crossref]

Liu, M.

M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, X.

T. Zhan, X. Shi, Y. Dai, X. Liu, and J. Zi, “Transfer matrix method for optics in graphene layers,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25(21), 215301 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Loh, K. P.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
[Crossref]

Maradudin, A. A.

G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
[Crossref]

Martin, M. C.

Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
[Crossref]

Mazurenko, D. A.

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mikhailov, S. A.

E. Hendry, P. J. Hale, J. Moger, A. K. Savchenko, and S. A. Mikhailov, “Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 097401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. A. Mikhailov and K. Ziegler, “Nonlinear electromagnetic response of graphene: frequency multiplication and the self-consistent-field effects,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(38), 384204 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Moger, J.

E. Hendry, P. J. Hale, J. Moger, A. K. Savchenko, and S. A. Mikhailov, “Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 097401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mueller, T.

F. Xia, T. Mueller, Y. M. Lin, A. Valdes-Garcia, and P. Avouris, “Ultrafast graphene photodetector,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 839–843 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nair, R. R.

R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ni, Z.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
[Crossref]

Nihei, H.

H. Nihei and A. Okamoto, “Switching time of optical memory devices composed of photonic crystals with an impurity three-level atom,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(1), 6835–6840 (2001).
[Crossref]

Novoselov, K. S.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 109–162 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater. 6(3), 183–191 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Okamoto, A.

H. Nihei and A. Okamoto, “Switching time of optical memory devices composed of photonic crystals with an impurity three-level atom,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(1), 6835–6840 (2001).
[Crossref]

Peres, N.

A. Ferreira, N. Peres, R. Ribeiro, and T. Stauber, “Graphene-based photodetector with two cavities,” Phys. Rev. B 85(11), 115438 (2012).
[Crossref]

Peres, N. M. R.

N. M. R. Peres, Y. V. Bludov, J. E. Santos, A. Jauho, and M. I. Vasilevskiy, “Optical bistability of graphene in the terahertz range,” Phys. Rev. B 90(12), 125425 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 109–162 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Perruisseau-Carrier, J.

A. Fallahi and J. Perruisseau-Carrier, “Design of tunable biperiodic graphene metasurfaces,” Phys. Rev. B 86(19), 195408 (2012).
[Crossref]

Pevtsov, A. B.

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Reinisch, R.

G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
[Crossref]

Ribeiro, R.

A. Ferreira, N. Peres, R. Ribeiro, and T. Stauber, “Graphene-based photodetector with two cavities,” Phys. Rev. B 85(11), 115438 (2012).
[Crossref]

Santos, J. E.

N. M. R. Peres, Y. V. Bludov, J. E. Santos, A. Jauho, and M. I. Vasilevskiy, “Optical bistability of graphene in the terahertz range,” Phys. Rev. B 90(12), 125425 (2014).
[Crossref]

Savchenko, A. K.

E. Hendry, P. J. Hale, J. Moger, A. K. Savchenko, and S. A. Mikhailov, “Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 097401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Scalora, M.

M. D. Tocci, M. J. Bloemer, M. Scalora, J. P. Dowling, and C. M. Bowden, “Thin-film nonlinear optical diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(18), 2324–2326 (1995).
[Crossref]

Schwab, M. G.

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Seaton, C. T.

G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
[Crossref]

Sel’kin, A. V.

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shadrivov, I. V.

M. W. Feise, I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Tunable transmission and bistability in left-handed band-gap structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(9), 1451–1453 (2004).
[Crossref]

Shen, J. T.

Shi, X.

T. Zhan, X. Shi, Y. Dai, X. Liu, and J. Zi, “Transfer matrix method for optics in graphene layers,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25(21), 215301 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Simsek, E.

E. Simsek, “Improving tuning range and sensitivity of localized SPR sensors with graphene,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(9), 867–870 (2013).
[Crossref]

Soljacic, M.

M. F. Yanik, S. H. Fan, and M. Soljacic, “High-contrast all-optical bistable switching in photonic crystal microcavities,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(14), 2739–2741 (2003).
[Crossref]

M. Soljačić, M. Ibanescu, S. G. Johnson, Y. Fink, and J. D. Joannopoulos, “Optimal bistable switching in nonlinear photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 66(5), 055601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stauber, T.

A. Ferreira, N. Peres, R. Ribeiro, and T. Stauber, “Graphene-based photodetector with two cavities,” Phys. Rev. B 85(11), 115438 (2012).
[Crossref]

R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stegeman, G. I.

G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
[Crossref]

Stormer, H. L.

Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
[Crossref]

Sun, Z.

F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics 4(9), 611–622 (2010).
[Crossref]

Tam, H. L.

F. Y. Wang, G. X. Li, H. L. Tam, K. W. Cheah, and S. N. Zhu, “Optical bistability and multistability in onedimensional periodic metal-dielectric photonic crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Tang, D.

Y. Xiang, X. Dai, J. Guo, S. Wen, and D. Tang, “Tunable optical bistability at the graphene-covered nonlinear interface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(5), 051108 (2014).
[Crossref]

Tang, D. Y.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
[Crossref]

Tang, S.

Tocci, M. D.

M. D. Tocci, M. J. Bloemer, M. Scalora, J. P. Dowling, and C. M. Bowden, “Thin-film nonlinear optical diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(18), 2324–2326 (1995).
[Crossref]

Tsuda, H.

H. Tsuda and T. Kurokawa, “Construction of an all-optical flip-flop by combination of two optical triodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 57(17), 1724–1726 (1990).
[Crossref]

Tulevski, G.

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ulin-Avila, E.

M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Valdes-Garcia, A.

F. Xia, T. Mueller, Y. M. Lin, A. Valdes-Garcia, and P. Avouris, “Ultrafast graphene photodetector,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 839–843 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vasilevskiy, M. I.

N. M. R. Peres, Y. V. Bludov, J. E. Santos, A. Jauho, and M. I. Vasilevskiy, “Optical bistability of graphene in the terahertz range,” Phys. Rev. B 90(12), 125425 (2014).
[Crossref]

Vitrant, G.

G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
[Crossref]

Wang, B.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
[Crossref]

Wang, F.

M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, F. Y.

F. Y. Wang, G. X. Li, H. L. Tam, K. W. Cheah, and S. N. Zhu, “Optical bistability and multistability in onedimensional periodic metal-dielectric photonic crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Wang, H.

A. Joshi, A. Brown, H. Wang, and M. Xiao, “Controlling optical bistability in a three-level atomic system,” Phys. Rev. A 67(4), 041801 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wang, Y.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
[Crossref]

Wen, S.

Y. Xiang, X. Dai, J. Guo, S. Wen, and D. Tang, “Tunable optical bistability at the graphene-covered nonlinear interface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(5), 051108 (2014).
[Crossref]

Wu, Y.

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xia, F.

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Xia, T. Mueller, Y. M. Lin, A. Valdes-Garcia, and P. Avouris, “Ultrafast graphene photodetector,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 839–843 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xiang, Y.

X. Dai, L. Jiang, and Y. Xiang, “Low threshold optical bistability at terahertz frequencies with graphene surface plasmons,” Sci. Rep. 5, 12271 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Xiang, X. Dai, J. Guo, S. Wen, and D. Tang, “Tunable optical bistability at the graphene-covered nonlinear interface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(5), 051108 (2014).
[Crossref]

Xiao, M.

A. Joshi, A. Brown, H. Wang, and M. Xiao, “Controlling optical bistability in a three-level atomic system,” Phys. Rev. A 67(4), 041801 (2003).
[Crossref]

Xiao, S.

Yan, H.

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yanik, M. F.

M. F. Yanik, S. H. Fan, and M. Soljacic, “High-contrast all-optical bistable switching in photonic crystal microcavities,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(14), 2739–2741 (2003).
[Crossref]

Yin, X.

M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zanoni, R.

G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
[Crossref]

Zentgraf, T.

M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhan, T.

T. Zhan, X. Shi, Y. Dai, X. Liu, and J. Zi, “Transfer matrix method for optics in graphene layers,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25(21), 215301 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, H.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
[Crossref]

Zhang, X.

M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhou, L.

Zhu, B.

Zhu, S. N.

F. Y. Wang, G. X. Li, H. L. Tam, K. W. Cheah, and S. N. Zhu, “Optical bistability and multistability in onedimensional periodic metal-dielectric photonic crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Zhu, W.

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zi, J.

T. Zhan, X. Shi, Y. Dai, X. Liu, and J. Zi, “Transfer matrix method for optics in graphene layers,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25(21), 215301 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ziegler, K.

S. A. Mikhailov and K. Ziegler, “Nonlinear electromagnetic response of graphene: frequency multiplication and the self-consistent-field effects,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(38), 384204 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (7)

H. Tsuda and T. Kurokawa, “Construction of an all-optical flip-flop by combination of two optical triodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 57(17), 1724–1726 (1990).
[Crossref]

M. D. Tocci, M. J. Bloemer, M. Scalora, J. P. Dowling, and C. M. Bowden, “Thin-film nonlinear optical diode,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(18), 2324–2326 (1995).
[Crossref]

G. I. Stegeman, G. Assanto, R. Zanoni, C. T. Seaton, E. Garmire, A. A. Maradudin, R. Reinisch, and G. Vitrant, “Bistability and switching in nonlinear prism coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 52(11), 869–871 (1988).
[Crossref]

M. F. Yanik, S. H. Fan, and M. Soljacic, “High-contrast all-optical bistable switching in photonic crystal microcavities,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(14), 2739–2741 (2003).
[Crossref]

F. Y. Wang, G. X. Li, H. L. Tam, K. W. Cheah, and S. N. Zhu, “Optical bistability and multistability in onedimensional periodic metal-dielectric photonic crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211109 (2008).
[Crossref]

M. W. Feise, I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Tunable transmission and bistability in left-handed band-gap structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(9), 1451–1453 (2004).
[Crossref]

Y. Xiang, X. Dai, J. Guo, S. Wen, and D. Tang, “Tunable optical bistability at the graphene-covered nonlinear interface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(5), 051108 (2014).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. (1)

E. Simsek, “Improving tuning range and sensitivity of localized SPR sensors with graphene,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(9), 867–870 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Phys. Condens. Matter (2)

S. A. Mikhailov and K. Ziegler, “Nonlinear electromagnetic response of graphene: frequency multiplication and the self-consistent-field effects,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(38), 384204 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Zhan, X. Shi, Y. Dai, X. Liu, and J. Zi, “Transfer matrix method for optics in graphene layers,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25(21), 215301 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1)

H. Nihei and A. Okamoto, “Switching time of optical memory devices composed of photonic crystals with an impurity three-level atom,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(1), 6835–6840 (2001).
[Crossref]

Nat. Mater. (1)

A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater. 6(3), 183–191 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Nanotechnol. (2)

H. Yan, X. Li, B. Chandra, G. Tulevski, Y. Wu, M. Freitag, W. Zhu, P. Avouris, and F. Xia, “Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Xia, T. Mueller, Y. M. Lin, A. Valdes-Garcia, and P. Avouris, “Ultrafast graphene photodetector,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 4(12), 839–843 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Photonics (2)

F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics 4(9), 611–622 (2010).
[Crossref]

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, B. Wang, Z. Ni, C. H. Y. X. Lim, Y. Wang, D. Y. Tang, and K. P. Loh, “Broadband graphene polarizer,” Nat. Photonics 5(7), 411–415 (2011).
[Crossref]

Nat. Phys. (1)

Z. Q. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, and D. N. Basov, “Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nat. Phys. 4(7), 532–535 (2008).
[Crossref]

Nature (2)

M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, and X. Zhang, “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature 474(7349), 64–67 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature 490(7419), 192–200 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (1)

Phys. Rev. A (2)

W. Harshawardhan and G. S. Agarwal, “Controlling optical bistability using electromagnetic-field-induced transparency and quantum interferences,” Phys. Rev. A 53(3), 1812–1817 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Joshi, A. Brown, H. Wang, and M. Xiao, “Controlling optical bistability in a three-level atomic system,” Phys. Rev. A 67(4), 041801 (2003).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. B (4)

N. M. R. Peres, Y. V. Bludov, J. E. Santos, A. Jauho, and M. I. Vasilevskiy, “Optical bistability of graphene in the terahertz range,” Phys. Rev. B 90(12), 125425 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Ferreira, N. Peres, R. Ribeiro, and T. Stauber, “Graphene-based photodetector with two cavities,” Phys. Rev. B 85(11), 115438 (2012).
[Crossref]

A. Fallahi and J. Perruisseau-Carrier, “Design of tunable biperiodic graphene metasurfaces,” Phys. Rev. B 86(19), 195408 (2012).
[Crossref]

F. Liu and E. Cubukcu, “Tunable omnidirectional strong light-matter interactions mediated by graphene surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B 88(11), 115439 (2013).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. (1)

M. Soljačić, M. Ibanescu, S. G. Johnson, Y. Fink, and J. D. Joannopoulos, “Optimal bistable switching in nonlinear photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 66(5), 055601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (3)

P. Y. Chen, M. Farhat, and A. Alù, “Bistable and self-tunable negative-index metamaterial at optical frequencies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(10), 105503 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin, “Ultrafast optical switching in three-dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(21), 213903 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Hendry, P. J. Hale, J. Moger, A. K. Savchenko, and S. A. Mikhailov, “Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 097401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rev. Mod. Phys. (1)

A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 109–162 (2009).
[Crossref]

Sci. Rep. (1)

X. Dai, L. Jiang, and Y. Xiang, “Low threshold optical bistability at terahertz frequencies with graphene surface plasmons,” Sci. Rep. 5, 12271 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Science (2)

R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, “Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene,” Science 320(5881), 1308–1310 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. K. Geim, “Graphene: status and prospects,” Science 324(5934), 1530–1534 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (1)

H. M. Gibbs, Optical Bistability: Controlling Light with Light (Academic, 1985).

Cited By

OSA participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from OSA journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of a Fabry-Perot cavity with the insertion of graphene sheet. A plane wave of amplitude E i is incident on the structure, giving rise to a reflected and a transmitted wave with amplitude E r and E t , respectively.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2
Fig. 2 The reflectance (short dashed lines) and transmittance (solid lines) as a function of frequency for different Fermi energies in the Fabry-Perot cavity with graphene. Here, L l = L c / 2 , τ = 1250   fs , T = 300   K and t m 2 = 0.3 .

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) The dependences of the transmitted electric field on the input light intensity at different Fermi energies E F of the graphene. (b) The dependences of the switch-up and switch-down threshold electric fields on the Fermi energy E F of the graphene.Here, L l = L c / 2 , τ = 1250   fs , T = 300   K and t m 2 = 0.3 .

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 4
Fig. 4 The influences of mirror transmittance t m 2 (a) and cavity length L c (b) on the optical bistable phenomenon. Here, L l = L c / 2 , τ = 1250   fs , T = 300   K and E F = 0.1   eV .

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 5
Fig. 5 The dependences of the transmitted electric field on the input light intensity at different positions of graphene. Here, t m 2 = 0.3 , τ = 1250   fs , T = 300   K and E F = 0.1   eV .

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 6
Fig. 6 The dependences of the transmitted electric field (a) and transmittance (b) on the input light intensity at different relaxation times τ of the graphene. Here, L l = L c / 2 , t m 2 = 0.3 , T = 300   K and E F = 0.1   eV .

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Equations (17)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

M m = 1 t m [ − 1 − | r m | | r m | 1 ] ,
σ intra = i e 2 k B T π ℏ 2 ( ω + i / τ ) [ E F k B T + 2 ln ( e − E F k B T + 1 ) ] ,
σ inter = i e 2 4 π ℏ ln | 2 E F − ( ω + i τ − 1 ) ℏ 2 E F + ( ω + i τ − 1 ) ℏ | ,
σ 3 = − i 9 8 e 4 ν F 2 π ℏ 2 E F ω 3 ,
M g = [ 1 + ξ ξ − ξ 1 − ξ ] ,
M = M m M f ( L l ) M g M f ( L r ) M m ,
M f ( Δ x ) = [ e − i k Δ x 0 0 e i k Δ x ] ,
t = 1 M 11 ,   r = M 21 M 11 ,
E t E i = t = t m 2 ( 1 + ζ ) e − i k L c − 2 ζ | r m | − ( 1 − ζ ) | r m | 2 e i k L c ,
Y = X | Π ( X ) | 2 ,
Π = | [ 1 + Z ( σ 0 + σ 3 X ) ] e − i k L c − 2 Z ( σ 0 + σ 3 X ) | r m | − [ 1 − Z ( σ 0 + σ 3 X ) ] | r m | 2 e i k L c | 2 | t m | 4 ,
Δ = 4 Im ( σ 3 ) 2 Z 4 ( | r m | + 1 ) 8 { Im ( σ 0 ) 2 − 3 [ Re ( σ 0 ) + ( 1 − | r m | ) Z ( 1 + | r m | ) ] 2 } > 0.
Δ m = | Im ( σ 0 ) | − 3 Re ( σ 0 ) − 3 Z + 2 3 Z | r m | ( 1 + | r m | ) .
Δ m = | Im ( σ 0 ) | − 3 Re ( σ 0 ) − 3 Z .
X e x t , 1 ≈ - Im ( σ 0 ) 3 Im ( σ 3 ) = 8 ω 2 27 e 2 v F 2 E F 2 ,   X e x t , 2 ≈ - Im ( σ 0 ) Im ( σ 3 ) = 8 ω 2 9 e 2 v F 2 E F 2 .
Δ Y ≈ 128 729 Z | t m | 4 e 2 π 2 v F 2 ℏ 4 E F 4 .
{ | r m | 2 + 2 cos [ ( 2 κ − 1 ) π ] | r m | + 1 } Z | I m ( σ 0 ) | > 1 − | r m | 2 .

Metrics