Ultrafast saturable absorption in topological insulator Bi<sub>2</sub>SeTe<sub>2</sub> nanosheets

Hang Zhang; Xin He; Wei Lin; Rongfei Wei; Fangteng Zhang; Xi Du; Guoping Dong; Jianrong Qiu

doi:10.1364/OE.23.013376

Ultrafast saturable absorption in topological insulator Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheets

Hang Zhang, Xin He, Wei Lin, Rongfei Wei, Fangteng Zhang, Xi Du, Guoping Dong, and Jianrong Qiu

Optics Express
Vol. 23,
Issue 10,
pp. 13376-13383
(2015)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.013376

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Hang Zhang, Xin He, Wei Lin, Rongfei Wei, Fangteng Zhang, Xi Du, Guoping Dong, and Jianrong Qiu, "Ultrafast saturable absorption in topological insulator Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheets," Opt. Express 23, 13376-13383 (2015)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Materials
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Nanomaterials (160.4236)
- Nonlinear optics, materials (190.4400)
- Ultrafast nonlinear optics (190.7110)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 31, 2015
- Revised Manuscript: May 7, 2015
- Manuscript Accepted: May 8, 2015
- Published: May 12, 2015

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

Topological insulator (TI) Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheets with very regular hexagonal morphology were synthesized by a hydrothermal route. Open aperture (OA) z-scan method was performed to measure the saturable absorption (SA) characteristics of the as-prepared TI Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheets. The measured modulation depth, saturation intensity and nonsaturable loss of the sample were 61.9%, 4.46 GW/cm² and 4.5% respectively. An ultrafast intraband scattering time of ~50 fs was obtained through simulating the SA curve, which indicates the TI Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheets may be a good candidate for mode-locking material.

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References

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Year
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Author
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Publication

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[Crossref] [PubMed]
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[Crossref]
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[Crossref]
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[Crossref]
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[Crossref]
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[PubMed]
H. Yu, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, C. Zhao, B. Wang, S. Wen, H. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Topological insulator as an optical modulator for pulsed solid-state lasers,” Laser Photon. Rev. 7(6), L77–L83 (2013).
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[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. A. Sobota, S. Yang, J. G. Analytis, Y. L. Chen, I. R. Fisher, P. S. Kirchmann, and Z. X. Shen, “Ultrafast optical excitation of a persistent surface-state population in the topological insulator Bi2Se3.,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(11), 117403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
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[Crossref]

2014 (3)

L. Cheng, C. La-o-vorakiat, C. S. Tang, S. K. Nair, B. Xia, L. Wang, J.-X. Zhu, and E. E. M. Chia, “Temperature-dependent ultrafast carrier and phonon dynamics of topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(21), 211906 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. Chen, C. Zhao, Y. Li, H. Huang, S. Lu, H. Zhang, and S. Wen, “Broadband optical and microwave nonlinear response in topological insulator,” Opt. Mater. Express 4(4), 587–596 (2014).
[Crossref]

H. Liu, X. W. Zheng, M. Liu, N. Zhao, A. P. Luo, Z. C. Luo, W. C. Xu, H. Zhang, C. J. Zhao, and S. C. Wen, “Femtosecond pulse generation from a topological insulator mode-locked fiber laser,” Opt. Express 22(6), 6868–6873 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (2)

G. Hao, X. Qi, L. Xue, C. Cai, J. Li, X. Wei, and J. Zhong, “Fermi level tuning of topological insulator Bi2(SexTe1-x)3 nonoplates,” J. Appl. Phys. 113(2), 024306 (2013).
[Crossref]

H. Yu, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, C. Zhao, B. Wang, S. Wen, H. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Topological insulator as an optical modulator for pulsed solid-state lasers,” Laser Photon. Rev. 7(6), L77–L83 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (6)

M. Hajlaoui, E. Papalazarou, J. Mauchain, G. Lantz, N. Moisan, D. Boschetto, Z. Jiang, I. Miotkowski, Y. P. Chen, A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, L. Perfetti, and M. Marsi, “Ultrafast surface carrier dynamics in the topological insulator Bi₂Te₃,” Nano Lett. 12(7), 3532–3536 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Gehring, B. Gao, M. Burghard, and K. Kern, “Two-dimensional magnetotransport in Bi2Te2Se nanoplatelets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(2), 023116 (2012).
[Crossref]

L. Bao, L. He, N. Meyer, X. Kou, P. Zhang, Z. G. Chen, A. V. Fedorov, J. Zou, T. M. Riedemann, T. A. Lograsso, K. L. Wang, G. Tuttle, and F. Xiu, “Weak anti-localization and quantum oscillations of surface states in topological insulator Bi2Se2Te,” Sci Rep 2, 726 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Ren, A. A. Taskin, S. Sasaki, K. Segawa, and Y. Ando, “Fermi level tuning and a large activation gap achieved in the topological insulator Bi2Te2Se by Sn doping,” Phys. Rev. B 85(15), 155301 (2012).
[Crossref]

Z. Zheng, C. Zhao, S. Lu, Y. Chen, Y. Li, H. Zhang, and S. Wen, “Microwave and optical saturable absorption in graphene,” Opt. Express 20(21), 23201–23214 (2012).
[PubMed]

J. A. Sobota, S. Yang, J. G. Analytis, Y. L. Chen, I. R. Fisher, P. S. Kirchmann, and Z. X. Shen, “Ultrafast optical excitation of a persistent surface-state population in the topological insulator Bi2Se3.,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(11), 117403 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (2)

S. Jia, H. Ji, E. C. Pascual, M. K. Fuccillo, M. E. Charles, J. Xiong, N. P. Ong, and R. J. Cava, “Low-carrier-concentration crystals of the topological insulator Bi2Te2Se,” Phys. Rev. B 84(23), 235206 (2011).
[Crossref]

L. Wang and D. D. Johnson, “Ternary tetradymite compounds as topological insulators,” Phys. Rev. B 83(24), 241309 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (3)

J. Qi, X. Chen, W. Yu, P. C. Zimansky, D. Smirnov, N. H. Tolk, I. Miotkowski, H. Cao, Y. P. Chen, Y. Wu, S. Qiao, and Z. Jiang, “Ultrafast carrier and phonon dynamics in Bi2Se3 crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(18), 182102 (2010).
[Crossref]

Z. Ren, A. A. Taskin, S. Sasaki, K. Segawa, and Y. Ando, “Large bulk resisitivity and surface quantum oscillations in the topological insulator Bi2Te2Se,” Phys. Rev. B 82(24), 241306 (2010).
[Crossref]

G. Xing, H. Guo, X. Zhang, T. C. Sum, and C. H. A. Huan, “The Physics of ultrafast saturable absorption in graphene,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4564–4573 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (2)

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a satruable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
[Crossref]

H. Zhang, C. Liu, X. Qi, X. Dai, Z. Fang, and S. Zhang, “Topological insulator in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 438–442 (2009).

2008 (5)

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Chen, J. Si, X. Hou, S. Kanehira, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Photoinduced microchannels inside silicon by femtosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051112 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. M. Malyarevich, K. V. Yumashev, and A. A. Lipovskii, “Semiconductor-doped glass saturable absorbers for near-infrared solid-state lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(8), 081301 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, V. Scardaci, Z. Sun, F. Hennrich, I. H. White, W. I. Milne, and A. C. Ferrari, “Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(12), 738–742 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Sun, Z. K. Wu, C. Divin, X. Li, C. Berger, W. A. de Heer, P. N. First, and T. B. Norris, “Ultrafast relaxation of excited Dirac Fermions in epitaxial graphene using optical differential transmission spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(15), 157402 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (1)

D. Pestov, R. K. Murawski, G. O. Ariunbold, X. Wang, M. Zhi, A. V. Sokolov, V. A. Sautenkov, Y. V. Rostovtsev, A. Dogariu, Y. Huang, and M. O. Scully, “Optimizing the laser-pulse configuration for coherent Raman spectroscopy,” Science 316(5822), 265–268 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (1)

U. Keller, “Recent developments in compact ultrafast lasers,” Nature 424(6950), 831–838 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (1)

N. Tamai and H. Miyasaka, “Ultrafast dynamics of photochromic systems,” Chem. Rev. 100(5), 1875–1890 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Analytis, J. G.

Ando, Y.

Ariunbold, G. O.

Bao, L.

Bao, Q.

Berger, C.

Boschetto, D.

Burghard, M.

P. Gehring, B. Gao, M. Burghard, and K. Kern, “Two-dimensional magnetotransport in Bi2Te2Se nanoplatelets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(2), 023116 (2012).
[Crossref]

Cai, C.

G. Hao, X. Qi, L. Xue, C. Cai, J. Li, X. Wei, and J. Zhong, “Fermi level tuning of topological insulator Bi2(SexTe1-x)3 nonoplates,” J. Appl. Phys. 113(2), 024306 (2013).
[Crossref]

Cao, H.

Cava, R. J.

Charles, M. E.

Chen, S.

Chen, T.

T. Chen, J. Si, X. Hou, S. Kanehira, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Photoinduced microchannels inside silicon by femtosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051112 (2008).
[Crossref]

Chen, X.

Chen, Y.

Z. Zheng, C. Zhao, S. Lu, Y. Chen, Y. Li, H. Zhang, and S. Wen, “Microwave and optical saturable absorption in graphene,” Opt. Express 20(21), 23201–23214 (2012).
[PubMed]

Chen, Y. L.

Chen, Y. P.

Chen, Z. G.

Cheng, L.

Chia, E. E. M.

Dai, X.

H. Zhang, C. Liu, X. Qi, X. Dai, Z. Fang, and S. Zhang, “Topological insulator in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 438–442 (2009).

de Heer, W. A.

Divin, C.

Dogariu, A.

Fang, Z.

H. Zhang, C. Liu, X. Qi, X. Dai, Z. Fang, and S. Zhang, “Topological insulator in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 438–442 (2009).

Fedorov, A. V.

Ferrari, A. C.

First, P. N.

Fisher, I. R.

Fuccillo, M. K.

Gao, B.

P. Gehring, B. Gao, M. Burghard, and K. Kern, “Two-dimensional magnetotransport in Bi2Te2Se nanoplatelets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(2), 023116 (2012).
[Crossref]

Gattass, R. R.

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

Gehring, P.

P. Gehring, B. Gao, M. Burghard, and K. Kern, “Two-dimensional magnetotransport in Bi2Te2Se nanoplatelets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(2), 023116 (2012).
[Crossref]

Guo, H.

G. Xing, H. Guo, X. Zhang, T. C. Sum, and C. H. A. Huan, “The Physics of ultrafast saturable absorption in graphene,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4564–4573 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hajlaoui, M.

Hao, G.

G. Hao, X. Qi, L. Xue, C. Cai, J. Li, X. Wei, and J. Zhong, “Fermi level tuning of topological insulator Bi2(SexTe1-x)3 nonoplates,” J. Appl. Phys. 113(2), 024306 (2013).
[Crossref]

He, L.

Hennrich, F.

Hirao, K.

T. Chen, J. Si, X. Hou, S. Kanehira, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Photoinduced microchannels inside silicon by femtosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051112 (2008).
[Crossref]

Hou, X.

T. Chen, J. Si, X. Hou, S. Kanehira, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Photoinduced microchannels inside silicon by femtosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051112 (2008).
[Crossref]

Huan, C. H. A.

G. Xing, H. Guo, X. Zhang, T. C. Sum, and C. H. A. Huan, “The Physics of ultrafast saturable absorption in graphene,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4564–4573 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, H.

Huang, Y.

Ji, H.

Jia, S.

Jiang, Z.

Johnson, D. D.

L. Wang and D. D. Johnson, “Ternary tetradymite compounds as topological insulators,” Phys. Rev. B 83(24), 241309 (2011).
[Crossref]

Kanehira, S.

T. Chen, J. Si, X. Hou, S. Kanehira, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Photoinduced microchannels inside silicon by femtosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051112 (2008).
[Crossref]

Keller, U.

U. Keller, “Recent developments in compact ultrafast lasers,” Nature 424(6950), 831–838 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kern, K.

P. Gehring, B. Gao, M. Burghard, and K. Kern, “Two-dimensional magnetotransport in Bi2Te2Se nanoplatelets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(2), 023116 (2012).
[Crossref]

Kirchmann, P. S.

Kou, X.

Lantz, G.

La-o-vorakiat, C.

Li, J.

G. Hao, X. Qi, L. Xue, C. Cai, J. Li, X. Wei, and J. Zhong, “Fermi level tuning of topological insulator Bi2(SexTe1-x)3 nonoplates,” J. Appl. Phys. 113(2), 024306 (2013).
[Crossref]

Li, X.

Li, Y.

Z. Zheng, C. Zhao, S. Lu, Y. Chen, Y. Li, H. Zhang, and S. Wen, “Microwave and optical saturable absorption in graphene,” Opt. Express 20(21), 23201–23214 (2012).
[PubMed]

Lipovskii, A. A.

A. M. Malyarevich, K. V. Yumashev, and A. A. Lipovskii, “Semiconductor-doped glass saturable absorbers for near-infrared solid-state lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(8), 081301 (2008).
[Crossref]

Liu, C.

H. Zhang, C. Liu, X. Qi, X. Dai, Z. Fang, and S. Zhang, “Topological insulator in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 438–442 (2009).

Liu, H.

Liu, M.

Lograsso, T. A.

Loh, K. P.

Lu, S.

Z. Zheng, C. Zhao, S. Lu, Y. Chen, Y. Li, H. Zhang, and S. Wen, “Microwave and optical saturable absorption in graphene,” Opt. Express 20(21), 23201–23214 (2012).
[PubMed]

Luo, A. P.

Luo, Z. C.

Malyarevich, A. M.

A. M. Malyarevich, K. V. Yumashev, and A. A. Lipovskii, “Semiconductor-doped glass saturable absorbers for near-infrared solid-state lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(8), 081301 (2008).
[Crossref]

Marsi, M.

Mauchain, J.

Mazur, E.

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

Meyer, N.

Milne, W. I.

Miotkowski, I.

Miura, K.

T. Chen, J. Si, X. Hou, S. Kanehira, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Photoinduced microchannels inside silicon by femtosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051112 (2008).
[Crossref]

Miyasaka, H.

N. Tamai and H. Miyasaka, “Ultrafast dynamics of photochromic systems,” Chem. Rev. 100(5), 1875–1890 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Moisan, N.

Murawski, R. K.

Nair, S. K.

Ni, Z.

Norris, T. B.

Ong, N. P.

Papalazarou, E.

Pascual, E. C.

Perfetti, L.

Pestov, D.

Qi, J.

Qi, X.

G. Hao, X. Qi, L. Xue, C. Cai, J. Li, X. Wei, and J. Zhong, “Fermi level tuning of topological insulator Bi2(SexTe1-x)3 nonoplates,” J. Appl. Phys. 113(2), 024306 (2013).
[Crossref]

H. Zhang, C. Liu, X. Qi, X. Dai, Z. Fang, and S. Zhang, “Topological insulator in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 438–442 (2009).

Qiao, S.

Ren, Z.

Riedemann, T. M.

Rostovtsev, Y. V.

Rozhin, A. G.

Sasaki, S.

Sautenkov, V. A.

Scardaci, V.

Scully, M. O.

Segawa, K.

Shen, Z. X.

Si, J.

T. Chen, J. Si, X. Hou, S. Kanehira, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Photoinduced microchannels inside silicon by femtosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051112 (2008).
[Crossref]

Smirnov, D.

Sobota, J. A.

Sokolov, A. V.

Sum, T. C.

G. Xing, H. Guo, X. Zhang, T. C. Sum, and C. H. A. Huan, “The Physics of ultrafast saturable absorption in graphene,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4564–4573 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sun, D.

Sun, Z.

Taleb-Ibrahimi, A.

Tamai, N.

N. Tamai and H. Miyasaka, “Ultrafast dynamics of photochromic systems,” Chem. Rev. 100(5), 1875–1890 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tang, C. S.

Tang, D. Y.

Taskin, A. A.

Tolk, N. H.

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Fig. 1 (a) SEM imaging of prepared TI Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheets. The inset shows the morphology of a single Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheet. (b) XRD patterns of the as-prepared Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheets. (c) The linear absorption spectrum of TI Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheets. (d) Raman spectrum of TI Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheets.

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Fig. 2 (a) OA z-scan curves at incident power densities increased from 0.16 to 26.4 GW/cm². The nonlinear absorption of the fused silica substrate was measured at 26.4 GW/cm². The inset shows the OA z-scan setup. λ/2: half-wave plate; PBS: polarizing beam splitter; L: lens; S: sample; D: detector. (b) Pauli blocking caused optical SA in TI Bi₂SeTe₂.

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Fig. 3 (a) Input laser intensity/fluence dependence of nonlinear SA of TI Bi₂SeTe₂ sample. (b) The SA curve was simulated by Eq. (6) using different values of

τ_{1}

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Fig. 4 Q-switched pulse-train obtained by using TI Bi₂SeTe₂ nanosheets as saturable absorber.

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Equations (6)

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\frac{d I (z)}{d l} = - \frac{α_{0}}{1 + I (z) / I_{s}} I (z)

T (I) = \exp (- \frac{α_{0} L}{1 + I (z) / I_{s}}) \approx 1 - \frac{α_{0} L}{1 + I (z) / I_{s}}

T_{n o r m} (I) = \frac{T (I)}{T (I = 0)} = (1 - \frac{α_{0} L}{1 + I (z) / I_{s}}) \cdot \frac{1}{1 - α_{0} L}

T_{n o r m} (I) = 1 - (\frac{α_{s}}{1 + I (z) / I_{s a t}} + α_{n s})

W_{a} = (\frac{2 π}{ℏ}) {| M |}^{2} D (ε) \cdot ℏ ω

A b s [I_{0}] = \int_{- \infty}^{\infty} (f_{t} (- ε) - f_{t} (ε)) \cdot π α I_{0} \cdot \exp [- \frac{t^{2}}{τ^{2}}] \cdot d t